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mohamed nurdin

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common cause of hearing loss in children. It occurs when fluid builds up behind the eardrum following an ear infection. Children aged 2 to 7 are most affected, with up to 30% experiencing OME at some point. Risk factors include infections, pressure changes in the middle ear, adenoid issues, and Down syndrome or cleft palate. OME causes mild to moderate conductive hearing loss which can impact speech development and school performance if left untreated for a long period of time.

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OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION
INCIDENCE AND AETIOLOGY OME IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN. PERSISTENT FLUID IN THE MIDDLE EAR IS COMMON FOLLOWING AN EPISODE OF ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA (AOM). MOST PARENTS WILL NOTICE THAT CHILDREN MAY BE SLIGHTLY DEAF FOR SEVERAL WEEKS AFTER AN EAR INFECTION. FLUID PERSISTING FOR MORE THAN 3 MONTHS IS PATHOLOGICAL AND IS TERMED OME. THE PREVALENCE OF OME IS HIGHEST IN CHILDREN FROM THE AGE OF ABOUT 2 TO 7 YEARS. UP TO 30% OF CHILDREN IN THIS AGE GROUP AT ANY ONE TIME MAY BE AFFECTED. OME IS MORE PREVALENT IN WINTER THAN SUMMER MONTHS. IT MAY BE CAUSED BY INFECTION, BUT PRESSURE CHANGES IN THE MIDDLE EAR ASSOCIATED WITH EUSTACHIAN TUBE DYSFUNCTION ARE ALSO IMPLICATED. THE ADENOIDS CAN HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE, EITHER BECAUSE OF INFECTION SPREADING FROM THE ADENOIDS INTO THE EAR VIA THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE OR BECAUSE THEY CONTRIBUTE TO EUSTACHIAN TUBE OBSTRUCTION AND PRESSURE CHANGES IN THE MIDDLE EAR. ANOTHER THEORY IS THAT THE ADENOIDS BECOME COATED WITH A MATRIX (BIOFILM) THAT IS RESISTANT TO THE IMMUNE DEFENCES AND TO ANTIBIOTICS AND CONTRIBUTES TO RECURRENT INFECTIONS IN THE EAR MUCOSA. CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND CLEFT PALATE ARE ESPECIALLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO OME.
EFFECTS CHILDREN WITH OME HAVE A MILD TO MODERATE CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS. IF THIS IS UNILATERAL IT CAUSES LITTLE IF ANY TROUBLE; IF IT IS BILATERAL AND PERSISTENT THE CHILD MAY START TO STRUGGLE IN SCHOOL. THE PARENTS WILL OFTEN NOTICE THAT THE CHILD TURNS THE TELEVISION UP LOUD AND IN PROLONGED CASES OME CAN INTERFERE WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH. CHILDREN MAY ALSO HAVE MILD EPISODES OF DIZZINESS AND CLUMSINESS. UNLESS THEY ALSO HAVE AOM THEY WILL NOT USUALLY HAVE PAIN. SOME CHILDREN MAY DEVELOP BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS AS A RESULT OF HEARING LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH OME.

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  • 1. OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION
  • 2. INCIDENCE AND AETIOLOGY OME IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN. PERSISTENT FLUID IN THE MIDDLE EAR IS COMMON FOLLOWING AN EPISODE OF ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA (AOM). MOST PARENTS WILL NOTICE THAT CHILDREN MAY BE SLIGHTLY DEAF FOR SEVERAL WEEKS AFTER AN EAR INFECTION. FLUID PERSISTING FOR MORE THAN 3 MONTHS IS PATHOLOGICAL AND IS TERMED OME. THE PREVALENCE OF OME IS HIGHEST IN CHILDREN FROM THE AGE OF ABOUT 2 TO 7 YEARS. UP TO 30% OF CHILDREN IN THIS AGE GROUP AT ANY ONE TIME MAY BE AFFECTED. OME IS MORE PREVALENT IN WINTER THAN SUMMER MONTHS. IT MAY BE CAUSED BY INFECTION, BUT PRESSURE CHANGES IN THE MIDDLE EAR ASSOCIATED WITH EUSTACHIAN TUBE DYSFUNCTION ARE ALSO IMPLICATED. THE ADENOIDS CAN HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE, EITHER BECAUSE OF INFECTION SPREADING FROM THE ADENOIDS INTO THE EAR VIA THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE OR BECAUSE THEY CONTRIBUTE TO EUSTACHIAN TUBE OBSTRUCTION AND PRESSURE CHANGES IN THE MIDDLE EAR. ANOTHER THEORY IS THAT THE ADENOIDS BECOME COATED WITH A MATRIX (BIOFILM) THAT IS RESISTANT TO THE IMMUNE DEFENCES AND TO ANTIBIOTICS AND CONTRIBUTES TO RECURRENT INFECTIONS IN THE EAR MUCOSA. CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND CLEFT PALATE ARE ESPECIALLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO OME.
  • 3. EFFECTS CHILDREN WITH OME HAVE A MILD TO MODERATE CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS. IF THIS IS UNILATERAL IT CAUSES LITTLE IF ANY TROUBLE; IF IT IS BILATERAL AND PERSISTENT THE CHILD MAY START TO STRUGGLE IN SCHOOL. THE PARENTS WILL OFTEN NOTICE THAT THE CHILD TURNS THE TELEVISION UP LOUD AND IN PROLONGED CASES OME CAN INTERFERE WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH. CHILDREN MAY ALSO HAVE MILD EPISODES OF DIZZINESS AND CLUMSINESS. UNLESS THEY ALSO HAVE AOM THEY WILL NOT USUALLY HAVE PAIN. SOME CHILDREN MAY DEVELOP BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS AS A RESULT OF HEARING LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH OME.