Presentasi esai mgims
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This document summarizes maternal and child health in Indonesia, including progress toward achieving several Millennium Development Goals. It finds that while maternal mortality and child mortality rates have declined since 1990, disparities persist across regions and socioeconomic levels. Key factors influencing health outcomes include a mother's education, family income, access to skilled birth attendants and the healthcare system. Achieving further improvements will require addressing social determinants of health and reducing inequalities.
Presentasi esai mgims
- 1. Shela Putri Sundawa April 16th, 2012 Essay Presentation
- 2. THE STATE OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH TODAY
- 3. Maternal Mortality Rate Source: Trends in Maternal 228 in 2007 Mortality 1990 to 2008. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank. 2010
- 4. Child Mortality Rate 44 in 2007 Source: WHO 2008
- 5. MDGS INDONESIA PROGRESS AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
- 6. 8 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS eradicate extreme improve maternal poverty and health hunger achieve universal combat HIV/AIDS, malaria primary and other diseases education promote gender equality and ensure environmental empower women sustainability reduce child mortality develop a global partnership for development
- 7. Goal 4 Reduce Child Mortality Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate Trend of National Child Mortality 1991-2015 Source: Report on the Achievement of the Millenium Development Goals Indonesia 2010. Bappenas. 2010
- 8. Disparity in Child Health Disparities in neonatal, infant, and under five mortality rates by demography, as well as social and economic status remain major problem DI Yogyakarta Sulawesi Barat 22 96 Report on the Achievement of the Millenium Development Goals Indonesia 2010. Bappenas. 2010 Factors influence disparity in child mortality rate: Mothers education level Family income
- 9. Global Child Health and Disparity Under 5 mortality rate by wealth quantile and region of the world Source: equity, social determinants, and public health programmes. WHO. 2010.
- 10. Goal 5 Improve Maternal Health Target 5A Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Target 5B Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health
- 11. Maternal Health and Maternal Death Maternal Health is Health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period Maternal Death is Death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration or site of pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated or its management, but not from accidental causes WHO. Maternal Health. http://www.who.int/topics/maternal_health/en/
- 12. Trend of National Maternal Mortality 1991-2005 Source: Report on the Achievement of the Millenium Development Goals Indonesia 2010. Bappenas. 2010
- 13. Cause of Maternal Mortality Direct Haemorrhage resulting from obstetric Eclampsia complications of pregnant Cause state Unsafe abortion Sepsis Health care facility Resulting from previous Anemia Indirect existing disease, or diseasesChronic energy that developed Birth attendant during pregnancy due to Cause deficiency physiological effects of pregnancy Infectious disease
- 14. Birth Assisted by Skilled Provider Wide gap of disparity Total PHC 31.581 18 GP in 30% PHC, every 1 No GP 1 primary health care as km2 1 primary health care only wide as 960 in every 2 km2 km2 12.000 GP Source: Report on the Achievement of the Millenium Development Goals Indonesia 2010. Bappenas. 2010
- 15. Age Specific Fertility Rate for aged 15-19 is 35 births per 1000 married women (2007) declined from 67 births per 1000 married women (1991) Reflected: Disparity in knowledge The dispariy among region still wide and Lowest DI Yogtakarta ASFR : 7 Access of family planning Highest Sulawesi Tengah ASFR : 92 Higher in rural area and lower in urban area Source: Report on the Achievement of the Millenium Development Goals Indonesia 2010. Bappenas. 2010
- 16. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
- 17. What is Social Determinants of Health?
- 18. SDH and Health Inequities A toxic combination of bad policies, economics, and politics, is in large measure responsible for the inequalities in health that we see. - MICHAEL MARMOT, Head of WHO Commission of Social Determinants of Health
- 19. CLOSER THE GAP Social Health Inequities and Determinants disparities of Health Maternal and child health problem
- 20. Source: Ravi Narayan, SOCHARA, India
- 21. ACTION ON MATERNAL AND Living and working CHILD HEALTH Traditional conditions may include: birth Psychosocial factors Social-Ecological Models attendant Employment status and occupational factors Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation) The natural and built c Over the life span environments Public health services Health care services Primary health care Health insurance Dotted lines denote Health referral system Family Planning interaction effects between and among the various levels of health determinants Political IOM model of multiple determinants of health used to develop Action Model for Healthy People 2020. Dahlgren, G. (1995) commitment: Political European Health Policy Conference: Opportunities for the Future. Vol. 11 Intersectoral Action for Health. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe regional commitment: national
- 22. If medicine is to fulfill her great task, then she must enter the political and social life. Do we not always find the diseases of the populace traceable to defects in society? - Rudolf VIRCHOW FATHER OF SOCIAL MEDICINE
- 23. IDEAL HEALTH Alma Ata, 1978 REFERRAL Distance? Road? The International care Tertiary Conference on Primary Health SYSTEM consultant of Care calls for urgent action by all governments, Accesibility Obgyn, pediatric all health and development workers, and the Primary world community to protect and promote the Health Care Obgyn health of all the people of the world by the year Availability specialist, 2000.Secondary Carepediatrician Health care provider? Political General Global National commitment practicioners, midwives Primary Care Regional Traditional birth Pre-primary care attendant
- 24. OUR HEALTH REFERALL SYSTEM TERTIARY CARE ? SECONDARY CARE ? PRIMARY CARE
- 25. Too many, too close, too early, and too late pregnancies are a major cause of maternal , infant, and childhood mortality Solution: and morbidity Strengthen family planning city Declaration on Population and Mexico Development, August 1984
- 26. Ideas Strenghten family planning Make it accesible National Ministry of Health Reform the health referral system Form a national health insurance system Regulate well Ministry of distributed health Transportation care provider flow Provide adequate and cheap public Build the road, bridge transportation
- 27. Train Include them Local traditional in health birth referral attendants system Educate young Empower women in them to be Send local maternal and health students to Educate men child health watcher in study to be a about their matter community future health role care provider Counseling about marital age and contraception
- 28. What good does it do to treat peoples Illnesses... only to send them back to the conditions that made them sick?
- 29. HEALTH FOR ALL!
Editor's Notes
- #18: This diagram show you many aspect in ones life that can determine their health status and access to health care. Health is not only determined by what you eat or do. Health is also determined with social factor like shown in the diagram education, work environment, housing, etc. That is what it means with social determinants of health
- #20: So the idea of social determinants of health is to closer the gapMaternal and child health shows health inequitis and disparity