際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo
CENTRIFUGATION
Submitted by
SHOBHANA SAHU
M.Sc. 4th semester
1
SYNOPSIS
 Introduction
 Definition
 Components of centrifuge
 Types of centrifugation
 Application
 Conclusion
 References
2
INTRODUCTION
 Centrifugation is a process which involves the
use of the centrifugal force for the
sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with
a centrifuge, used in industry and laboratory
settings.
 This process is used to separate two
immiscible liquids.
3
4
DEFINITION
 A centrifugation is a
technique for
separating particles
from a solution
according to their
size, shape, density,
viscosity of the
medium and rotor
speed.
5
CENTRIFUGE
 A centrifuge is a part
of equipment that puts
an object in rotation
around a fixed axis
(spin in a circle),
applying a potentially
strong force
perpendicular to the
axis of spin.
6
PRINCIPLE
 In a solution, particles whose density is higher than
that of the solvent sink (sediment), and particles that
are lighter than it float to the top.
 The greater the difference in density, the faster they
move. If there is no difference in density (isopycnic
conditions), the particles stay steady.
 To take advantage of even tiny differences in density
to separate various particles in a solution, gravity can
be replaced with the much more powerful
centrifugal force provided by a centrifuge.
7
COMPONENTS OF CENTRIFUGE
 Motor- which give rotator motion.
 Drive shaft- attached to motor.
 Rotor- placed on drive shaft having space to
place tubes.
 Centrifuge rotor: a rotor is the rotating unit of
the centrifuge, which has fixed holes drilled at
an angle. Test tubes are placed inside these
holes and the rotor spins to aid in the
separation of the materials.
8
9
10
11
TYPES OF CENTRIFUGATION
Preparative centrifugation:
 it is a preliminary step to separate component for
further separation and analysis. It can handle large
amount of samples. Its divide 2 types:
 Density gradient centrifugation
 Differential velocity centrifugation
Analytical centrifugation:
 we analyze the sample so small amount is used
few micro-gram/ L to 1 mL
 Mostly ultracentrifuge is used
12
DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION
 Under centrifugal force, the particles will
begin sedimenting through the density
gradient.
 Two type of this-
1. Rate zonal centrifugation
2. Isopycnic centrifugation
13
Rate zonal centrifugation
14
15
Differential velocity centrifugation
16
17
18
19
ULTRACENTRIFUGATION
 The ultracentrifuge is a centrifuge optimized
for spinning a rotor at very high speeds,
capable of generating acceleration as high as
19600 km/s族 (around 50000 rpm).
 Example: Red cells may be separated from
plasma of blood, nuclei from mitochondria in
cell homogenates, and one protein from
another in complex mixtures.
20
ULTRACENTRIFUGATION
21
22
CALCULATION FOR CENTRIFUGATION
23
24
APPLICATION OF CENTRIFUGATION
 Isolating suspensions
 Isotope separation
 Aeronautics and astronautics
 Geotechnical centrifuge modeling:
 Commercial applications:
25
HUMAN CENTRIFUGE
26
27
28
CONCLUSION
 The centrifugation is a modern and easy
technique of separation.
 Due to centrifugation it is easy to separate
cellular and sub cellular components.
 It is used to study the effects of centrifugal
forces on cells.
 But it is costly and problem to maintenance.
29
REFERENCES
 /poojakamble1609/principles-and-applications-of-centrifugation
 /poojakamble1609/principles-and-applications-of-centrifugation
 https://www.britannica.com/technology/centrifuge
 https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/biofiles/centrifugation-separations.html
 http://www.centrifuge.guide/significant-applications-of-centrifuges/
 http://centrifuges.hitachi-koki.com/application/pdf/red153e.pdf
 http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/TIGP-
NANO/Course/2007_Spring/Class%20Notes/AC_Chapter%203%20Centrifugation%200321.pdf
30
Thank
you
Any
quer
ies?
31

More Related Content

Ppt of centrifugation

  • 2. SYNOPSIS Introduction Definition Components of centrifuge Types of centrifugation Application Conclusion References 2
  • 3. INTRODUCTION Centrifugation is a process which involves the use of the centrifugal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with a centrifuge, used in industry and laboratory settings. This process is used to separate two immiscible liquids. 3
  • 4. 4
  • 5. DEFINITION A centrifugation is a technique for separating particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. 5
  • 6. CENTRIFUGE A centrifuge is a part of equipment that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis (spin in a circle), applying a potentially strong force perpendicular to the axis of spin. 6
  • 7. PRINCIPLE In a solution, particles whose density is higher than that of the solvent sink (sediment), and particles that are lighter than it float to the top. The greater the difference in density, the faster they move. If there is no difference in density (isopycnic conditions), the particles stay steady. To take advantage of even tiny differences in density to separate various particles in a solution, gravity can be replaced with the much more powerful centrifugal force provided by a centrifuge. 7
  • 8. COMPONENTS OF CENTRIFUGE Motor- which give rotator motion. Drive shaft- attached to motor. Rotor- placed on drive shaft having space to place tubes. Centrifuge rotor: a rotor is the rotating unit of the centrifuge, which has fixed holes drilled at an angle. Test tubes are placed inside these holes and the rotor spins to aid in the separation of the materials. 8
  • 9. 9
  • 10. 10
  • 11. 11
  • 12. TYPES OF CENTRIFUGATION Preparative centrifugation: it is a preliminary step to separate component for further separation and analysis. It can handle large amount of samples. Its divide 2 types: Density gradient centrifugation Differential velocity centrifugation Analytical centrifugation: we analyze the sample so small amount is used few micro-gram/ L to 1 mL Mostly ultracentrifuge is used 12
  • 13. DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION Under centrifugal force, the particles will begin sedimenting through the density gradient. Two type of this- 1. Rate zonal centrifugation 2. Isopycnic centrifugation 13
  • 15. 15
  • 17. 17
  • 18. 18
  • 19. 19
  • 20. ULTRACENTRIFUGATION The ultracentrifuge is a centrifuge optimized for spinning a rotor at very high speeds, capable of generating acceleration as high as 19600 km/s族 (around 50000 rpm). Example: Red cells may be separated from plasma of blood, nuclei from mitochondria in cell homogenates, and one protein from another in complex mixtures. 20
  • 22. 22
  • 24. 24
  • 25. APPLICATION OF CENTRIFUGATION Isolating suspensions Isotope separation Aeronautics and astronautics Geotechnical centrifuge modeling: Commercial applications: 25
  • 27. 27
  • 28. 28
  • 29. CONCLUSION The centrifugation is a modern and easy technique of separation. Due to centrifugation it is easy to separate cellular and sub cellular components. It is used to study the effects of centrifugal forces on cells. But it is costly and problem to maintenance. 29
  • 30. REFERENCES /poojakamble1609/principles-and-applications-of-centrifugation /poojakamble1609/principles-and-applications-of-centrifugation https://www.britannica.com/technology/centrifuge https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/biofiles/centrifugation-separations.html http://www.centrifuge.guide/significant-applications-of-centrifuges/ http://centrifuges.hitachi-koki.com/application/pdf/red153e.pdf http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/TIGP- NANO/Course/2007_Spring/Class%20Notes/AC_Chapter%203%20Centrifugation%200321.pdf 30