ݺߣ

ݺߣShare a Scribd company logo

ʰԳٲó1

•Download as PPT, PDF•
•
carolinacsc
carolinacsc

The history of film spans over a hundred years from the late 19th century to today, developing from a carnival novelty to one of the most important communication and entertainment mediums. Early moving images were produced on devices like the zoetrope and phenakistoscope in the 1830s. By the late 1880s, the first motion picture films were recorded on celluloid and the first commercial film exhibition occurred in 1894, establishing the film industry.

1 of 7
Download to read offline
Juan camilo corredor garzon Maicol julian fierro fernandez Jeisson steven pulido Wilson ferney ramirez cantor Daniel fernando sanchez romero
The history of film is the historical development of the medium known variously as cinema, motion pictures, film, or the movies. [1] The history of film spans over a hundred years, from the latter part of the 19th century to the present day and beyond. Motion pictures developed gradually from a carnival novelty to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment , and mass media in the 20th century. Motion picture films have had a substantial impact on the arts , technology , and politics the history film
Main article: Precursors of film Plays and dances had elements common to films - scripts, sets , lighting , costumes , production, direction , actors , audiences , storyboards , and scores. They preceded film by thousands of years. Much terminology later used in film theory and criticism applied, such as mise en scène . Moving visual images and sounds were not recorded for replaying as in film. Anthemius of Tralles used an early type of camera obscura in the 6th century [2] .The camera obscura was further described by Alhazen in his Book of Optics (1021), [3] [4] [5] and was later perfected near the year 1600 by Giambattista della Porta . Light is inverted through a small hole or lens from outside, and projected onto a surface or screen , creating a projected moving image , indistinguishable from a projected high quality film to an audience, but it is not preserved in a recording. In 1739 and 1748, David Hume published Treatise of Human Nature and An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding , arguing for the associations and causes of ideas with visual images, in some sense forerunners to the language of film. precursors of film
Moving images were produced on revolving drums and disks in the 1830s with independent invention by Simon von Stampfer (Stroboscope) in Austria, Joseph Plateau (Phenakistoscope) in Belgium and William Horner (zoetrope) in Britain. In 1877, under the sponsorship of Leland Stanford , Eadweard Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named " Sallie Gardner " in fast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras. The experiment took place on June 11 at the Palo Alto farm in California with the press present. The purpose of the exercise was to determine whether a running horse ever had all four legs lifted off the ground at once. The cameras were arranged along a track parallel to the horse's, and each of the camera shutters was controlled by a trip wire which was triggered by the horse's hooves. They were 21inches apart to cover the 20 feet taken by the horse stride, taking pictures at one thousandth of a second. Roundhay Garden Scene 1888, the first known celluloid film recorded. The second experimental film, Roundhay Garden Scene , filmed by Louis Le Prince on October 14, 1888 in Roundhay , Leeds , West Yorkshire , England , UK is now known as the earliest surviving motion picture. On June 21, 1889, William Friese-Greene was issued patent no. 10131 for his 'chronophotographic' camera. It was apparently capable of taking up to ten photographs per second using perforated celluloid film. A report on the camera was published in the British Photographic News on February 28, 1890. On 18 March, Friese-Greene sent a clipping of the story to Thomas Edison , whose laboratory had been developing a motion picture system known as the Kinetoscope . The report was reprinted in Scientific American on April 19. [7] Friese-Greene gave a public demonstration in 1890 but the low frame rate combined with the device's apparent unreliability failed to make an impression .
Film business up to 1906 The first commercial exhibition of film took place on April 14, 1894 at the first Kinetoscope parlor ever built. However, it was clear that Edison originally intended to create a sound film system, which would not gain worldwide recognition until the release of The Jazz Singer in 1927. In 1896 it became clear that more money was to be made by showing motion picture films with a projector to a large audience than exhibiting them in Edison's Kinetoscope peep-show machines. The Edison company took up a projector developed by Armat and Jenkins, the “Phantoscope”, which was renamed the Vitascope, and it joined various projecting machines made by other people to show the 480mm. width films being made by the Edison company and others in France and the UK. However, the most successful motion picture company in the United States, with the largest production until 1900, was the American Mutoscope company. This was initially set up to exploit peep-show type movies using designs made by W.K.L. Dickson after he left the Edison company in 1895. His equipment used 70mm. wide film, and each frame was printed separately onto paper sheets for insertion into their viewing machine, called the Mutoscope . The image sheets stood out from the periphery of a rotating drum, and flipped into view in succession. Besides the Mutoscope, they also made a projector called the Biograph, which could project a continuous positive film print made from the same negatives. Film history from 1895 to 1906 The first eleven years of motion pictures show the cinema moving from a novelty to an established large-scale entertainment industry. The films themselves represent a movement from films consisting of one shot, completely made by one person with a few assistants, towards films several minutes long consisting of several shots, which were made by large companies in something like industrial conditions.
Initially films were mostly shown as a novelty in special venues, but the main methods of exhibition quickly became either as an item on the programmes of variety theatres, or by traveling showman in tent theatres, which they took around the fairs in country towns. It became the practice for the producing companies to sell prints outright to the exhibitors, at so much per foot, regardless of the subject. Typical prices initially were 15 cents a foot in the United States, and one shilling a foot in Britain. Hand-coloured films, which were being produced of the most popular subjects before 1900, cost 2 to 3 times as much per foot. There were a few producers, such as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, which did not sell their films, but exploited them solely with their own exhibition units. The first successful permanent theatre showing nothing but films was “The Nickelodeon”, which was opened in Pittsburgh in 1905. By this date there were finally enough films several minutes long available to fill a programme running for at least half an hour, and which could be changed weekly when the local audience became bored with it. Other exhibitors in the United States quickly followed suit, and within a couple of years there were thousands of these nickelodeons in operation. The American situation led to a worldwide boom in the production and exhibition of films from 1906 onwards Film exhibition

More Related Content

ʰԳٲó1

  • 1. Juan camilo corredor garzon Maicol julian fierro fernandez Jeisson steven pulido Wilson ferney ramirez cantor Daniel fernando sanchez romero
  • 2. The history of film is the historical development of the medium known variously as cinema, motion pictures, film, or the movies. [1] The history of film spans over a hundred years, from the latter part of the 19th century to the present day and beyond. Motion pictures developed gradually from a carnival novelty to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment , and mass media in the 20th century. Motion picture films have had a substantial impact on the arts , technology , and politics the history film
  • 3. Main article: Precursors of film Plays and dances had elements common to films - scripts, sets , lighting , costumes , production, direction , actors , audiences , storyboards , and scores. They preceded film by thousands of years. Much terminology later used in film theory and criticism applied, such as mise en scène . Moving visual images and sounds were not recorded for replaying as in film. Anthemius of Tralles used an early type of camera obscura in the 6th century [2] .The camera obscura was further described by Alhazen in his Book of Optics (1021), [3] [4] [5] and was later perfected near the year 1600 by Giambattista della Porta . Light is inverted through a small hole or lens from outside, and projected onto a surface or screen , creating a projected moving image , indistinguishable from a projected high quality film to an audience, but it is not preserved in a recording. In 1739 and 1748, David Hume published Treatise of Human Nature and An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding , arguing for the associations and causes of ideas with visual images, in some sense forerunners to the language of film. precursors of film
  • 4. Moving images were produced on revolving drums and disks in the 1830s with independent invention by Simon von Stampfer (Stroboscope) in Austria, Joseph Plateau (Phenakistoscope) in Belgium and William Horner (zoetrope) in Britain. In 1877, under the sponsorship of Leland Stanford , Eadweard Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named " Sallie Gardner " in fast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras. The experiment took place on June 11 at the Palo Alto farm in California with the press present. The purpose of the exercise was to determine whether a running horse ever had all four legs lifted off the ground at once. The cameras were arranged along a track parallel to the horse's, and each of the camera shutters was controlled by a trip wire which was triggered by the horse's hooves. They were 21inches apart to cover the 20 feet taken by the horse stride, taking pictures at one thousandth of a second. Roundhay Garden Scene 1888, the first known celluloid film recorded. The second experimental film, Roundhay Garden Scene , filmed by Louis Le Prince on October 14, 1888 in Roundhay , Leeds , West Yorkshire , England , UK is now known as the earliest surviving motion picture. On June 21, 1889, William Friese-Greene was issued patent no. 10131 for his 'chronophotographic' camera. It was apparently capable of taking up to ten photographs per second using perforated celluloid film. A report on the camera was published in the British Photographic News on February 28, 1890. On 18 March, Friese-Greene sent a clipping of the story to Thomas Edison , whose laboratory had been developing a motion picture system known as the Kinetoscope . The report was reprinted in Scientific American on April 19. [7] Friese-Greene gave a public demonstration in 1890 but the low frame rate combined with the device's apparent unreliability failed to make an impression .
  • 5. Film business up to 1906 The first commercial exhibition of film took place on April 14, 1894 at the first Kinetoscope parlor ever built. However, it was clear that Edison originally intended to create a sound film system, which would not gain worldwide recognition until the release of The Jazz Singer in 1927. In 1896 it became clear that more money was to be made by showing motion picture films with a projector to a large audience than exhibiting them in Edison's Kinetoscope peep-show machines. The Edison company took up a projector developed by Armat and Jenkins, the “Phantoscope”, which was renamed the Vitascope, and it joined various projecting machines made by other people to show the 480mm. width films being made by the Edison company and others in France and the UK. However, the most successful motion picture company in the United States, with the largest production until 1900, was the American Mutoscope company. This was initially set up to exploit peep-show type movies using designs made by W.K.L. Dickson after he left the Edison company in 1895. His equipment used 70mm. wide film, and each frame was printed separately onto paper sheets for insertion into their viewing machine, called the Mutoscope . The image sheets stood out from the periphery of a rotating drum, and flipped into view in succession. Besides the Mutoscope, they also made a projector called the Biograph, which could project a continuous positive film print made from the same negatives. Film history from 1895 to 1906 The first eleven years of motion pictures show the cinema moving from a novelty to an established large-scale entertainment industry. The films themselves represent a movement from films consisting of one shot, completely made by one person with a few assistants, towards films several minutes long consisting of several shots, which were made by large companies in something like industrial conditions.
  • 6. Initially films were mostly shown as a novelty in special venues, but the main methods of exhibition quickly became either as an item on the programmes of variety theatres, or by traveling showman in tent theatres, which they took around the fairs in country towns. It became the practice for the producing companies to sell prints outright to the exhibitors, at so much per foot, regardless of the subject. Typical prices initially were 15 cents a foot in the United States, and one shilling a foot in Britain. Hand-coloured films, which were being produced of the most popular subjects before 1900, cost 2 to 3 times as much per foot. There were a few producers, such as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, which did not sell their films, but exploited them solely with their own exhibition units. The first successful permanent theatre showing nothing but films was “The Nickelodeon”, which was opened in Pittsburgh in 1905. By this date there were finally enough films several minutes long available to fill a programme running for at least half an hour, and which could be changed weekly when the local audience became bored with it. Other exhibitors in the United States quickly followed suit, and within a couple of years there were thousands of these nickelodeons in operation. The American situation led to a worldwide boom in the production and exhibition of films from 1906 onwards Film exhibition
  • 7.