Presentation 1 (1) (4).pdf
- 1. Advanced ph onology Presented by Bisma Fiza Bibi Presented to Mam Fareeha
- 2. Intonation Unit and structure of intonation Function of intonation Acoustic properties of tone
- 3. Intonation WHATIS INTONATION 1. Intonation is a term used to refer to the distinctive use of different patterns of pitch that carry meaningfulinformation. 2.The kinds of pitch modulation which are found in whole utterances.Intonation contours can be used to highlight certain elements in an utterance, to bundle words together into information chunks,& to convey speaker's attitude to what he/she is saying.(Philip Carr,page#78)
- 4. Tone unit What is a tone unit? An utterance of one or more than one syllable It has a tonic syllable and a tonic stress Tonic stress A stress carried by tonic syllable Tonic syllable A syllable that carries a tone Is that you?
- 5. Structure of intonation The structure of intonation is composed of: 1.The head 2.The pre-head 3.The tail
- 6. Head All the part of the tone unit that extends from the first stressed syllable up to but not including the tonic syllable head tonic syllable Give me those
- 10. Types of tones 1.Fall rise tone( used for showing surprise) She has got an new car really! 2.Rise fall tone ( used for being impressed) Really she is very lucky 3.Rise tone ( used for questionswithout question words) Are the books on the table? He is very clever isn't he? 4.Falling tone ( use for statements andquestions) He is very old Whois the man?
- 11. There are four functions of intonation Attitudinal Function Accentual function Grammatical function Discourse function
- 12. Attitudinal function It is used to convey our feelings and attitudes. Same sentences can be said in different ways. Allow us to express anger, happiness, pain, irony and so on.
- 13. Types of attitudinal intonation 1.Fall rise intonation You may be right It's possible 2.Rise fall intonation It's impossible It's true 3.Rise intonation It won't hurt You will get it right 4.Falling intonation This is end of the news Stop talking
- 14. Accentual function The term refers to accent Some writers attach word accent to stress It implies that the placement of stress is somewhat determined by intonation Accentual function related to tonic syllable stress
- 15. Examples of accentual function 1.Represents normal placement 2. Represents contrastive in which any word can be tonic syllable She was wearing red dress She was wearing red dress . Place of tonic stress in other positions it may be emphatic or non-emphatic It was very boring It was very boring
- 16. Grammatical function Intonationdistinguishes different types of sentences. The use of a falling tone makes it a statement.Whereas, the rising tone turn it into a question. It also change their meaning because of their intonation. Intonationhelps identify grammatical structures in speech, rather as punctuation does in writing.We use intonationto mark the beginningand of grammaticalunits such as clause and sentence.
- 17. Examples of grammatical function Questions She came here, yesterday? You are eating ,mango? Statements She came here yesterday. You are eating mango. Open the door( command ) Wow its beautiful!( exclamation)
- 18. 3-Question- tags and Intonation a-They are coming tomorrow aren't they! (The falling tone indicates that the speaker is certain that the information is correct and simply expects the listener to provide confirmation) b-They are coming tomorrow aren't they (The rising tone indicates a lesser degree of certainty and the question-tag functions more like a request for information)
- 19. Discourse function Intonation can signal to the listener what is to be taken as new information and what is already given. It can indicate when the speaker is indicating some sort of contrast or link with material in another tone unit. In conversation it can convey to the listener what kind of response is being expected from him.
- 20. Discourse function of intonation covers 2 areas: 1.Attention focusing on information content: E .g I've got to take the dog for a walk I've got to take the dog to the vet 2. Regulation of conversational behavior:To mark the beginning and end of a turn last time I saw you I was on a diet The telephone's ringing. The kettle's boiling. -- Did you say a lighter shade? --No, a brighter shade.
- 21. Acoustic properties of tone : measured in Hertz, frequency is the pitch of a sound. There are low-frequency sounds such as frog horns, designed to travel far distances (since low frequency waves travel much further). High frequency noises such as whistles, however, are much more easily blocked.
- 22. Amplitude Amplitude (dB): measures how loud a sound is. Most complex sounds have differing amplitudes (or volumes) at various frequencies.The average volume at all of the frequencies is called dBA.
- 23. Duration/fluctuation some sounds can be much more annoying or distracting than others.This is often a product of its fluctuation. Just like how a fan can help you sleep at night, our ears adjust to noise levels over time. Quickly changing noise levels catch our attention.The more impulsive a noise is, the more problematic it often becomes.