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Presentation of data

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Kanwal Shahbaz
Kanwal Shahbaz

This document discusses classification of data and tabulation. It defines classification as dividing data into manageable parts according to timeline, location, or other criteria. Classification can be simple, using one criterion, or manifold/cross using several criteria. Tabulation is the systematic presentation of classified data in rows and columns. There are different types of tables including general purpose primary tables containing maximum information and specific purpose derived tables with precise information. The document outlines parts of a table and principles for clear and readable tabulation.

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BS 1 Kanwal Shahbaz FURC
Classification of data (Why) To divide the data in manageable parts To divide it according to time line To divide the data according to location To interpret smoothly
Assorting of data into homogenous groups /classes on the basis of its similarity or dissimilarity.
Simple classification Involves one criteria only E.g. To find overeating behavior among students before exam activity. I am not measuring, age, class, sex, family income, socio economic status..etc..
Two way classification Data assorted on two criteria To find overeating behavior among students of low and high family incomes before exam activity I am not measuring, age, class, sex, socio economic status..etc..
Manifold/cross classification Several criteria To explore the overeating behavior among students of low and high family incomes before exam activity through demographic variables. I am measuring, age, class, sex, family income, socio economic status..etc..
distribution arrangement of data according to the values of a variable characteristics is called distribution Geographical : location wise Temporal: Time series Qualitative: without numbers
Aims of classification
Basic principles of classification Mutually exclusive Classes must be inclusive Conventional classification (common ordinary) Classification must not be elaborate
Tabulation systematic presentation of classified data into rows and columns with suitable heads /sub heads
Types of tables Purpose orientated General purpose (primary tables) Large in size, contains maximum of the information Specific purpose (derived/text ) Very precise tables containing particular information Single, double or manifold tabulation
Single tabulation
Double tabulation No. of children age sex 7 6 Male 9 6 Female 15 6 Male total
Manifold Tabulation
Parts of a table According to APA 6 1. Title 2. Box head 3. The stub 4. The body 5. The prefatory notes 6. Footnotes 7. sources
Presentation of data
How the tables must appear Should be simple and readable Units should be purposeful
To do next Class limits Class boundaries Class mark Class width Constructing an grouped frequency distribution

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Presentation of data

  • 2. Classification of data (Why) To divide the data in manageable parts To divide it according to time line To divide the data according to location To interpret smoothly
  • 3. Assorting of data into homogenous groups /classes on the basis of its similarity or dissimilarity.
  • 4. Simple classification Involves one criteria only E.g. To find overeating behavior among students before exam activity. I am not measuring, age, class, sex, family income, socio economic status..etc..
  • 5. Two way classification Data assorted on two criteria To find overeating behavior among students of low and high family incomes before exam activity I am not measuring, age, class, sex, socio economic status..etc..
  • 6. Manifold/cross classification Several criteria To explore the overeating behavior among students of low and high family incomes before exam activity through demographic variables. I am measuring, age, class, sex, family income, socio economic status..etc..
  • 7. distribution arrangement of data according to the values of a variable characteristics is called distribution Geographical : location wise Temporal: Time series Qualitative: without numbers
  • 9. Basic principles of classification Mutually exclusive Classes must be inclusive Conventional classification (common ordinary) Classification must not be elaborate
  • 10. Tabulation systematic presentation of classified data into rows and columns with suitable heads /sub heads
  • 11. Types of tables Purpose orientated General purpose (primary tables) Large in size, contains maximum of the information Specific purpose (derived/text ) Very precise tables containing particular information Single, double or manifold tabulation
  • 13. Double tabulation No. of children age sex 7 6 Male 9 6 Female 15 6 Male total
  • 15. Parts of a table According to APA 6 1. Title 2. Box head 3. The stub 4. The body 5. The prefatory notes 6. Footnotes 7. sources
  • 17. How the tables must appear Should be simple and readable Units should be purposeful
  • 18. To do next Class limits Class boundaries Class mark Class width Constructing an grouped frequency distribution