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The document outlines six patterns of work: A) Performance-based value where accountability is important. B) Work provides personal identity and satisfaction. C) Work benefits others through one's performance. D) Physical activity directed by others in a workplace setting. E) Work is often unpleasant and strenuous. F) Work is constrained to specific time periods and does not provide positive feelings. It then lists traditional approaches to job design such as scientific management, job characteristics theory, and methods like job enlargement and enrichment.