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Punctuation

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Touqeer Akbar
Touqeer Akbar

This presentation is all about Punctuation marks we use while writing. Hope you will find it useful.

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ONON PUNCUATIONPUNCUATION TYPES &TYPES & RULESRULES Subject:Subject: FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL ENGLISHENGLISH
OutlineOutline The Period or Full StopThe Period or Full Stop The CommaThe Comma The Question MarkThe Question Mark The Exclamation MarkThe Exclamation Mark The ApostropheThe Apostrophe The Quotation MarkThe Quotation Mark The SemicolonThe Semicolon The ColonThe Colon The HyphenThe Hyphen
PunctuationPunctuation It helps making meaning clear in written texts.It helps making meaning clear in written texts. It shows where one chunk meaning ends andIt shows where one chunk meaning ends and another starts.another starts. It shows where to pause or change tone whenIt shows where to pause or change tone when reading aloud.reading aloud.
The Full Stop or PeriodThe Full Stop or Period ( . )( . ) It is used to end a sentence. e.g.It is used to end a sentence. e.g. He goes to schoolHe goes to school.. It is used to show a word that has been madeIt is used to show a word that has been made shorter which is called abbreviation. e.g.shorter which is called abbreviation. e.g. Doctor= DrDoctor= Dr.. Assistant= AsstAssistant= Asst..
The Comma ( , )The Comma ( , ) It is used to list things. e.g.It is used to list things. e.g. cowscows,, horseshorses,, pigs e.t.cpigs e.t.c It is used to separate two sentences withIt is used to separate two sentences with conjunction. e.g. You have to study hardconjunction. e.g. You have to study hard,, if youif you want to get good marks.want to get good marks. To indicate a pause in a sentence or a question.To indicate a pause in a sentence or a question. e.g.e.g. AliAli,, did you remember to feed the cat?did you remember to feed the cat?
The Question Mark ( ? )The Question Mark ( ? ) o It is used to write questions, to make an inquiry,It is used to write questions, to make an inquiry, or to ask something. e.g.or to ask something. e.g. How are youHow are you?? Why is the sky blueWhy is the sky blue?? Can you hear me?Can you hear me?
It is used to write about strong emotions.It is used to write about strong emotions. It is used to write the words a personIt is used to write the words a person shouted.shouted. It is used to make a statement strong &It is used to make a statement strong & forceful. e.g. Ali, come hereforceful. e.g. Ali, come here!! It is used with question mark to makeIt is used with question mark to make question more forceful. e.g. What did youquestion more forceful. e.g. What did you do that for?do that for?!! she said angrily.she said angrily. The Exclamation Mark ( !The Exclamation Mark ( ! )) HELP!HELP!
Apostrophe ( )Apostrophe ( ) It has two uses:It has two uses: Ownership:Ownership: It is used to show something belong toIt is used to show something belong to something else.something else. If there is singular letter s is used afterIf there is singular letter s is used after apostrophe to show ownership. e.g. Mimisapostrophe to show ownership. e.g. Mimis car, Boys dog.car, Boys dog. If there is plural or word ends already with sIf there is plural or word ends already with s then apostrophe come without s. e.g. Girlsthen apostrophe come without s. e.g. Girls clothes (several girls) not Girls clothes(onlyclothes (several girls) not Girls clothes(only one girl).one girl).
Contraction:Contraction: It is use to put two small words together.It is use to put two small words together. Those words that are put together byThose words that are put together by apostrophe is called contraction. e.g.apostrophe is called contraction. e.g. Cannot = CantCannot = Cant It is = ItsIt is = Its Apostrophe ( ) 1Apostrophe ( ) 1
These marks are used around words thatThese marks are used around words that people said, or direct speech. They are used inpeople said, or direct speech. They are used in pairs. e.g.pairs. e.g. Hina said,Hina said, Sana, please wash the dishes.Sana, please wash the dishes. They are used in other cases besides directThey are used in other cases besides direct speech like around a song. e.g.speech like around a song. e.g. After recordingAfter recording Beat itBeat it, Michael Jackson went, Michael Jackson went on to record several more hits.on to record several more hits. Quotation Marks ( ) orQuotation Marks ( ) or ( )( )
The Semicolon ( ; )The Semicolon ( ; ) It is used to connect two independent clausesIt is used to connect two independent clauses in a single sentence. e.g.in a single sentence. e.g. I could tell that it was getting lateI could tell that it was getting late;; it wasit was growing darker by the second.growing darker by the second. It is used to separate items in series when theIt is used to separate items in series when the items contain parenthetical elements withinitems contain parenthetical elements within themselves.themselves. It is also used with a conjunctive adverb whenIt is also used with a conjunctive adverb when joining two clauses. e.g. "The environment isjoining two clauses. e.g. "The environment is the context in which all life existsthe context in which all life exists;; consequently,consequently, it is more than a political issue."it is more than a political issue."
The Colon ( : )The Colon ( : ) It is used at beginning of any list, an example, orIt is used at beginning of any list, an example, or quotation. e.g.quotation. e.g. This is the list of AnimalsThis is the list of Animals:: Cats, Dogs, HorsesCats, Dogs, Horses e.t.c.e.t.c. It is used to separate two main clauses, whereIt is used to separate two main clauses, where the second clause expands on or illustrates thethe second clause expands on or illustrates the first. e.g.first. e.g. It was very coldIt was very cold:: the temperature was belowthe temperature was below zero.zero. Standard English usage is to have no spaceStandard English usage is to have no space before, and one space after a colon.before, and one space after a colon.
The Hyphen ( - )The Hyphen ( - ) Some words can have (-) added to changeSome words can have (-) added to change meaning. e.g. re-form means start again butmeaning. e.g. re-form means start again but reform means change.reform means change. It is used to spell out numbers. e.g. Thirty-two.It is used to spell out numbers. e.g. Thirty-two. Some words have letters or prefixes atSome words have letters or prefixes at beginning (-) used with them. e.g. non-living,beginning (-) used with them. e.g. non-living, anti-pollution.anti-pollution. Used with writing words that a person havingUsed with writing words that a person having difficulty speaking spoken. e.g. I reached fordifficulty speaking spoken. e.g. I reached for the w-w-w-watering can. This is calledthe w-w-w-watering can. This is called stammer.stammer.
The Hyphen ( - ) 1The Hyphen ( - ) 1 If a word for a person(a name or proper noun)If a word for a person(a name or proper noun) is used with another name. e.g. Merriam-is used with another name. e.g. Merriam- Webster DictionaryWebster Dictionary A hyphen is also used when a word is too longA hyphen is also used when a word is too long to fit in one row of writing. e.g. What was doneto fit in one row of writing. e.g. What was done was not go-od, not helpful, nor was it verywas not go-od, not helpful, nor was it very useful.useful.
PREPARED BYPREPARED BY JAVAID AHMADJAVAID AHMAD M.SALMAN SAMIM.SALMAN SAMI MUHAMMAD ASIFMUHAMMAD ASIF MUHAMMAD KHANMUHAMMAD KHAN MUNEEB TAHIRMUNEEB TAHIR NOOR HASSAN (LEADER)NOOR HASSAN (LEADER) TAYYAB WAHABTAYYAB WAHAB TOUQEER AKBARTOUQEER AKBAR TOUSEEF AHMADTOUSEEF AHMAD WASEEM ARSHADWASEEM ARSHAD
THE ENDTHE END SWEDISH COLLEGE OF ENGINNERING & TECHNOLOGYSWEDISH COLLEGE OF ENGINNERING & TECHNOLOGY PREPARED BY STUDENTS OFPREPARED BY STUDENTS OF

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Punctuation

  • 2. OutlineOutline The Period or Full StopThe Period or Full Stop The CommaThe Comma The Question MarkThe Question Mark The Exclamation MarkThe Exclamation Mark The ApostropheThe Apostrophe The Quotation MarkThe Quotation Mark The SemicolonThe Semicolon The ColonThe Colon The HyphenThe Hyphen
  • 3. PunctuationPunctuation It helps making meaning clear in written texts.It helps making meaning clear in written texts. It shows where one chunk meaning ends andIt shows where one chunk meaning ends and another starts.another starts. It shows where to pause or change tone whenIt shows where to pause or change tone when reading aloud.reading aloud.
  • 4. The Full Stop or PeriodThe Full Stop or Period ( . )( . ) It is used to end a sentence. e.g.It is used to end a sentence. e.g. He goes to schoolHe goes to school.. It is used to show a word that has been madeIt is used to show a word that has been made shorter which is called abbreviation. e.g.shorter which is called abbreviation. e.g. Doctor= DrDoctor= Dr.. Assistant= AsstAssistant= Asst..
  • 5. The Comma ( , )The Comma ( , ) It is used to list things. e.g.It is used to list things. e.g. cowscows,, horseshorses,, pigs e.t.cpigs e.t.c It is used to separate two sentences withIt is used to separate two sentences with conjunction. e.g. You have to study hardconjunction. e.g. You have to study hard,, if youif you want to get good marks.want to get good marks. To indicate a pause in a sentence or a question.To indicate a pause in a sentence or a question. e.g.e.g. AliAli,, did you remember to feed the cat?did you remember to feed the cat?
  • 6. The Question Mark ( ? )The Question Mark ( ? ) o It is used to write questions, to make an inquiry,It is used to write questions, to make an inquiry, or to ask something. e.g.or to ask something. e.g. How are youHow are you?? Why is the sky blueWhy is the sky blue?? Can you hear me?Can you hear me?
  • 7. It is used to write about strong emotions.It is used to write about strong emotions. It is used to write the words a personIt is used to write the words a person shouted.shouted. It is used to make a statement strong &It is used to make a statement strong & forceful. e.g. Ali, come hereforceful. e.g. Ali, come here!! It is used with question mark to makeIt is used with question mark to make question more forceful. e.g. What did youquestion more forceful. e.g. What did you do that for?do that for?!! she said angrily.she said angrily. The Exclamation Mark ( !The Exclamation Mark ( ! )) HELP!HELP!
  • 8. Apostrophe ( )Apostrophe ( ) It has two uses:It has two uses: Ownership:Ownership: It is used to show something belong toIt is used to show something belong to something else.something else. If there is singular letter s is used afterIf there is singular letter s is used after apostrophe to show ownership. e.g. Mimisapostrophe to show ownership. e.g. Mimis car, Boys dog.car, Boys dog. If there is plural or word ends already with sIf there is plural or word ends already with s then apostrophe come without s. e.g. Girlsthen apostrophe come without s. e.g. Girls clothes (several girls) not Girls clothes(onlyclothes (several girls) not Girls clothes(only one girl).one girl).
  • 9. Contraction:Contraction: It is use to put two small words together.It is use to put two small words together. Those words that are put together byThose words that are put together by apostrophe is called contraction. e.g.apostrophe is called contraction. e.g. Cannot = CantCannot = Cant It is = ItsIt is = Its Apostrophe ( ) 1Apostrophe ( ) 1
  • 10. These marks are used around words thatThese marks are used around words that people said, or direct speech. They are used inpeople said, or direct speech. They are used in pairs. e.g.pairs. e.g. Hina said,Hina said, Sana, please wash the dishes.Sana, please wash the dishes. They are used in other cases besides directThey are used in other cases besides direct speech like around a song. e.g.speech like around a song. e.g. After recordingAfter recording Beat itBeat it, Michael Jackson went, Michael Jackson went on to record several more hits.on to record several more hits. Quotation Marks ( ) orQuotation Marks ( ) or ( )( )
  • 11. The Semicolon ( ; )The Semicolon ( ; ) It is used to connect two independent clausesIt is used to connect two independent clauses in a single sentence. e.g.in a single sentence. e.g. I could tell that it was getting lateI could tell that it was getting late;; it wasit was growing darker by the second.growing darker by the second. It is used to separate items in series when theIt is used to separate items in series when the items contain parenthetical elements withinitems contain parenthetical elements within themselves.themselves. It is also used with a conjunctive adverb whenIt is also used with a conjunctive adverb when joining two clauses. e.g. "The environment isjoining two clauses. e.g. "The environment is the context in which all life existsthe context in which all life exists;; consequently,consequently, it is more than a political issue."it is more than a political issue."
  • 12. The Colon ( : )The Colon ( : ) It is used at beginning of any list, an example, orIt is used at beginning of any list, an example, or quotation. e.g.quotation. e.g. This is the list of AnimalsThis is the list of Animals:: Cats, Dogs, HorsesCats, Dogs, Horses e.t.c.e.t.c. It is used to separate two main clauses, whereIt is used to separate two main clauses, where the second clause expands on or illustrates thethe second clause expands on or illustrates the first. e.g.first. e.g. It was very coldIt was very cold:: the temperature was belowthe temperature was below zero.zero. Standard English usage is to have no spaceStandard English usage is to have no space before, and one space after a colon.before, and one space after a colon.
  • 13. The Hyphen ( - )The Hyphen ( - ) Some words can have (-) added to changeSome words can have (-) added to change meaning. e.g. re-form means start again butmeaning. e.g. re-form means start again but reform means change.reform means change. It is used to spell out numbers. e.g. Thirty-two.It is used to spell out numbers. e.g. Thirty-two. Some words have letters or prefixes atSome words have letters or prefixes at beginning (-) used with them. e.g. non-living,beginning (-) used with them. e.g. non-living, anti-pollution.anti-pollution. Used with writing words that a person havingUsed with writing words that a person having difficulty speaking spoken. e.g. I reached fordifficulty speaking spoken. e.g. I reached for the w-w-w-watering can. This is calledthe w-w-w-watering can. This is called stammer.stammer.
  • 14. The Hyphen ( - ) 1The Hyphen ( - ) 1 If a word for a person(a name or proper noun)If a word for a person(a name or proper noun) is used with another name. e.g. Merriam-is used with another name. e.g. Merriam- Webster DictionaryWebster Dictionary A hyphen is also used when a word is too longA hyphen is also used when a word is too long to fit in one row of writing. e.g. What was doneto fit in one row of writing. e.g. What was done was not go-od, not helpful, nor was it verywas not go-od, not helpful, nor was it very useful.useful.
  • 15. PREPARED BYPREPARED BY JAVAID AHMADJAVAID AHMAD M.SALMAN SAMIM.SALMAN SAMI MUHAMMAD ASIFMUHAMMAD ASIF MUHAMMAD KHANMUHAMMAD KHAN MUNEEB TAHIRMUNEEB TAHIR NOOR HASSAN (LEADER)NOOR HASSAN (LEADER) TAYYAB WAHABTAYYAB WAHAB TOUQEER AKBARTOUQEER AKBAR TOUSEEF AHMADTOUSEEF AHMAD WASEEM ARSHADWASEEM ARSHAD
  • 16. THE ENDTHE END SWEDISH COLLEGE OF ENGINNERING & TECHNOLOGYSWEDISH COLLEGE OF ENGINNERING & TECHNOLOGY PREPARED BY STUDENTS OFPREPARED BY STUDENTS OF