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Australia and New Zealand have similar but also different internet policies regarding offensive content, hate speech, copyright, and surveillance. Australia has a strict filtering regime for offensive content while New Zealand does not have any filtering. Australia also does not have a formal system for investigating hate speech, unlike New Zealand. While both countries' copyright laws have expanded, Australia's are stricter and were influenced by trade agreements to align more with US laws. Both countries have also enhanced government surveillance authorities.
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- 1. The comparison of the internet policies in Australia and New Zealand Siyao Liu z3387964 Jiuling Cheng z3342642 Xidan Zhang z3342832
- 2. Australia and New Zealand Overview VS Offensive Content Hate Speech Copyright Defamation Surveillance New Zealand
- 3. Differences Offensive Content Strict filter regime(AU) / N o filtering scheme (NZ) Hate Speech No investigation system (AU) / An institutionalized investigation system (NZ) Copyright Copyright Laws & Judiciary Enforcement (AU) / No formal copyright legislation( NZ )
- 4. Similarities D efamation Expand Jurisdicion outside S urveillance Enhance the authority of government agencies
- 5. Offensive Content Australia: R18 Contains content that is likely to be disturbing to those under eighteen. This content is not prohibited on domestic hosting sites if there is an age-verification system certified by the ACMA in place. X18 Contains nonviolent sexually explicit content between consenting adults. This content may be subject to ACMA takedown provisions if hosted on domestic servers. RC Contains content that is Refused Classification (child pornography, fetish, detailed instruction on crime, and so on) and is prohibited on Australian-hosted sites.
- 6. Example Social media guideline Offensive content on the BLOG.
- 7. New Zealand: No explicit legal mechanism for the take-down of objectionable material. Instead, the nonprofit InternetNZ is in the process of establishing an industry wide code of conduct that would require its signers to agree not to host illegal content. The government focuses its efforts on prosecuting the distributors or possessors.
- 8. COPYRIGHT IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND Australian s copyright law more stricter than those of New Zealand Australias copyright laws: Following the acceptance of the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement in 2004, Australia was required to bring its copyright laws closer in line with those of the United State
- 9. Australias copyright laws Key points Copyright protection is free and applies automatically when material is created. There is NO registration system for copyright in Australia. Copyright does not protect ideas, information, styles or techniques. Copyright does not protect names, titles or slogans. There are no general exemptions from copyright law for non-profit organisations. There are some situations where copyright law allows people to use copyright material without permission for their own personal use, but these are narrow and specific. Generally, Australian copyright law applies to actions that take place in Australia, even if the material used was created or first published in another country.
- 10. New Zealands copyright laws: New Zealand is party to various international agreements, including: The Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the油TRIPS Agreement) (Annex 1C to the Agreement Establishing the油World Trade Organisation(WTO) 1994); The油Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1928(Rome Act revision); The油Universal Copyright Convention 1952
- 11. Analyse Example High Court grants film industry appeal in iiTrial http://www.itnews.com.au/News/266661, high-court-grants-film-industry-appeal-in-iitrial.aspx Secret copyright treaty details Australian Internet code http://www.itnews.com.au /News/250866,secret-copyright -treaty-derails-australian-internet-code.aspx iiNet chief executive Michael Malone at the Federal Court judgement in February.
- 12. Question Time Do you think Australia Internet Law is too rigor so that it restricts information sharing with Netizens?. Do you think the protection of online copyright may result in negative influence on academic research? The institutionalized investigation system of hate speech in New Zealand violates the right to freedom of expression in international human rights law?
- 13. References: Allan油Swann,油Entire油Copyright油Act油to油Be油Scrapped,油National油Business油Review,油May油1油2009,< http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/entire-copyright-act-be-scrapped-101820 > Cheng油J油2007,油Report:油80油percent油of油blogs油contain油offensive油content,油Ars油technica,油view油on油16油Sep.油2011 < http://arstechnica.com/security/news/2007/04/report-80-percent-of-blogs-contain-offensive-content.ars > Davison,油Mark油J;油Ann油Louise油Monnotti油&油Leanne油Wiseman油(2008).油Australian油intellectual油property油law.油Cambridge油University油Press.油p.油180.油ISBN油9780521613385. Electronic油Frontiers油Australia,油Defamation油Laws油and油the油Internet,油January油14,油2006, < http://www.efa.org.au/Issues/Censor/defamation.html > Hutchinson油J,油High油Courtgrants油film油industry油appeal油in油iiTrial油12油油Aug,油2011油<油 http://www.itnews.com.au/News/266661,high-court-grants-film-industry-appeal-in-iitrial.aspx > Hilvert J,Secret油copyright油treaty油derails油Australian油Internetcode油11油Mar,2011,油 < http://www.itnews.com.au/News/250866,secret-copyright-treaty-derails-australian-internet-code.aspx >油
- 14. Thank you !