Prep 1/Prep 2: Hello/Upstream A2 & B1 (Comparatives and Superlatives)
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This document provides information on comparative and superlative adjectives in English. It explains the general rules for forming comparatives and superlatives for one-syllable adjectives by adding "-er" and "-est". It also discusses irregular forms and rules for two-syllable or multi-syllable adjectives which use "more" and "most" or "less" and "least". Examples are given for different adjective types. The document concludes with information on using "as" and "so" in comparisons and notes on the adjectives "long", "tall", and "high".
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Prep 1/Prep 2: Hello/Upstream A2 & B1 (Comparatives and Superlatives)
- 1. Page 1 of 3 Prep Two Hello Book Unit 17 (Grammar) Comparative adj: adj to compare between 2 things/ persons This tree is taller than that. I am shorter than you. Superlative adj: adj to compare one person / thing to a group super = the most: shes the cleverest student. shes the cleverest of the students. super x the least: shes the least careful student in the class The General Rule: One-Syllable Adjectives Comparative adj: adj + er than Superlative adj: adj + est in+ place He is the best in this class. of +persons/ things He is the best one of the students. Adjective Comparative Superlative soft softer tan the softest cheap cheaper tan the cheapest sweet sweeter tan the sweetest thin thinner tan the thinnest Examples: adj + er+ than Ahmed is taller than Ali He is 20 cm taller than Ali Sohais 10 kg lighter than me. the + adj + est Mona is the shortest girl in the school (in + place) Mona is the shortest of the girls. (of + persons or things) SPELLING RULES One-syllable adj ending in e: (e) is removed when adding -er/-est r + adj+ than the +adj.+ st large larger than the largest wide wider than the widest nice nicer than the nicest One-syllable adj ending in a vowel + a consonant letter: the consonant letter is doubled thin thinner, big biggest. no. of vowel sounds = no. of syllables one or two syllables add (er) add (est) more than two syllables use more/ less use the most/ the least
- 2. Page 2 of 3 One-syllable adj or two-syllable adj ending in y: change -y to i + er i +est One-syllable adj ex: dry: drier than the driest REGUALR TWO-SYLLABLE ADJ EXAMPLES: CONFUSING BUT REGULAR ADJ. : Two-syllable adj. ending in ow/ le / er Narrow: narrower than the narrowest Gentle: gentler than the gentlest Tender: tenderer than the tenderest Clever: cleverer than the cleverest Bitter bitterer than the bitterest Slender slenderer than the slenderest Slender: tall and thin in an attractive way IRREGULAR TWO-SYLLABLE ADJ. Two-syllable adjectives ending in -ed, -ing, -ful, less - Comparative adj: more/less + adj + than - Superlative adj: the most/ the least +adj Adjective Comparative adj. Superlative adj worried more worried than less worried than the most worried the least worried boring more boring than less boring than the most worried the least worried careful more careful than less careful than the most careful the least careful useless more useless than less useless than the most useless the least useless THREE-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES OR MORE TAN THREE: - Comparative: more/less + adj+ than - Superlative: the most/ the least+ adj Adjective dangerous Comparative adj more dangerous than less dangerous than Superlative adj the most dangerous the least dangerous Adjective Comparative adj. Superlative adj. lucky luckier than the luckiest pretty prettier than the prettiest tidy tidier the tidiest
- 3. Page 3 of 3 Farther: for distance Further = more as adj as = so adj as I am as happy as you. I am so happy as you. My dress is as expensive as hers. My dress is so expensive as hers. not as adj as = not so adj as I am not as happy as you. I am not so happy as you. My dress is not as expensive as hers. My dress is not so expensive as hers. Much + (comparative adj.) This student is much (smarter than) the other. This student is much (smarter than) the other. Much + ( comparative adj.) The lion is much (more dangerous than) the cat. The lion is much (more dangerous than) the cat. Notes: Long (adj): for: -Distance: long road/ way - Horizontal things: long lake/ nile - Body parts + clothes: long hair/ arm/ leg/ long dress/ garment -Time: long hours/ How long have you stayed there? - Words and sentences: It's a long word/ sentence Tall (adj): for: - People: a tall girl/ boy - Animals: a tall giraffe - Plants: a tall tree - Vertical things: the drinks were served in tall glasses/ tall bottles/ tall cans High (adj): for: - Buildings/ towers