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Priyanka K
Priyanka K

The skin is the largest organ of the body, measuring around 2 square meters and weighing approximately 5 kilograms. It has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer made up of keratinocytes that turnover every 28 days on average. Below this is the dermis containing hair follicles, sweat glands, collagen, and elastin which provide strength and elasticity. The deepest layer is the subcutaneous tissue consisting primarily of fat cells that provide insulation and cushioning. Understanding the structure and function of the skin is essential for aesthetic medicine procedures.

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Skin and hair Anatomy American board of Aesthetic medicine.
Skin structure and function. Largest and heaviest organ in the body. 2 m square. Weighs. 5 kg. 1-4 mm thickness.
Skin structure and function Protection barrier against envoirnment. Barrier against dehydration. Body temperature regulation. Vit D production. Cutaneous sensation.
Skin structure and function. Familiarity with skin structure and function is essential for aesthetic medicine. Basic structure, epidermis, dermis and sub cutaneous.
Epidermis Outer most layer of skin. Cells continuously dividing at the base, nasal cell. Older cells pushed towards surface by newer to surface layer, keratinocytes layer. Keratinous layer shed.
Epidermis 70-1400 um thick, def 1 mm = 1000mm. Average 200-400 um, overall. Palm 800um. Sole 1000-1400um.
Epidermis 15-20 tightly packed layers. Mostly keratinocytes, squamous cells. The outer keratinocytes layer is also known as the horny layer, because the cells are tough like an animals horn. Average skin turnover 28 days.
Epidermis Melanocytes Produce melanin. Melanin incorporated into keratinocytes. 1/10 cells in basal layer is melanocytes. Skin color determine by activities of melanocytes not number of melanocytes. Langerhans cells, immune system.
Dermis Thicker than epidermis. Made of collagen and elastin. Proteins in fibrous form. Intertwined to produce elasticity and strength. Elastin fibers are thinner, responsible for elasticity. Sun exposure and aging, damage elastin, loose, wrinkle skin.
Dermis 1000-2000 um thick. Average 1000um overall. Eyelid 600 um. Sole 3000um or more.
Dermis 2 layers. Papillary layer. Capillaries, nerve endings, meisners corpuscle, for light touch. Reticular layer, connective tissue, collagen, hair follicle, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, nerve endings, capillaries, pacinian corpuscles, deep pressure.
Dermis Hair Primary function is protection. Decrease heat loss. Protection of scalp against sun. Filter particles. Protects against dust, brow and lashes.
Dermis Hair Shape of shaft determines curlyness. Round shaft straight hair. Oval shaft curly hair.
Dermis Hair All areas of body except palm, sole, lip and knuckles. Shaft or body, elongated part growing from dermis to outside skin. Follicle root, ability for rapid replication. New cells pushed in vertical alignment. Cells die as moving upward, hard keratin.
Dermis Hair growth 3 phases. Anagen, growth laser hair removal. Catagen, transition. Telogen rest.
Sub cutis. Below dermis. Mostly fat cells. Cushions inner organs. Insulation. Distribution of fat, hereditary and with diet and physical activities.
Subcutis Groups of fat cells separated by collagen fibers partition. Cellulite fibrous bands attached to deep fascia insert into undersurface of skin to fat surrounding the tethering protrude upon standing up. Estrogen appears have an effect. Pregnancy, birth control and nursing.
Aging Natural aging, chronological aging. Loses turbot, sub stance and form. Muscles pulling on collagen constantly. Degeneration of collagen and elastin fibers. Thinning of skin, flattening of dermis and epidermis junction, decrease thickness of epidermis.
Aging Chronological aging, Smoking bring on earlier vasoconstriction. Genetic factors, innate durability, Asian, Hispanic, etc, anyone with darker skin. Thicker skin wrinkle less.
Aging Gravity. Upon standing everything moves downward. Upper eyelids fall. Cheeks move downwards. Tip of nose down to ground. Upper lips get smaller, folds into mouth. Lines forms at chin demarcation. Ears get longer.
Aging Photodamage 80% of aging. Look at top of hands and feet. Fine lines. Coarse skin. Uneven skin tone.
Classi鍖cation of skin types Fitzpatricks classification of skin type. Provides indications of potential for PIH upon dermal or epidermal injury. Response to erythema producing dose of ultraviolet lights.
Classi鍖cation of skin types Type 1: very white or freckled. Always burns. Type 2: White and usually burns. Type 3: white to olive, sometimes burns. Type4: brown and rarely burns. Type5: dark brown and very rarely burns. Type6 : black and never burns.
Classi鍖cation of skin types Treatment response determines by Fitzpatrick skin types. Degree of photo damage present. Type1 to 3 can tolerate more epidermal and dermal damage with minimal PIH. Type 4 -5, have higher risk of PIH.

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Presentation

  • 1. Skin and hair Anatomy American board of Aesthetic medicine.
  • 2. Skin structure and function. Largest and heaviest organ in the body. 2 m square. Weighs. 5 kg. 1-4 mm thickness.
  • 3. Skin structure and function Protection barrier against envoirnment. Barrier against dehydration. Body temperature regulation. Vit D production. Cutaneous sensation.
  • 4. Skin structure and function. Familiarity with skin structure and function is essential for aesthetic medicine. Basic structure, epidermis, dermis and sub cutaneous.
  • 5. Epidermis Outer most layer of skin. Cells continuously dividing at the base, nasal cell. Older cells pushed towards surface by newer to surface layer, keratinocytes layer. Keratinous layer shed.
  • 6. Epidermis 70-1400 um thick, def 1 mm = 1000mm. Average 200-400 um, overall. Palm 800um. Sole 1000-1400um.
  • 7. Epidermis 15-20 tightly packed layers. Mostly keratinocytes, squamous cells. The outer keratinocytes layer is also known as the horny layer, because the cells are tough like an animals horn. Average skin turnover 28 days.
  • 8. Epidermis Melanocytes Produce melanin. Melanin incorporated into keratinocytes. 1/10 cells in basal layer is melanocytes. Skin color determine by activities of melanocytes not number of melanocytes. Langerhans cells, immune system.
  • 9. Dermis Thicker than epidermis. Made of collagen and elastin. Proteins in fibrous form. Intertwined to produce elasticity and strength. Elastin fibers are thinner, responsible for elasticity. Sun exposure and aging, damage elastin, loose, wrinkle skin.
  • 10. Dermis 1000-2000 um thick. Average 1000um overall. Eyelid 600 um. Sole 3000um or more.
  • 11. Dermis 2 layers. Papillary layer. Capillaries, nerve endings, meisners corpuscle, for light touch. Reticular layer, connective tissue, collagen, hair follicle, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, nerve endings, capillaries, pacinian corpuscles, deep pressure.
  • 12. Dermis Hair Primary function is protection. Decrease heat loss. Protection of scalp against sun. Filter particles. Protects against dust, brow and lashes.
  • 13. Dermis Hair Shape of shaft determines curlyness. Round shaft straight hair. Oval shaft curly hair.
  • 14. Dermis Hair All areas of body except palm, sole, lip and knuckles. Shaft or body, elongated part growing from dermis to outside skin. Follicle root, ability for rapid replication. New cells pushed in vertical alignment. Cells die as moving upward, hard keratin.
  • 15. Dermis Hair growth 3 phases. Anagen, growth laser hair removal. Catagen, transition. Telogen rest.
  • 16. Sub cutis. Below dermis. Mostly fat cells. Cushions inner organs. Insulation. Distribution of fat, hereditary and with diet and physical activities.
  • 17. Subcutis Groups of fat cells separated by collagen fibers partition. Cellulite fibrous bands attached to deep fascia insert into undersurface of skin to fat surrounding the tethering protrude upon standing up. Estrogen appears have an effect. Pregnancy, birth control and nursing.
  • 18. Aging Natural aging, chronological aging. Loses turbot, sub stance and form. Muscles pulling on collagen constantly. Degeneration of collagen and elastin fibers. Thinning of skin, flattening of dermis and epidermis junction, decrease thickness of epidermis.
  • 19. Aging Chronological aging, Smoking bring on earlier vasoconstriction. Genetic factors, innate durability, Asian, Hispanic, etc, anyone with darker skin. Thicker skin wrinkle less.
  • 20. Aging Gravity. Upon standing everything moves downward. Upper eyelids fall. Cheeks move downwards. Tip of nose down to ground. Upper lips get smaller, folds into mouth. Lines forms at chin demarcation. Ears get longer.
  • 21. Aging Photodamage 80% of aging. Look at top of hands and feet. Fine lines. Coarse skin. Uneven skin tone.
  • 22. Classi鍖cation of skin types Fitzpatricks classification of skin type. Provides indications of potential for PIH upon dermal or epidermal injury. Response to erythema producing dose of ultraviolet lights.
  • 23. Classi鍖cation of skin types Type 1: very white or freckled. Always burns. Type 2: White and usually burns. Type 3: white to olive, sometimes burns. Type4: brown and rarely burns. Type5: dark brown and very rarely burns. Type6 : black and never burns.
  • 24. Classi鍖cation of skin types Treatment response determines by Fitzpatrick skin types. Degree of photo damage present. Type1 to 3 can tolerate more epidermal and dermal damage with minimal PIH. Type 4 -5, have higher risk of PIH.