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A NOVEL EFFICIENT STAND- A NOVEL EFFICIENT STAND- ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC DC VILLAGE ELECTRICITY DC VILLAGE ELECTRICITY SCHEME SCHEME A.M. Sharaf, SM IEEE, and Liang Yang A.M. Sharaf, SM IEEE, and Liang Yang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Brunswick University of New Brunswick
PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Introduction • System Model Description • Novel Dynamic Error Driven PI Controller • Digital Simulation Results • Conclusions • Future Work
Introduction Introduction The advantages of PV solar energy: • Clean and green energy source that can reduce green house gases • Highly reliable and needs minimal maintenance • Costs little to build and operate ($2-3/Wpeak) • Almost has no environmental polluting impact • Modular and flexible in terms of size, ratings and applications
Maximum Power Point Tracking Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) (MPPT) • The photovoltaic system displays an inherently nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) relationship, requiring an online search and identification of the optimal maximum power operating point. • MPPT controller/interface is a power electronic DC/DC converter or DC/AC inverter system inserted between the PV array and its electric load to achieve the optimum characteristic matching • PV array is able to deliver maximum available solar power that is also necessary to maximize the photovoltaic energy utilization in stand-alone energy utilization systems (water pumping, ventilation)
I-V and P-V characteristics of a typical PV array at a fixed ambient temperature and solar irradiation condition
The performance of any stand-alone PV system depends on: • Electric load operating conditions/Excursions/ Switching • Ambient/junction temperature (Tx) • Solar insolation/irradiation variations (Sx)
System Model Description System Model Description Key components: • PV array module model • Power conditioning filter: ♦ Blocking Diode ♦ Input filter (Rf1 & Lf1 ) ♦ Storage Capacitor (C1 ) ♦ Output filter (Rf2 & Lf2 and C2) • SPWM controlled MOSFET or IGBT DC/DC dual converter (chopper) • Loads
Stand-alone photovoltaic DC/DC chopper scheme for village electricity use
Novel Dynamic Error Driven Novel Dynamic Error Driven PI Controller PI Controller Three regulating loops: • The motor speed trajectory tracking loop • The The first supplementary photovoltaic current tracking loop • The second supplementary photovoltaic reference voltage tracking loop
Dynamic tri-loop error driven Proportional plus Integral control system
• The global error signal (et ) comprises 3-dimensional excursion vectors (ew, ei, ev)
The loop weighting factors (γw , γi and γv ) are assigned to minimize the time-weighted excursion index J0 where • │Re(k)│: Magnitude of the hyper-plane error excursion vector • N= T0 /Tsample • T0 : Largest mechanical time constant (10s) • Tsample : Sampling time (0.2ms)
Digital Simulation Results Digital Simulation Results • Stand-alone photovoltaic scheme model using the MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems software
Test Variations of Test Variations of ambient temperature and solar irradiation ambient temperature and solar irradiation Variation of ambient temperature (Tx ) Variation of solar irradiation (Sx )
Without / with dynamic controller Ig vs. time Vg vs. time Ig vs. time Vg vs. time
Without / with dynamic controller Pg vs. Time the increase of Pg vs. time PV power
The digital simulation results validate the tri-loop dynamic error driven PI Controller, ensures: • Good speed trajectory tracking with a small overshoot/undershoot and minimum steady state error • Good photovoltaic current tracking • Good photovoltaic reference voltage tracking • Maximum PV solar power/energy tracking near knee point operation can be also achieved
Conclusions Conclusions • The proposed dynamic error driven controller requires only the PV array output voltage and current signals and the DC motor speed signals that can be easily measured. • The low cost stand-alone photovoltaic renewable energy scheme is suitable for village electricity application in the range of (150 watts to 15000 watts), mostly for water pumping and irrigation use in arid developing countries.
Future Work Future Work • Other PV-DC, PV-AC and Hybrid PV/Wind energy utilization schemes • New control strategies
Future Work (Continue) Future Work (Continue) Novel Dynamic Error Driven Novel Dynamic Error Driven Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) Three regulating loops: • The motor speed trajectory tracking loop • The dynamic photovoltaic power tracking loop
Dynamic dual-loop error-driven Sliding Mode Control (SMC) system
The loop weighting factors (γw andγp ) and the parameters C0 and C1 are assigned to minimize the time-weighted excursion index J0 where • N= T0 /Tsample • T0 : Largest mechanical time constant (10s) • Tsample : Sampling time (0.2ms)
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ppt_085.pptpresentationnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

  • 1. A NOVEL EFFICIENT STAND- A NOVEL EFFICIENT STAND- ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC DC VILLAGE ELECTRICITY DC VILLAGE ELECTRICITY SCHEME SCHEME A.M. Sharaf, SM IEEE, and Liang Yang A.M. Sharaf, SM IEEE, and Liang Yang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Brunswick University of New Brunswick
  • 2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Introduction • System Model Description • Novel Dynamic Error Driven PI Controller • Digital Simulation Results • Conclusions • Future Work
  • 3. Introduction Introduction The advantages of PV solar energy: • Clean and green energy source that can reduce green house gases • Highly reliable and needs minimal maintenance • Costs little to build and operate ($2-3/Wpeak) • Almost has no environmental polluting impact • Modular and flexible in terms of size, ratings and applications
  • 4. Maximum Power Point Tracking Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) (MPPT) • The photovoltaic system displays an inherently nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) relationship, requiring an online search and identification of the optimal maximum power operating point. • MPPT controller/interface is a power electronic DC/DC converter or DC/AC inverter system inserted between the PV array and its electric load to achieve the optimum characteristic matching • PV array is able to deliver maximum available solar power that is also necessary to maximize the photovoltaic energy utilization in stand-alone energy utilization systems (water pumping, ventilation)
  • 5. I-V and P-V characteristics of a typical PV array at a fixed ambient temperature and solar irradiation condition
  • 6. The performance of any stand-alone PV system depends on: • Electric load operating conditions/Excursions/ Switching • Ambient/junction temperature (Tx) • Solar insolation/irradiation variations (Sx)
  • 7. System Model Description System Model Description Key components: • PV array module model • Power conditioning filter: ♦ Blocking Diode ♦ Input filter (Rf1 & Lf1 ) ♦ Storage Capacitor (C1 ) ♦ Output filter (Rf2 & Lf2 and C2) • SPWM controlled MOSFET or IGBT DC/DC dual converter (chopper) • Loads
  • 8. Stand-alone photovoltaic DC/DC chopper scheme for village electricity use
  • 9. Novel Dynamic Error Driven Novel Dynamic Error Driven PI Controller PI Controller Three regulating loops: • The motor speed trajectory tracking loop • The The first supplementary photovoltaic current tracking loop • The second supplementary photovoltaic reference voltage tracking loop
  • 10. Dynamic tri-loop error driven Proportional plus Integral control system
  • 11. • The global error signal (et ) comprises 3-dimensional excursion vectors (ew, ei, ev)
  • 12. The loop weighting factors (γw , γi and γv ) are assigned to minimize the time-weighted excursion index J0 where • │Re(k)│: Magnitude of the hyper-plane error excursion vector • N= T0 /Tsample • T0 : Largest mechanical time constant (10s) • Tsample : Sampling time (0.2ms)
  • 13. Digital Simulation Results Digital Simulation Results • Stand-alone photovoltaic scheme model using the MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems software
  • 14. Test Variations of Test Variations of ambient temperature and solar irradiation ambient temperature and solar irradiation Variation of ambient temperature (Tx ) Variation of solar irradiation (Sx )
  • 15. Without / with dynamic controller Ig vs. time Vg vs. time Ig vs. time Vg vs. time
  • 16. Without / with dynamic controller Pg vs. Time the increase of Pg vs. time PV power
  • 17. The digital simulation results validate the tri-loop dynamic error driven PI Controller, ensures: • Good speed trajectory tracking with a small overshoot/undershoot and minimum steady state error • Good photovoltaic current tracking • Good photovoltaic reference voltage tracking • Maximum PV solar power/energy tracking near knee point operation can be also achieved
  • 18. Conclusions Conclusions • The proposed dynamic error driven controller requires only the PV array output voltage and current signals and the DC motor speed signals that can be easily measured. • The low cost stand-alone photovoltaic renewable energy scheme is suitable for village electricity application in the range of (150 watts to 15000 watts), mostly for water pumping and irrigation use in arid developing countries.
  • 19. Future Work Future Work • Other PV-DC, PV-AC and Hybrid PV/Wind energy utilization schemes • New control strategies
  • 20. Future Work (Continue) Future Work (Continue) Novel Dynamic Error Driven Novel Dynamic Error Driven Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) Three regulating loops: • The motor speed trajectory tracking loop • The dynamic photovoltaic power tracking loop
  • 21. Dynamic dual-loop error-driven Sliding Mode Control (SMC) system
  • 22. The loop weighting factors (γw andγp ) and the parameters C0 and C1 are assigned to minimize the time-weighted excursion index J0 where • N= T0 /Tsample • T0 : Largest mechanical time constant (10s) • Tsample : Sampling time (0.2ms)