ºÝºÝߣ

ºÝºÝߣShare a Scribd company logo

P.pptx

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
S
Satendra Shroti

This document discusses genome editing and its importance in crop improvement. It describes several gene editing tools, including CRISPR-Cas9, ZFNs, TALENs, and homologous recombination. CRISPR-Cas9 allows scientists to make precise changes to DNA sequences using a guide RNA and Cas9 enzyme. These tools have applications in treating genetic diseases, developing pest-resistant crops, and cancer therapies. The document also covers regulatory considerations regarding safety, ethics, and unintended consequences of genome editing technologies, and their future potential to enhance crop yields, disease resistance, and nutritional content.

1 of 9
Download to read offline
Name : PARTHA SARATHI KHARA Reg. no : J-23-MB-02
ï‚— What is Genome Editing? ï‚— Genome editing is a powerful technology that allows scientists to make precise modifications in the DNA of organisms. Importance in Crop Improvement Genome editing plays a crucial role in crop improvement by enabling scientists to enhance desirable traits in crops, such as increased yield, improved resistance to pests and diseases, and enhanced nutritional value.
ï‚— CRISPR-Cas9 System ï‚— The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a revolutionary gene editing tool that allows scientists to make precise changes to DNA sequences. It works by using a small RNA molecule called a guide RNA to locate a specific sequence of DNA, and then using an enzyme called Cas9 to cut the DNA at that location. This creates a double-stranded break in the DNA, which can then be repaired by the cell's own repair machinery. Applications The CRISPR-Cas9 system has a wide range of potential applications in gene editing, including: Treating genetic diseases by correcting or replacing faulty genes. Creating genetically modified crops that are more resistant to pests and diseases. Developing new therapies for cancer by targeting specific genes that are involved in tumor growth.
Zinc Finger Nucleases(ZFNs) ï‚— Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) were the first widely used programmable DNA binding protein system. ZFNs are comprised of a chain of zinc finger proteins fused to a bacterial nuclease to produce a system capable of making site-specific double stranded DNA breaks to enable gene edits
Homologous Recombination(HR) ï‚— Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double- stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually DNA as in cellular organisms but may be also RNA in viruses).
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)  Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) are of a similar construction as ZFNs. They are derived from naturally occurring plant pathogenic bacteria and contain DNA binding proteins called TALEs. The TALE is 33–35 amino acids in length and recognizes a single base pair of DNA
Regulatory Considerations in Genome Editing Technologies ï‚— Ethical Considerations ï‚— One of the main ethical considerations in genome editing is the potential for unintended consequences, such as off-target effects or mosaicism. There is also concern about the use of these technologies for non-medical purposes, such as enhancing physical traits or creating designer babies. ï‚— Regulatory Considerations ï‚— The regulatory landscape for genome editing technologies is still evolving, but there are several key considerations that must be addressed. These include ensuring the safety and efficacy of these technologies, protecting human subjects from unintended consequences, and addressing the potential for discrimination based on genetic information.
Future Directions of Genome Editing Technologies in Crop Improvement Enhancing Yield Genome editing technologies can be used to enhance crop yield by modifying genes that control growth and development. This can lead to higher yields and more efficient use of resources. Disease Resistance Genome editing can also be used to introduce genes that confer disease resistance to crops, reducing the need for pesticides and other chemicals. This can lead to healthier crops and a more sustainable agricultural system. Nutritional Content Genome editing can be used to modify the genes that control the nutritional content of crops, such as increasing the levels of vitamins and minerals. This can lead to healthier and more nutritious food for consumers.
THANK YOU

More Related Content

P.pptx

  • 1. Name : PARTHA SARATHI KHARA Reg. no : J-23-MB-02
  • 2. ï‚— What is Genome Editing? ï‚— Genome editing is a powerful technology that allows scientists to make precise modifications in the DNA of organisms. Importance in Crop Improvement Genome editing plays a crucial role in crop improvement by enabling scientists to enhance desirable traits in crops, such as increased yield, improved resistance to pests and diseases, and enhanced nutritional value.
  • 3. ï‚— CRISPR-Cas9 System ï‚— The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a revolutionary gene editing tool that allows scientists to make precise changes to DNA sequences. It works by using a small RNA molecule called a guide RNA to locate a specific sequence of DNA, and then using an enzyme called Cas9 to cut the DNA at that location. This creates a double-stranded break in the DNA, which can then be repaired by the cell's own repair machinery. Applications The CRISPR-Cas9 system has a wide range of potential applications in gene editing, including: Treating genetic diseases by correcting or replacing faulty genes. Creating genetically modified crops that are more resistant to pests and diseases. Developing new therapies for cancer by targeting specific genes that are involved in tumor growth.
  • 4. Zinc Finger Nucleases(ZFNs) ï‚— Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) were the first widely used programmable DNA binding protein system. ZFNs are comprised of a chain of zinc finger proteins fused to a bacterial nuclease to produce a system capable of making site-specific double stranded DNA breaks to enable gene edits
  • 5. Homologous Recombination(HR) ï‚— Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double- stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually DNA as in cellular organisms but may be also RNA in viruses).
  • 6. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) ï‚— Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) are of a similar construction as ZFNs. They are derived from naturally occurring plant pathogenic bacteria and contain DNA binding proteins called TALEs. The TALE is 33–35 amino acids in length and recognizes a single base pair of DNA
  • 7. Regulatory Considerations in Genome Editing Technologies ï‚— Ethical Considerations ï‚— One of the main ethical considerations in genome editing is the potential for unintended consequences, such as off-target effects or mosaicism. There is also concern about the use of these technologies for non-medical purposes, such as enhancing physical traits or creating designer babies. ï‚— Regulatory Considerations ï‚— The regulatory landscape for genome editing technologies is still evolving, but there are several key considerations that must be addressed. These include ensuring the safety and efficacy of these technologies, protecting human subjects from unintended consequences, and addressing the potential for discrimination based on genetic information.
  • 8. Future Directions of Genome Editing Technologies in Crop Improvement Enhancing Yield Genome editing technologies can be used to enhance crop yield by modifying genes that control growth and development. This can lead to higher yields and more efficient use of resources. Disease Resistance Genome editing can also be used to introduce genes that confer disease resistance to crops, reducing the need for pesticides and other chemicals. This can lead to healthier crops and a more sustainable agricultural system. Nutritional Content Genome editing can be used to modify the genes that control the nutritional content of crops, such as increasing the levels of vitamins and minerals. This can lead to healthier and more nutritious food for consumers.