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This document provides information about a 55-year-old female patient named Fekrat Ahmad who is being evaluated for a hernia. It defines a hernia as an abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a muscle or surrounding wall. It then discusses the causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, medical and nursing management of hernias. The goal is to identify the type and severity of the hernia in this patient and provide appropriate treatment.
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A hernia is a condition characterized by the protrusion of organs or tissues through a weakened abdominal wall, with common symptoms including visible bulges, pain, and gastrointestinal issues. There are several types of hernias, such as inguinal, femoral, umbilical, incisional, and hiatal, each with distinct characteristics and risk factors. Treatment typically involves surgical repair, with nursing care plans focusing on pain management, education regarding postoperative care, and prevention of complications.Your child's healthcare provider can diagnose a hernia by doing a physical ex...
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- A hernia is a bulge or protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding wall of its containing cavity.
- Hernias are classified by their location, such as inguinal, femoral, umbilical, incisional and hiatal hernias.
- They can be caused by congenital weakness, increased abdominal pressure from lifting, straining or obesity.
- Symptoms include a bulge or swelling, pain that intensifies with coughing or straining.
- Treatment involves monitoring, use of a truss,Hernia
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Anatomy of the Larynx
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| **Lateral cricoarytenoid** | Adducts vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Transverse & oblique arytenoids** | Closes the posterior glottis | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
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Presentation.pptx
- 2. Out line: 1. General information 2. Case 3. Difinition and causes 4. Signs and symptom 5. Diagnostic 6. Medical management 7. Nursing management
- 3. General information Name :Fekrat Ahmad Femal 55year wight:55kg Hight:150cm
- 4. Hernia A hernia occurs when an internal part of the bod pushes through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall. A hernia usually develops between your chest and hips. In many cases, it causes no or very few symptoms, although you may notice a swelling or lump in your tummy (abdomen) or groin. The lump can often be pushed back in or disappears when you lie down. Coughing or straining may make the lump appear.
- 5. Difinition and causes Difinition : it is the abnormal protrusion of aviscuss outside its cavity 1. Aviscuss is any large interior organ in any of great body cavity Causes: 1. Weakening or defect in the muscle 2. Increase intra abdominal pressure
- 6. Its classification according the location 1. Inguinal 2. Umbilical 3. Incesio al (ventral) 4. -hiatal-hernia According the severity : 1. Reducible 2. Irreducible 3. Strangulated
- 7. Other types of hernia 1. incisional hernias where tissue pokes through a surgical wound in your tummy that has not fully healed 2. epigastric hernias where fatty tissue pokes through your tummy, between your belly button and the lower part of your breastbone 3. muscle hernias 4. diaphragmatic hernias where organs in your tummy move into your chest through an opening in the diaphragm; this can also affect babies if their diaphragm does not develop properly in the womb
- 8. How common are hernias? 1. 75 to 80% are inguinal or femoral. 2. 2% are incisional or ventral. 3. 3 to 10% are umbilical, affecting 10 to 20% of newborns; most close by 4. 1 to 3% are other types.
- 9. Signs and symptoms Chest pain Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Fever Shortness of breath Inability to defecate or pass gas A feeling of burning or pain at the site of the bulge
- 10. Diagnostic : X-ray studies Barium swallow ultrasound-scan Fluoroscopy
- 11. Surgery for a hernia 1. open surgery where a cut is made to allow the surgeon to push the lump back into the tummy 2. Laparoscopy surgery
- 12. Risk factors for the development of a hernia include Smoking Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease Obesity Pregnancy Peritoneal_dialysis Collagen_vascular_disease Appendectomy
- 13. Medical management Management for an axial hernia includes frequent ,small feedings The patient is advised not to recline for 1hours after eating ,to prevent reflux or movement of the hernia Elevate the head of the bed on 4-to8-inch Surgery is indicated in about 15% of patient People with paraesophageal hernias my require emergency surgery to correct torsion (twisting)of the stomach or other body organ
- 14. Nursing management 1. Administer pain relieving medication 2. Advice patient to avoiding lifting heavy objects 3. Encourage patient to lose weight 4. Observe patient for abdominal pain in the region of hernia and swelling
- 15. term and long term goal Subject Data: Abdominal pain Constipation retake obstruction of in testinal flow by protuion of organ throug the abdominal Glient mantanis regular bowel pattern with absence or hard dry bloody stools Assess the cause duration of conustipion To identify the cause 8severity and provide interventions accerdingly Client constipation was replied as evidenced by regular bowel pattern and passing stool with hout discomfort Flatulense Indigestion Monitor the bowel sounds provide test feeds To identify the clients tolerances to food
- 16. Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Planning Inerventions Rationale Evaluation Subjective Data: May sugatako as verbalised by the pt Im pared skin lrtegrlty retated to response secondary to. Inlection Wound is less than 5mm in diameter Assessed skin noted Color turgort and observed changes Establishes comparative baseline providing opportunity for timely intervention Several wounds have dried up Objective Data: Wound is 5mm in dianetel Absence of redness of erythema Demons trated good skin hygien wash thorougly and pat drycarefuly Maintaining clean dry skin provides batter to infective patting skin dry instead of reduces risk Minimized erythema