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Presentation 4 mudlogging

Ali Trichelli
Ali Trichelli

The fourth presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.

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OPERATIONS GEOLOGY PRESENTATIONS Presentation 4: Basic Mudlogging 14 October 2016Ali Trichelli
Legend Introduction Inside the Mudlogging Unit Main Mudlogging Services Major Responsibilities of the Mudloggers Lag Time Determination Typical Monitored Parameters Standard Mudlogging Sensors The Gas System Real Time Data Display & Transmission Deliverables of the Mudlogging Contractor Issues with Mudlogging
Introduction Mud logging is a standard practice during drilling operations and is important for documenting the geology of a well. Drilling mud and drill bit cuttings from the formation are evaluated and their properties recorded on a mudlog as a visual analytical tool. Preserving and storing the rock cuttings and mud samples is normal procedure. From the cuttings, an oil stain or odor may be detected and becomes an excellent qualitative indicator. Continuous record of drilling parameters (penetration rate ROP, weight on bit WOB, rotation per minute RPM, torque, etc) and hydrocarbon shows is also provided.
Inside the Mudlogging Unit
The Mudlogging Services
Major Responsibilities of the Mudlogging Contractor Data Collection: recording the geological (cutting samples examination, lithological description & hydrocarbon shows evaluation) and engineering data (Lag time, depth & ROP, WOB, RPM, etc) obtained while drilling Data Evaluation: interpretation of the acquired data Communication: informing the client in a timely manner of significant changes in the well, by means of immediate verbal communication and by standard written reports
Lag Time Determination
Typical Drilling Parameters Monitored by the Mudlogging Contractor
Standard Mudlogging Sensors Drawwork Sensor: Bit position, depth ROP Hook Position Sensor: Bit position, depth ROP Pump Stroke Sensor: Pump strokes, RPM, cement pump Hook Load Sensor: WHO, WOB Rotary Torque Sensor Pressure Sensor: SPP, Cement unit & casing pressures Gas Sensor: Explosive gas detection Pit Level Sensors: Pit volumes Density Sensor
The Gas System TG & Gas Chromatograph Gas Trap Hydrogen Generator Gas Trap: a metal box immersed in the shale shaker possum belly, preferably in a location of maximum mudflow rate The sample gas is introduced into a hydrogen flame. Any hydrocarbons in the sample will produce ions when they are burnt and will be recorded by the TG & gas chromatograph
Real Time Data Display & Transmission
Deliverables of the Mudlogging Contractor Mudlogs, gas logs, drilling logs, pressure logs Reports (daily, weekly, final) Gas Log Pressure Log Mud Log
Issues The depth that the rock cuttings originated from is not always 100% accurate. Calculations can be made that determine the time it takes for the drill cutting to reach the surface, this is called lag time. Some assumption have to be made in the calculations because not all rock cuttings are the same size and density and the hole may not be gauged so there can be some error in calculating the depth that the cuttings originated from. A small degree of mixing occurs in the mud before it reaches the surface, so the rock cuttings in a particular sample may a mixture of cuttings from a range of depths. Contamination can sometimes be a problem when making interpretations of samples. There can be metal contaminates in the drilling mud from fragments of the drill bit or drill string. Cement from well casings may get into the drilling mud. Sometimes different materials may be mixed into the drill mud to help loss of circulation and these can sometimes be misinterpreted as mica flakes, calcium carbonate, or various other minerals.
Next Presentation Drilling Mud Drilling Mud Circulating System Drilling Mud Types Drilling Mud Functions Drilling Mud Properties & Additives Drilling Mud Tests

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Presentation 4 mudlogging

  • 1. OPERATIONS GEOLOGY PRESENTATIONS Presentation 4: Basic Mudlogging 14 October 2016Ali Trichelli
  • 2. Legend Introduction Inside the Mudlogging Unit Main Mudlogging Services Major Responsibilities of the Mudloggers Lag Time Determination Typical Monitored Parameters Standard Mudlogging Sensors The Gas System Real Time Data Display & Transmission Deliverables of the Mudlogging Contractor Issues with Mudlogging
  • 3. Introduction Mud logging is a standard practice during drilling operations and is important for documenting the geology of a well. Drilling mud and drill bit cuttings from the formation are evaluated and their properties recorded on a mudlog as a visual analytical tool. Preserving and storing the rock cuttings and mud samples is normal procedure. From the cuttings, an oil stain or odor may be detected and becomes an excellent qualitative indicator. Continuous record of drilling parameters (penetration rate ROP, weight on bit WOB, rotation per minute RPM, torque, etc) and hydrocarbon shows is also provided.
  • 6. Major Responsibilities of the Mudlogging Contractor Data Collection: recording the geological (cutting samples examination, lithological description & hydrocarbon shows evaluation) and engineering data (Lag time, depth & ROP, WOB, RPM, etc) obtained while drilling Data Evaluation: interpretation of the acquired data Communication: informing the client in a timely manner of significant changes in the well, by means of immediate verbal communication and by standard written reports
  • 8. Typical Drilling Parameters Monitored by the Mudlogging Contractor
  • 9. Standard Mudlogging Sensors Drawwork Sensor: Bit position, depth ROP Hook Position Sensor: Bit position, depth ROP Pump Stroke Sensor: Pump strokes, RPM, cement pump Hook Load Sensor: WHO, WOB Rotary Torque Sensor Pressure Sensor: SPP, Cement unit & casing pressures Gas Sensor: Explosive gas detection Pit Level Sensors: Pit volumes Density Sensor
  • 10. The Gas System TG & Gas Chromatograph Gas Trap Hydrogen Generator Gas Trap: a metal box immersed in the shale shaker possum belly, preferably in a location of maximum mudflow rate The sample gas is introduced into a hydrogen flame. Any hydrocarbons in the sample will produce ions when they are burnt and will be recorded by the TG & gas chromatograph
  • 11. Real Time Data Display & Transmission
  • 12. Deliverables of the Mudlogging Contractor Mudlogs, gas logs, drilling logs, pressure logs Reports (daily, weekly, final) Gas Log Pressure Log Mud Log
  • 13. Issues The depth that the rock cuttings originated from is not always 100% accurate. Calculations can be made that determine the time it takes for the drill cutting to reach the surface, this is called lag time. Some assumption have to be made in the calculations because not all rock cuttings are the same size and density and the hole may not be gauged so there can be some error in calculating the depth that the cuttings originated from. A small degree of mixing occurs in the mud before it reaches the surface, so the rock cuttings in a particular sample may a mixture of cuttings from a range of depths. Contamination can sometimes be a problem when making interpretations of samples. There can be metal contaminates in the drilling mud from fragments of the drill bit or drill string. Cement from well casings may get into the drilling mud. Sometimes different materials may be mixed into the drill mud to help loss of circulation and these can sometimes be misinterpreted as mica flakes, calcium carbonate, or various other minerals.
  • 14. Next Presentation Drilling Mud Drilling Mud Circulating System Drilling Mud Types Drilling Mud Functions Drilling Mud Properties & Additives Drilling Mud Tests