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This document discusses the principles of pressure and its measurement. It defines pressure and the different units used to measure it. It describes absolute and gauge pressure and how they are related. It discusses how pressure is exerted by liquids and the principles of hydraulic machines and manometers. It provides examples of calculating pressure, force and head from given parameters for problems involving a hydraulic accumulator, hydraulic press and mercury manometer.

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Project: Measurement of Pressure MECH 1502: Mechanical Engineering Science II Done by: Raheem E. C. Cole
03 Pressure Absolute Pressure 04 Principles of Pressure Exerted by a Liquid 05 Principle of a Hydraulic Machine 06 07 Operating Principle of a Manometer 08 Question 3 12 Question 10 15 References
Pressure defined as a measure of the force applied over a unit area is a scalar quantity expressed in units of Pascals (Pa), newtons per square meter (N/m2 or kg/m揃s2), or pounds per square inch, atmosphere (atm), torr, bar, and meters sea water (msw). pressure is denoted by the capital letter P
Absolute Pressure is a pressure that is relative to the zero pressure in air-free space This pressure references the ideal vacuum expressed in the formula Pabs=Patm+Pguage or Pabs= Phead + Patm
Principles of Pressure Exerted by a Liquid Means the vertical distance of the liquids surface The normal force exerted by a liquid per unit area Known as hydrostatic pressure Pressure will be the same at all points at the same level in all directions Pressure exerted is always perpendicular to its surface
Principle of a Hydraulic Machine Follows Pascals law
Operating Principle of a Manometer Changes in pressure affects liquid height
Question 3 3) A hydraulic accumulator with a ram of 400mm in diameter is connected with a hydraulic press whose ram is 800mm in diameter. The load on the accumulator is 700 kN. a. What is the pressure, in kN/m2 on the ram of the accumulator? b. What total force, in kN, would the press exert? c. Calculate the head equivalent to the pressure on the ram of the accumulator.
- 倹 = 400 0.4; 倹800 0.8; 告 = 700 a. What is the pressure, in kN/m2 on the ram of the accumulator? - = 告 = 告 4 倹 2 = 700 4 0.4 2 = 700 4 0.162 = 700 0.042 = 700 0.1256637062 倹 = , . /
- 倹 = 400 0.4; 倹800 0.8; 告 = 700 b. What total force, in kN, would the press exert? - = 告 告 = 告 = 4 倹 2 告 = 5,570.4 /2 4 0.8 2 告 = 5,570.4 /2 4 0.642 告 = 5,570.4 /2 0.162 告 = 5,570.4 /2 0.50265482462 = ,
- 倹 = 400 0.4; 倹800 0.8; 告 = 700 c. Calculate the head equivalent to the pressure on the ram of the accumulator. = 情 = 5,570.4/2 9.81/3 倹 = .
Question 10 10) Details of mercury manometer readings are given below. Calculate the absolute pressure of the water in the pipe if the atmospheric pressure is 1 bar.
＄ = 1 ; 150 1,000 = 0.15; 300 1,000 = 0.3 咋 ゐ＄ = ゐ＄ 0.15 + 諮 0.3 咋 = 1,000 3 9.81 2 0.15 + 13,600 3 9.81 2 0.3 咋 = 1,471.5 + 40,024.8 咋 = 41,496.3 105 咋 = . 倹 = 倹 + 倹
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REFERENCES Anne Marie Helmenstine, P. D. (2019, May 7). Do you know how pressure is defined in Chemistry? ThoughtCo. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-pressure-in-chemistry-604613 Augustyn, A. (n.d.). Pascal's principle. Encyclop脱dia Britannica. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/science/Pascals-principle Beyer, M. (2019, July 31). Gauge pressure & absolute pressure: Differences. WIKA blog. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://blog.wika.com/knowhow/difference-between- gauge-pressure-and-absolute-pressure-measurement/ Laxmi. (2020, September 14). Pressure exerted by the liquid - hydrostatics. Learn Cram. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.learncram.com/physics/pressure-exerted- by-liquid/ Mortenson, T. (2021, October 31). Manometer explained: Manometer working principle. RealPars. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://realpars.com/manometer/ Yogichaudhary. (n.d.). What is the principle of a hydraulic machine??? - brainly.in. Retrieved May 3, 2022, from https://brainly.in/question/5181982

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Project Presentation.pptx

  • 1. Project: Measurement of Pressure MECH 1502: Mechanical Engineering Science II Done by: Raheem E. C. Cole
  • 2. 03 Pressure Absolute Pressure 04 Principles of Pressure Exerted by a Liquid 05 Principle of a Hydraulic Machine 06 07 Operating Principle of a Manometer 08 Question 3 12 Question 10 15 References
  • 3. Pressure defined as a measure of the force applied over a unit area is a scalar quantity expressed in units of Pascals (Pa), newtons per square meter (N/m2 or kg/m揃s2), or pounds per square inch, atmosphere (atm), torr, bar, and meters sea water (msw). pressure is denoted by the capital letter P
  • 4. Absolute Pressure is a pressure that is relative to the zero pressure in air-free space This pressure references the ideal vacuum expressed in the formula Pabs=Patm+Pguage or Pabs= Phead + Patm
  • 5. Principles of Pressure Exerted by a Liquid Means the vertical distance of the liquids surface The normal force exerted by a liquid per unit area Known as hydrostatic pressure Pressure will be the same at all points at the same level in all directions Pressure exerted is always perpendicular to its surface
  • 6. Principle of a Hydraulic Machine Follows Pascals law
  • 7. Operating Principle of a Manometer Changes in pressure affects liquid height
  • 8. Question 3 3) A hydraulic accumulator with a ram of 400mm in diameter is connected with a hydraulic press whose ram is 800mm in diameter. The load on the accumulator is 700 kN. a. What is the pressure, in kN/m2 on the ram of the accumulator? b. What total force, in kN, would the press exert? c. Calculate the head equivalent to the pressure on the ram of the accumulator.
  • 9. - 倹 = 400 0.4; 倹800 0.8; 告 = 700 a. What is the pressure, in kN/m2 on the ram of the accumulator? - = 告 = 告 4 倹 2 = 700 4 0.4 2 = 700 4 0.162 = 700 0.042 = 700 0.1256637062 倹 = , . /
  • 10. - 倹 = 400 0.4; 倹800 0.8; 告 = 700 b. What total force, in kN, would the press exert? - = 告 告 = 告 = 4 倹 2 告 = 5,570.4 /2 4 0.8 2 告 = 5,570.4 /2 4 0.642 告 = 5,570.4 /2 0.162 告 = 5,570.4 /2 0.50265482462 = ,
  • 11. - 倹 = 400 0.4; 倹800 0.8; 告 = 700 c. Calculate the head equivalent to the pressure on the ram of the accumulator. = 情 = 5,570.4/2 9.81/3 倹 = .
  • 12. Question 10 10) Details of mercury manometer readings are given below. Calculate the absolute pressure of the water in the pipe if the atmospheric pressure is 1 bar.
  • 13. ＄ = 1 ; 150 1,000 = 0.15; 300 1,000 = 0.3 咋 ゐ＄ = ゐ＄ 0.15 + 諮 0.3 咋 = 1,000 3 9.81 2 0.15 + 13,600 3 9.81 2 0.3 咋 = 1,471.5 + 40,024.8 咋 = 41,496.3 105 咋 = . 倹 = 倹 + 倹
  • 15. REFERENCES Anne Marie Helmenstine, P. D. (2019, May 7). Do you know how pressure is defined in Chemistry? ThoughtCo. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-pressure-in-chemistry-604613 Augustyn, A. (n.d.). Pascal's principle. Encyclop脱dia Britannica. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/science/Pascals-principle Beyer, M. (2019, July 31). Gauge pressure & absolute pressure: Differences. WIKA blog. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://blog.wika.com/knowhow/difference-between- gauge-pressure-and-absolute-pressure-measurement/ Laxmi. (2020, September 14). Pressure exerted by the liquid - hydrostatics. Learn Cram. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.learncram.com/physics/pressure-exerted- by-liquid/ Mortenson, T. (2021, October 31). Manometer explained: Manometer working principle. RealPars. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://realpars.com/manometer/ Yogichaudhary. (n.d.). What is the principle of a hydraulic machine??? - brainly.in. Retrieved May 3, 2022, from https://brainly.in/question/5181982