The document outlines a general problem-solving pattern with 4 steps: 1) Identify the problem, 2) Analyze the problem logically and define sub-goals, 3) Select the best strategy by considering alternatives and developing a plan, 4) Execute the strategy through a clear timeline and work prioritization while focusing on the end-to-end solution and involving key players. Common mistakes at each step like lack of data analysis or follow up are also discussed.