The OSGi Subsystems specification is now published. Subsystems provide a way of structuring large systems comprising many OSGi bundles - a "no brainer" for architects who want to build a modular system. But what are the practical considerations when using Subsystems? We'll look at the trade-offs involved and indicate some patterns and anti-patterns. Eclipse Virgo was one of the technologies that provided input to the Subsystem specification. We'll use Virgo as a source of examples in discussing the practical trade-offs in the use of Subsystems. This presentation was given at the OSGi DevCon at EclipseCon Europe 2012.