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Prewar report

Gerson Abesamis
Gerson Abesamis

This document provides an overview of pre-war Filipino cinema from 1919-1941. It discusses the historical context of the Philippines during this time period, the rise of the film studio system, key filmmakers and their works, common themes and aesthetics in pre-war films, and the distribution and reception of films. Major studios like Sampaguita Pictures and LVN Pictures emerged which helped develop stars and standardized film production similar to Hollywood. Films often drew from local literary works, history, and genres like sarswela but lacked sophisticated cinematic techniques. They were popular among Filipino audiences seeking entertainment and expression of nationalism.

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PINOY PRE-WAR CINEMA Filipinizing Cinema and the Rise of the Studios (1919-1941)
Report Outline Historical context Filmmaking during the era Pre-war film aesthetics and themes Distribution and audience reception
1919-1941: HOW WAS THE COUNTRY DURING THIS TIME PERIOD?
After the Filipinos lost the war to the Americans in 1901, we did not really stop fighting for their independence.
Prewar report
Prewar report
Prewar report
Prewar report
1919-1935
Hare-Hawes Cutting Law: 1932 Tydings McDuffie Law: 1935
1935-1941 COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES PRESIDENT MANUEL L. QUEZON
FILMMAKING DURING THE ERA
Film Production 1929 - 7 films were made 1930 - 9 films were made 1931 - 9 films were made 1932 - the last year of the silents, 25 films were made Pre-war - over fifty Films were produced each year. During the war- more than sixty films were produced a year
Factors Responsible for the Increase in Film Production Jose Nepomuceno was producing a film almost every two months Filipinos who left the country to visit or work in Hollywood returned home and established their own film companies Manilas elite ventured into the film industry knowing it was a lucrative investment Some Americans escaped the great depression in the U.S. by undertaking filmmaking in the Philippines
Pre-war Cinema Pioneers Jose Nepomuceno established Malayan Pictures in 1917 and made the first Filipino film, Dalagang Bukid (1919) Vincente Salumbides established Salumbides Film ! ! ! Company in 1927, some of his films include Miracles of Love (1926), Fate or Consequence, The Soul Saver, Ibong Adarna (1941) Julian Manansala is known for his nationalist films, pioneered Banahaw Pictures in 1929, among the films he made were Patria Amore (1929), Dimasalang (1930)
First Filmmakers Octavio Silos - Tunay na Ina (1939), Pakiusap (1940) Carlos Vander Tolosa - Giliw Ko (1939) Gerardo de Leon - Bahay Kubo (1938), Ang Maestra (1941) Lamberto Avellana - Sakay (1939) Manuel Conde - Sawing Gantimpala (1939) Ramon Estella - Bayan at Pag-ibig (1938), Huling Habilin (1940) Gregorio Fernandez - Azahar at Kabaong (1937), Se単orita (1940) Brigida Perez Villanueva - first woman filmmaker
Prewar report
Prewar report
Prewar report
Prewar report
Prewar report
Prewar report
The Studio System paved the way for discovery and development of filmmakers and actors studios patterned its mode of production after Hollywood the system was departmentalized contract stars were signed up each studio had a distinct quality on its movies
First Philippine Film Studios Filippine Films, 1933 established by Eddie Tait & George Harris Ang mga Ulila (1933), Mag-inang Mahirap (1934) Parlatone Hispano-Filipino, 1934 Jose Nepomuceno reorganized Malayan Pictures into Parlatone Hispano- Filipino its first film was Diwata ng Karagatan
First Philippine Film Studios Excelsior Pictures, 1937 founded by Don Ramon Araneta considered the most modern studio at the time Ang Maya was its first film Sampaguita Pictures, 1937 established by Jose O. Vera; his children took positions in the family company including matriarch Dolores Honorado Vera, or famously known as Mommy Vera known for having melodramatic movies and films that centered on family values its first film, Bituing Marikit was a huge success
First Philippine Film Studios LVN Pictures, 1938 formed by three friends, Do単a Narcisa Sisang de Leon, Carmen Villongco, and Eleuterio Navoa known for having comedies and musicals its maiden film, Giliw Ko (1939) was a box office hit
First Philippine Film Studios XOtic Films, 1941 Jose Nepomuceno, after having been ousted from Parlatone in 1936, resurfaced with XOtic films in 1939 with co- founders Jesus Cacho and Julian Salgado its first production was Punit na Bandila the company would later be reorganized into Movietec after the war Other studios: Cervantina Filipina Corporation Del Monte Pictures Waling-Waling Pictures Acu単a-Zaldarriaga Productions and many others
Advent of Sound in Film The Talkies Newspaper advertisements heralded the talking and singing features which signaled the advent of sound technology The first picture with sound reached Manila in 1910, using the Chronophone.
Advent of Sound in Film By1930, the talking pictures was already one year old in the country with the showing of Syncopation, this was achieved by synchronizing phonograph records with the film. Jose Domingos Collegian Love (1930) was considered the first Filipino sound production The first film made in the Philippines to feature optically recorded sound was George Mussers Ang Aswang (1933)
Other early films to feature sound was Jose Nepomucenos Ang Punyal na Ginto and Makata at Paraluman
PRE-WAR CINEMA THEMES AND AESTHETICS
Content and Themes Sarswela and Komedya Philippine Literature and History Socio-political issues Exotic Philippines Hollywood Genres
Sarswela and Komedya one act, melodramatic operas popular, readily marketable ready materials themes of good vs. bad middle-class, rural stories
Octavio Silos Tunay na Ina
Carlos Vander Tolossas Giliw Ko
Carlos Vander Tolossas Giliw Ko
Jose Nepomucenos Dalagang 京顎一庄糸
Philippine Literature and History Jose Rizals life and works authors novels, short stories, poems historical events, revolution Lamberto Avellanas Sakay
Jose Nepomucenos Noli Me Tangere
Vicente Salumbides Ibong 粥糸温姻稼温
Vicente Salumbides Florante at Laura
Prewar report
Socio-Political Issues nationalistic themes anti-Spanish, anti-establishment very few films, almost censored Julian Manansalas Patria Amore
Exotic Philippines native culture of indigenous people featured different customs and traditions Eduardo de Castros Zamboanga
Ramon Estrellas Paraiso
Consuelo Osorios Perlas na Itim
Prewar report
Hollywood Genres categorization of films into Hollywood film genres first horror films Jose Nepomucenos Tiyanak and Mang Tano: Nuno ng mga Aswang
Aesthetics and Styles Cinema heavily borrowed from the traditions of drama and theater.
Lacked Film Language shot selection and shot sizes cutting, editing, montage screen direction, 180-degree rule
Basic Camerawork camera movements were present, but not fully utilized static camera straight-on, eye-level angles long shots and takes
Theatrical Direction and Acting big movements exaggerated acting big facial expressions
Silent-film-like Make up visible traces of expressionist, exaggerated facial features
Script and Story talky narration poetic dialogue arbitrary happy ending loose plot
Catholic Imagery in the Mise-en-scene saints churches crucifix altars priests prayers
Prewar report
DISTRIBUTION AND AUDIENCE RECEPTION
Language
As of December 31 1929, 66,000 readers of Spanish newpapers/publications 36,000 readers of English newpapers/publications 62,000 readers of Tagalog newpapers/publications
! ! Lobo del monte (Mountain Wolf) / Gratitude de un joven (Young Mans Gratitude)
In 1931, 181 films had English titles 34 were in Spanish 1 title was Tagalog
Jose Nepomucenos Punyal na Ginto
Film Culture native filmmakers grabbed the opportunity of expressing their anti-Spanish sentiments escapist entertainment film fascinated Filipinos and it easily became the most popular medium influenced by culture, politics, business, and development of language
Market Competition
1933: Star System became more apparent
! Mary Walter
! Gregorio Fernandez
Nick Deocampo. Cine: Spanish Influences on Early Cinema in the Philippines. Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts. 2003 Sotto, Agustin L. Pelikula II. Philippine Film 1897-1960. Manila: Cultural Center of the Philippines, 1992. Del Mundo, Clodualdo Jr., 1998. Notes on the Approaches to Teaching Film. In Humanities: Art & Society. Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education. Flores, Patrick D. 1998. Philippine Cinema and Society. In Humanities: Art & Society. Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education Arsenio "Boots" Bautista, "History of Philippine Cinema" http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/ article.php?i=115&igm=1. Accessed December 5, 2010.

More Related Content

Prewar report

  • 1. PINOY PRE-WAR CINEMA Filipinizing Cinema and the Rise of the Studios (1919-1941)
  • 2. Report Outline Historical context Filmmaking during the era Pre-war film aesthetics and themes Distribution and audience reception
  • 3. 1919-1941: HOW WAS THE COUNTRY DURING THIS TIME PERIOD?
  • 4. After the Filipinos lost the war to the Americans in 1901, we did not really stop fighting for their independence.
  • 10. Hare-Hawes Cutting Law: 1932 Tydings McDuffie Law: 1935
  • 11. 1935-1941 COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES PRESIDENT MANUEL L. QUEZON
  • 12. FILMMAKING DURING THE ERA
  • 13. Film Production 1929 - 7 films were made 1930 - 9 films were made 1931 - 9 films were made 1932 - the last year of the silents, 25 films were made Pre-war - over fifty Films were produced each year. During the war- more than sixty films were produced a year
  • 14. Factors Responsible for the Increase in Film Production Jose Nepomuceno was producing a film almost every two months Filipinos who left the country to visit or work in Hollywood returned home and established their own film companies Manilas elite ventured into the film industry knowing it was a lucrative investment Some Americans escaped the great depression in the U.S. by undertaking filmmaking in the Philippines
  • 15. Pre-war Cinema Pioneers Jose Nepomuceno established Malayan Pictures in 1917 and made the first Filipino film, Dalagang Bukid (1919) Vincente Salumbides established Salumbides Film ! ! ! Company in 1927, some of his films include Miracles of Love (1926), Fate or Consequence, The Soul Saver, Ibong Adarna (1941) Julian Manansala is known for his nationalist films, pioneered Banahaw Pictures in 1929, among the films he made were Patria Amore (1929), Dimasalang (1930)
  • 16. First Filmmakers Octavio Silos - Tunay na Ina (1939), Pakiusap (1940) Carlos Vander Tolosa - Giliw Ko (1939) Gerardo de Leon - Bahay Kubo (1938), Ang Maestra (1941) Lamberto Avellana - Sakay (1939) Manuel Conde - Sawing Gantimpala (1939) Ramon Estella - Bayan at Pag-ibig (1938), Huling Habilin (1940) Gregorio Fernandez - Azahar at Kabaong (1937), Se単orita (1940) Brigida Perez Villanueva - first woman filmmaker
  • 23. The Studio System paved the way for discovery and development of filmmakers and actors studios patterned its mode of production after Hollywood the system was departmentalized contract stars were signed up each studio had a distinct quality on its movies
  • 24. First Philippine Film Studios Filippine Films, 1933 established by Eddie Tait & George Harris Ang mga Ulila (1933), Mag-inang Mahirap (1934) Parlatone Hispano-Filipino, 1934 Jose Nepomuceno reorganized Malayan Pictures into Parlatone Hispano- Filipino its first film was Diwata ng Karagatan
  • 25. First Philippine Film Studios Excelsior Pictures, 1937 founded by Don Ramon Araneta considered the most modern studio at the time Ang Maya was its first film Sampaguita Pictures, 1937 established by Jose O. Vera; his children took positions in the family company including matriarch Dolores Honorado Vera, or famously known as Mommy Vera known for having melodramatic movies and films that centered on family values its first film, Bituing Marikit was a huge success
  • 26. First Philippine Film Studios LVN Pictures, 1938 formed by three friends, Do単a Narcisa Sisang de Leon, Carmen Villongco, and Eleuterio Navoa known for having comedies and musicals its maiden film, Giliw Ko (1939) was a box office hit
  • 27. First Philippine Film Studios XOtic Films, 1941 Jose Nepomuceno, after having been ousted from Parlatone in 1936, resurfaced with XOtic films in 1939 with co- founders Jesus Cacho and Julian Salgado its first production was Punit na Bandila the company would later be reorganized into Movietec after the war Other studios: Cervantina Filipina Corporation Del Monte Pictures Waling-Waling Pictures Acu単a-Zaldarriaga Productions and many others
  • 28. Advent of Sound in Film The Talkies Newspaper advertisements heralded the talking and singing features which signaled the advent of sound technology The first picture with sound reached Manila in 1910, using the Chronophone.
  • 29. Advent of Sound in Film By1930, the talking pictures was already one year old in the country with the showing of Syncopation, this was achieved by synchronizing phonograph records with the film. Jose Domingos Collegian Love (1930) was considered the first Filipino sound production The first film made in the Philippines to feature optically recorded sound was George Mussers Ang Aswang (1933)
  • 30. Other early films to feature sound was Jose Nepomucenos Ang Punyal na Ginto and Makata at Paraluman
  • 31. PRE-WAR CINEMA THEMES AND AESTHETICS
  • 32. Content and Themes Sarswela and Komedya Philippine Literature and History Socio-political issues Exotic Philippines Hollywood Genres
  • 33. Sarswela and Komedya one act, melodramatic operas popular, readily marketable ready materials themes of good vs. bad middle-class, rural stories
  • 37. Jose Nepomucenos Dalagang 京顎一庄糸
  • 38. Philippine Literature and History Jose Rizals life and works authors novels, short stories, poems historical events, revolution Lamberto Avellanas Sakay
  • 39. Jose Nepomucenos Noli Me Tangere
  • 40. Vicente Salumbides Ibong 粥糸温姻稼温
  • 43. Socio-Political Issues nationalistic themes anti-Spanish, anti-establishment very few films, almost censored Julian Manansalas Patria Amore
  • 44. Exotic Philippines native culture of indigenous people featured different customs and traditions Eduardo de Castros Zamboanga
  • 48. Hollywood Genres categorization of films into Hollywood film genres first horror films Jose Nepomucenos Tiyanak and Mang Tano: Nuno ng mga Aswang
  • 49. Aesthetics and Styles Cinema heavily borrowed from the traditions of drama and theater.
  • 50. Lacked Film Language shot selection and shot sizes cutting, editing, montage screen direction, 180-degree rule
  • 51. Basic Camerawork camera movements were present, but not fully utilized static camera straight-on, eye-level angles long shots and takes
  • 52. Theatrical Direction and Acting big movements exaggerated acting big facial expressions
  • 53. Silent-film-like Make up visible traces of expressionist, exaggerated facial features
  • 54. Script and Story talky narration poetic dialogue arbitrary happy ending loose plot
  • 55. Catholic Imagery in the Mise-en-scene saints churches crucifix altars priests prayers
  • 59. As of December 31 1929, 66,000 readers of Spanish newpapers/publications 36,000 readers of English newpapers/publications 62,000 readers of Tagalog newpapers/publications
  • 60. ! ! Lobo del monte (Mountain Wolf) / Gratitude de un joven (Young Mans Gratitude)
  • 61. In 1931, 181 films had English titles 34 were in Spanish 1 title was Tagalog
  • 63. Film Culture native filmmakers grabbed the opportunity of expressing their anti-Spanish sentiments escapist entertainment film fascinated Filipinos and it easily became the most popular medium influenced by culture, politics, business, and development of language
  • 65. 1933: Star System became more apparent
  • 68. Nick Deocampo. Cine: Spanish Influences on Early Cinema in the Philippines. Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts. 2003 Sotto, Agustin L. Pelikula II. Philippine Film 1897-1960. Manila: Cultural Center of the Philippines, 1992. Del Mundo, Clodualdo Jr., 1998. Notes on the Approaches to Teaching Film. In Humanities: Art & Society. Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education. Flores, Patrick D. 1998. Philippine Cinema and Society. In Humanities: Art & Society. Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education Arsenio "Boots" Bautista, "History of Philippine Cinema" http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/ article.php?i=115&igm=1. Accessed December 5, 2010.