際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Pre natal development

Download as PPT, PDF
Ariston Aparri
Ariston Aparri

This document discusses the stages of pregnancy from conception through birth. It begins with conception and the initial germinal and embryonic stages lasting 2-8 weeks. During this time cell differentiation occurs and life support systems develop. The third and final stage is the fetal period from 9 weeks to birth, where the fetus grows substantially in size and its organ systems begin functioning. The document outlines the physical changes that occur each month and the major developmental milestones. Factors that can influence prenatal development are also examined, including maternal health, environmental toxins, infections and genetic abnormalities. Prenatal screening options like ultrasound and amniocentesis are also summarized.

1 of 36
Downloaded 111 times
What are some early signs of pregnancy?
2 of 30 Stages of Prenatal Development Zygotic (or Germinal) Stage 0-2 weeks Embryonic Stage 2-8 weeks Fetal Stage 9-40 weeks
Conception Conception occurs when a sperm cell penetrates and fertilizes an egg cell Successful conception depends on ovaries releasing one healthy egg cell egg cell migrates most of the way down the fallopian tube One sperm must penetrate the ovum to form a zygote.
Germinal Period Begins when egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube. Period of rapid cell division Ends 2 weeks later when the zygote is implanted in the wall of the uterus
Germinal Period
Embryonic Period From 2 to 8 weeks after conception Cell differentiation intensifies Life support systems for the embryo develop Organs Appear
Prenatal Structures
8 of 30 At 2 weeks, the embryonic disk as 3 layers: Entoderm: from which develops pharynx, tonsils, thyroid, trachea, lungs, digestive system, bladder, urethra Mesoderm: from which develops muscles, bones, circulatory system, lymph system, kidneys, gonads Ectoderm: from which develops skin, hair, nails, sense organs, nervous tissue
Fetal Period From 9 weeks after conception to birth Increase in size and systems begin to function Age of viability: 22 to 28 weeks
First Month By the end of the first month, the embryo is about 1/10 of an inch long. The heart, which is no larger than a poppy seed, has begun beating.
First Month
Two Months The embryo is about 1 inch long and has distinct, slightly webbed fingers. Veins are clearly visible. The heart has divided into right and left chambers.
Two Months
Three Months By now the fetus is 2 1/2 to 3 inches long and is fully formed. He has begun swallowing and kicking. All organs and muscles have formed and are beginning to function. Genitals can be now identified as male or female.
Four Months Fetus is about 6 inches long and weighs 4 to 7 ounces. His heartbeat can be heard clearly. This is when you may feel your baby's first kick.
4 months
Five Months A protective coating called vernix caseosa begins to form on baby's skin. By the end of this month, your baby will be nearly 12 inches long and weigh almost a pound. Fetus is more active.
Six Months Eyebrows and eyelids are visible. Your baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, and he has started breathing motions. If you talk or sing, he can hear you.
6 Months
Seven Months By the end of the seventh month, your baby weighs about 3 1/2 pounds and is about 12 inches long. His body is well-formed. Fingernails cover his fingertips
Pre natal development
Eight Months Your baby is gaining about half a pound per week, and layers of fat are piling on. He has probably turned head-down in preparation for birth. He weighs between 4 and 6 pounds.
Pre natal development
Nine Months Your baby is a hefty 6 to 9 pounds and measures between 19 and 22 inches. As he becomes more crowded, you may feel him move around less.
Happy Birthday!!!
Factors Affecting to Prenatal Development General Risk Factors Teratogens: Diseases, Drugs, and Environmental Hazards How Teratogens Influence Prenatal Development Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment
General Risk Factors Nutrition: adequate amount of food, protein, vitamins, & minerals Stress: decreases oxygen to fetus and weakens mothers immune system Mothers Age: neither too young, nor too old
Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs Several drugs used by the mother that have negative effects on the embryos and fetuses. Psychoactive drugs are used to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods. The effects of alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs on the fetus are well-documented. Incompatibility of blood types where the fetuss blood is RH positive ad the mothers is RH negative cause antibodies to attack the fetus, resulting in serious, often life-threatening damage.
Environmental hazards of the modern world can cause chromosomal abnormalities. Exposure to toxins, radiation, pollutants, and excess heat can all contribute to a negative impact on the fetus. Other maternal factors such as infectious diseases (Rubella, Syphilis, AIDS), all have varying degrees of impact on the fetus. Also considered are emotional stress, age, and nutrition of the mother. Paternal factors can impact fetal growth such as pesticides at the workplace, smoking and diet.
Teratogens: Diseases, Drugs, and Environmental Hazards Many diseases pass through the placenta directly and attack the fetus Potentially dangerous drugs not limited to cocaine but include alcohol and caffeine Environmental hazards are treacherous because were often unaware of their presence
How Teratogens Influence Prenatal Development Not universally harmful Harm particular structures at a particular point in development in particular animals
Effects of Teratogens
Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis: ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling can detect physical deformities and genetic disorders Treatment: fetal medicine and genetic engineering are experimental
Prenatal Diagnosis Amniocentesis Chorionic Villus Sampling
Labor and Delivery Stage 1: starts when the muscles of the uterus contract and ends when the cervix is fully enlarged (about 10 cm) Stage 2: baby is pushed down the birth canal Stage 3: placenta is expelled
Three Stages of Labor

More Related Content

Pre natal development

  • 1. What are some early signs of pregnancy?
  • 2. 2 of 30 Stages of Prenatal Development Zygotic (or Germinal) Stage 0-2 weeks Embryonic Stage 2-8 weeks Fetal Stage 9-40 weeks
  • 3. Conception Conception occurs when a sperm cell penetrates and fertilizes an egg cell Successful conception depends on ovaries releasing one healthy egg cell egg cell migrates most of the way down the fallopian tube One sperm must penetrate the ovum to form a zygote.
  • 4. Germinal Period Begins when egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube. Period of rapid cell division Ends 2 weeks later when the zygote is implanted in the wall of the uterus
  • 6. Embryonic Period From 2 to 8 weeks after conception Cell differentiation intensifies Life support systems for the embryo develop Organs Appear
  • 8. 8 of 30 At 2 weeks, the embryonic disk as 3 layers: Entoderm: from which develops pharynx, tonsils, thyroid, trachea, lungs, digestive system, bladder, urethra Mesoderm: from which develops muscles, bones, circulatory system, lymph system, kidneys, gonads Ectoderm: from which develops skin, hair, nails, sense organs, nervous tissue
  • 9. Fetal Period From 9 weeks after conception to birth Increase in size and systems begin to function Age of viability: 22 to 28 weeks
  • 10. First Month By the end of the first month, the embryo is about 1/10 of an inch long. The heart, which is no larger than a poppy seed, has begun beating.
  • 12. Two Months The embryo is about 1 inch long and has distinct, slightly webbed fingers. Veins are clearly visible. The heart has divided into right and left chambers.
  • 14. Three Months By now the fetus is 2 1/2 to 3 inches long and is fully formed. He has begun swallowing and kicking. All organs and muscles have formed and are beginning to function. Genitals can be now identified as male or female.
  • 15. Four Months Fetus is about 6 inches long and weighs 4 to 7 ounces. His heartbeat can be heard clearly. This is when you may feel your baby's first kick.
  • 17. Five Months A protective coating called vernix caseosa begins to form on baby's skin. By the end of this month, your baby will be nearly 12 inches long and weigh almost a pound. Fetus is more active.
  • 18. Six Months Eyebrows and eyelids are visible. Your baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, and he has started breathing motions. If you talk or sing, he can hear you.
  • 20. Seven Months By the end of the seventh month, your baby weighs about 3 1/2 pounds and is about 12 inches long. His body is well-formed. Fingernails cover his fingertips
  • 22. Eight Months Your baby is gaining about half a pound per week, and layers of fat are piling on. He has probably turned head-down in preparation for birth. He weighs between 4 and 6 pounds.
  • 24. Nine Months Your baby is a hefty 6 to 9 pounds and measures between 19 and 22 inches. As he becomes more crowded, you may feel him move around less.
  • 26. Factors Affecting to Prenatal Development General Risk Factors Teratogens: Diseases, Drugs, and Environmental Hazards How Teratogens Influence Prenatal Development Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment
  • 27. General Risk Factors Nutrition: adequate amount of food, protein, vitamins, & minerals Stress: decreases oxygen to fetus and weakens mothers immune system Mothers Age: neither too young, nor too old
  • 28. Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs Several drugs used by the mother that have negative effects on the embryos and fetuses. Psychoactive drugs are used to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods. The effects of alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs on the fetus are well-documented. Incompatibility of blood types where the fetuss blood is RH positive ad the mothers is RH negative cause antibodies to attack the fetus, resulting in serious, often life-threatening damage.
  • 29. Environmental hazards of the modern world can cause chromosomal abnormalities. Exposure to toxins, radiation, pollutants, and excess heat can all contribute to a negative impact on the fetus. Other maternal factors such as infectious diseases (Rubella, Syphilis, AIDS), all have varying degrees of impact on the fetus. Also considered are emotional stress, age, and nutrition of the mother. Paternal factors can impact fetal growth such as pesticides at the workplace, smoking and diet.
  • 30. Teratogens: Diseases, Drugs, and Environmental Hazards Many diseases pass through the placenta directly and attack the fetus Potentially dangerous drugs not limited to cocaine but include alcohol and caffeine Environmental hazards are treacherous because were often unaware of their presence
  • 31. How Teratogens Influence Prenatal Development Not universally harmful Harm particular structures at a particular point in development in particular animals
  • 33. Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis: ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling can detect physical deformities and genetic disorders Treatment: fetal medicine and genetic engineering are experimental
  • 35. Labor and Delivery Stage 1: starts when the muscles of the uterus contract and ends when the cervix is fully enlarged (about 10 cm) Stage 2: baby is pushed down the birth canal Stage 3: placenta is expelled