Pyranometer
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This document discusses pyranometers and pyrheliometers. A pyranometer is a sensor that measures solar irradiance over 180 degrees using a thermopile sensor with a black coating inside a glass dome. It measures diffuse sunlight. A pyrheliometer specifically measures direct beam sunlight using a thermopile sensor that tracks the sun inside an instrument with a window. They are both used to study solar energy, meteorology and climate but a pyrheliometer additionally helps assess solar panel efficiency.
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it tells about different type of sensors with avaliable pictures and fascinating information.it is marvellous.Presentation1.vector model of a one electron atom on atomic and nuclear
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This document discusses several principles and instruments for measuring solar radiation:
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Dynamic Programming
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Design of cannal by Kennedy Theory
By Er Gurmeet Singh
G.C.E.T JAMMU
CONTACT: Gurmeet.b.tech@gmail.com
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Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) is one of the major threats to the spectrum sensing in cognitive
radio networks. This paper studies the PUEA using energy detection that is based on the energy of the
received signal. It discusses the impact of increasing the number of attackers on the performance of
secondary user. Moreover, studying how the malicious user can emulate the Primary User (PU) signal is
made. This is the first analytical method to study PUEA under a different number of attackers. The
detection of the PUEA increases with increasing the number of attackers and decreases when changing the
channel from lognormal to Rayleigh fading.Pyranometer
- 1. P R E S E N T E D B Y : - A N S H U L S H R I V A S T A V A M . T E C H ( P O W E R D I S T R I B U T I O N W I T H S P E C I A L I Z A T I O N I N S M A R T G R I D ) U N I V E R S I T Y O F P E T R O L E U M & E N E R G Y S T U D I E S , D E H R A D U N Pyranometer Pyrheliometer
- 2. Introduction A pyranometer is a typeof actinometer used to measure broadband solar irradianceon a planar surface and is a sensor that is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m2) from a field of view of 180 degrees. Also called Directional Response or Cosine Response.
- 4. Explanation A thermopile sensor with a black coating. This sensor absorbs all solar radiation, has a flat spectrum covering the 300 to 50,000 nanometer range, and has a near-perfect cosine response. A glass dome. This dome limits the spectral response from 300 to 2,800 nanometers, while preserving the 180 degrees field of view. Another function of the dome is that it shields the thermopile sensor from convection.
- 5. Cont.. The black coating on the thermopile sensor absorbs the solar radiation. This radiation is converted to heat. The heat flows through the sensor to the Pyranometer housing. The thermopile sensor generates a voltage output signal that is proportional to the solar radiation.
- 6. Application Meteorology Climatology Solar energy studies Building physics
- 7. Pyrheliometer A Pyrheliometer is an instrument for measurement of direct beam solar irradiance. Sunlight enters the instrument through a window and is directed on a thermopile which converts heat to an electrical signal that can be recorded.
- 8. Cont.. The signal voltage is converted via a formula to measure watts per square meter. It is used with a solar tracking system to keep the instrument aimed at the sun.
- 9. Application Scientific meteorological Climate observations Material testing research Assessment of the efficiency of solar collectors and photovoltaic devices.
- 11. Difference Pyranometer is a dome like structure that measures diffused sun energy while Pyrheliometer is an instrument that measures direct suns energy. Both are often used in conjunction in meteorological research stations. Pyrheliometer helps in assessing the efficiency of solar panels