New concepts

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Climate change will significantly impact Dutch agriculture over the next century through increased salinization of soils from sea level rise, more heavy rains and floods, and drier summers. This presentation outlines concepts for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from Dutch agriculture to meet national goals. These concepts include using biogas from manure and waste, local energy webs, earth heat for greenhouses, clustering agricultural sectors in agroparks, carbon sequestration through biochar and algae, and using algae and biomass in optimal energy pyramids. While technical solutions show promise, policy instruments to fully implement these innovations are still needed.

1
Dr.ir. Jan de Wilt
Fachtagung Aktiver Klimaschutz und
Anpassung an den Klimawandel
Braunschweig, 15th June 2009
New concepts for agriculture
in relation to climate change
2
Content
1. InnovationNetwork
2. Effects of climate change on
agriculture in The Netherlands
3. Reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions from agriculture in NL
4. Conclusions
3
InnovationNetwork
• Develops and implements groundbreaking
innovations for agriculture and rural areas
• Funded by Ministry of Agriculture
• Budget € 4.5 million per year
• Evaluation every 5 years
4
2.
Effects of climate change in
The Netherlands
5 6
Salination of the soil due to
sea level rise over next 100 years

2
7
Saline agriculture
Zeekraal Lamsoor
8
The Netherlands: a river delta
9
More heavy rains and floods
Flooding of the river Maas in 1995
10
Making a flooding area for the river
Overdiepse Polder:
730 ha flooding area,
0,3 m lower water level
in river
11
Dry summers
12
Peatland areas …
Watermanagement
• Oxidation of peat
• CO2 emission

3
13
…changes to wetlands with nature,
recreation and extensive farming
14
Climate change and ecosystem
• Longer growing season
• Mismatches in breeding and flowering
• More exotic plants and animals
15
3.
Reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions
16
Goals of Dutch government
• 30% reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions in 2020 compared to 1990
• Increase in sustainable energy from
2% in 2008 to 20% in 2020
• Doubling of energy saving from 1%
to 2% per year
• 25-30 % less emissions of CH4 and
N20
17
Emissions of greenhouse
gases in Dutch agriculture
18
Main sources of greenhouse
gases in agriculture
• CO2: energy use (greenhouses)
• N2O: fertilizer, manure storage
• CH4: dairy cows, manure storage

4
19
Energy
from biogas
Drinking water
Waste
treatment
Cooling and
heating
Greenhouse as energy source
20
Local energy webs
21
Earth heat for greenhouses
~ 2,5 km
90 C 60 C
22
(Co-)digestion
Upcycling waste into:
• Biogas
• Electricity
• Heat
• CO2
• Biofertilizer
• Water
23 24
Clustering
of different agricultural sectors
with non-agricultural sectors
and re-/upcycling of waste streams
Industrial ecology
Agropark

5
25
Agropark in development
Arable farming
Pigs
Greenhouses Fish
AlgaeDigester
26
Agriculture in industrial estate
27
Carbon capture and sequestration
28
Biochar
Charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass
• Energy from biomass
• CO2 sequestration in the soil
• Positive agronomic and environmental
effects
29
Organic Carbon dioxide for
Assimilation of Plants (OCAP)
Shell provides CO2 for greenhouses
30
Biology of algae
• 6CO2+12H2O C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O
• Light
• Primairy nutrients (N, P, K)
• Heat
• Salt and sweet water

6
31
Powerplants and algae
NREL, 2007
32
Windpark
33
Bio-offshore park
34
Ecopyramid:
optimal use of biomass
35
Bioport: example Terneuzen
Starch and steam from Cargill go to Nedalco
36
Climate change: Policy
instruments in The Netherlands
• Economic instruments (subsidies, tax
profits, levies)
• Legislation / agreements
• Knowledge development
• CO2 emission trade

7
37
Conclusions
• Impact of climate change on Dutch
agriculture is significant
• Ambitious goals to reduce greenhouse
gases
• Technical solutions are promising
• Policy instruments not yet in place
38
Thank you
for your attention
j.g.de.wilt@innonet.agro.nl
www.innovatienetwerk.org

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New ideas for feeding cities in 2030Jan de Wilt

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The greenhouse factor: innovative concepts for feeding the cityJan de Wilt

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Transformative solutions for feeding people around the globeJan de Wilt

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Urban agriculture - A Dutch perspectiveJan de Wilt

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ECOFERM - The circular farmJan de Wilt

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New concepts

1. 1 Dr.ir. Jan de Wilt Fachtagung Aktiver Klimaschutz und Anpassung an den Klimawandel Braunschweig, 15th June 2009 New concepts for agriculture in relation to climate change 2 Content 1. InnovationNetwork 2. Effects of climate change on agriculture in The Netherlands 3. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in NL 4. Conclusions 3 InnovationNetwork • Develops and implements groundbreaking innovations for agriculture and rural areas • Funded by Ministry of Agriculture • Budget € 4.5 million per year • Evaluation every 5 years 4 2. Effects of climate change in The Netherlands 5 6 Salination of the soil due to sea level rise over next 100 years

2. 2 7 Saline agriculture Zeekraal Lamsoor 8 The Netherlands: a river delta 9 More heavy rains and floods Flooding of the river Maas in 1995 10 Making a flooding area for the river Overdiepse Polder: 730 ha flooding area, 0,3 m lower water level in river 11 Dry summers 12 Peatland areas … Watermanagement • Oxidation of peat • CO2 emission

3. 3 13 …changes to wetlands with nature, recreation and extensive farming 14 Climate change and ecosystem • Longer growing season • Mismatches in breeding and flowering • More exotic plants and animals 15 3. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions 16 Goals of Dutch government • 30% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 compared to 1990 • Increase in sustainable energy from 2% in 2008 to 20% in 2020 • Doubling of energy saving from 1% to 2% per year • 25-30 % less emissions of CH4 and N20 17 Emissions of greenhouse gases in Dutch agriculture 18 Main sources of greenhouse gases in agriculture • CO2: energy use (greenhouses) • N2O: fertilizer, manure storage • CH4: dairy cows, manure storage

4. 4 19 Energy from biogas Drinking water Waste treatment Cooling and heating Greenhouse as energy source 20 Local energy webs 21 Earth heat for greenhouses ~ 2,5 km 90 C 60 C 22 (Co-)digestion Upcycling waste into: • Biogas • Electricity • Heat • CO2 • Biofertilizer • Water 23 24 Clustering of different agricultural sectors with non-agricultural sectors and re-/upcycling of waste streams Industrial ecology Agropark

5. 5 25 Agropark in development Arable farming Pigs Greenhouses Fish AlgaeDigester 26 Agriculture in industrial estate 27 Carbon capture and sequestration 28 Biochar Charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass • Energy from biomass • CO2 sequestration in the soil • Positive agronomic and environmental effects 29 Organic Carbon dioxide for Assimilation of Plants (OCAP) Shell provides CO2 for greenhouses 30 Biology of algae • 6CO2+12H2O C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O • Light • Primairy nutrients (N, P, K) • Heat • Salt and sweet water

6. 6 31 Powerplants and algae NREL, 2007 32 Windpark 33 Bio-offshore park 34 Ecopyramid: optimal use of biomass 35 Bioport: example Terneuzen Starch and steam from Cargill go to Nedalco 36 Climate change: Policy instruments in The Netherlands • Economic instruments (subsidies, tax profits, levies) • Legislation / agreements • Knowledge development • CO2 emission trade

7. 7 37 Conclusions • Impact of climate change on Dutch agriculture is significant • Ambitious goals to reduce greenhouse gases • Technical solutions are promising • Policy instruments not yet in place 38 Thank you for your attention j.g.de.wilt@innonet.agro.nl www.innovatienetwerk.org

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