This document discusses different frameworks for online marketing research and segmentation. It provides details on 5 key techniques for segmenting customers: (1) demographics, (2) current and predicted customer value, (3) customer lifecycle groups, (4) RFM analysis, and (5) multi-channel customer behavior. It then discusses performance metrics and segmentation strategies for different online business models, including eCommerce/retail sites, lead generation sites, advertising/media sites, and customer support sites. The goal is to understand customers at a deeper level in order to create targeted marketing strategies and content for each segment.
Marketing Project Business Studies Class 12Preksha Mehta
油
This document provides guidance for students on the structure and content of a marketing project, recommending it include sections on the topic, acknowledgments, introduction, competitive brands, product details, packaging, distribution, pricing, promotion, and bibliography. Students are instructed to include their name and school information on the cover page and get their teacher's signature on the certificate of completion. The project aims to help students understand the key principles of marketing through applying them to a selected product.
The document discusses the product life cycle (PLC) and strategies companies use at each stage. It notes that products pass through distinct stages of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. During introduction, strategies focus on creating awareness and trial with high promotion at a premium price. Growth focuses on market share gains through distribution expansion, promotions, and price reductions. Maturity aims to maximize profits through diversification while defending market share. Decline entails cost cutting and milking remaining brand value. Strategies may also include market, product, or marketing program modifications to change a brand's course.
This project work contains all the necessary information for class 12 accountancy project
This Project Contains two part. They are as follows.
1. Principles of Management (Henri Fayol)
2. Marketing Management (On Pickles)
The document discusses the product life cycle, which outlines the typical stages a product goes through from introduction to decline. It identifies five key stages: research, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Each stage presents different challenges and opportunities for marketing, financing, manufacturing and more. Examples are provided to illustrate common products at each phase of the life cycle.
This document outlines a marketing plan for a new pen product called Puzzle Pens. It includes sections on the product range, competitors' strengths, pricing, distribution channels, promotions, and the unique selling proposition of Puzzle Pens. The key points are that Puzzle Pens will target students and professionals, have ergonomic designs, waterproof ink, and stress-free writing. It will be distributed through wholesalers and retailers to customers.
This document reviews best practice in pricing processes to provide a reference against which current practices and proposals can be tested. Our objectives have been: to research the attributes of world-class pricing through publications and academic sources; to investigate how these attributes are applied in practice to products and services; to assess pricing processes in successful businesses.
In recent years a new attitude toward pricing has emerged. Deregulation and international free trade agreements have increased competition. Price promotion has eroded the power of brand loyalty. Pricing has assumed greater importance to most businesses.
As markets increasingly assume a global dimension, customers can more easily compare prices between one region or country and another, using the internet or a fax machine. They can often locate the same product, or an
acceptable substitute, from another source. Customers are more demanding and fickle, and their expectations increasingly difficult to fulfil.
Price inflation in western economies is now at its lowest for decades. Price increases are no longer accepted without protest from customers, if at all.
The Chairman of General Electric has predicted the onset of the Value Decade. Global price competition will strengthen because of: reduced product differentiation; global over-capacity for production; significantly diminished trade barriers; efficient information and distribution systems; providing customers with easy access to the prices of suppliers; a growing lack of customers loyalty to individual suppliers. Choice will be increasingly driven by price.
This is a challenging scenario that reinforces the need for an integrated strategy and concerted managerial action on pricing.
Pricing processes have lagged behind developments in the market place. They are often characterised by internal conflict between accountants wishing to maximise profit per unit and marketing specialists who seek to maximise
throughput. They are also affected by the potential for strained relations with good customers.
Some companies have downsized their operations to a level where diminishing returns cause them to question the benefits of continuing to focus upon reducing costs. As they switch their attention from cost cutting to adding
value, pricing naturally assumes increased weight in the marketing mix.
We have found many companies reluctant to discuss their own processes.
Some may wish to avoid betraying a lack of sophistication.
This document discusses sales promotion tools and techniques. It defines sales promotion as marketing activities used to boost sales of a product or service. Some key tools of sales promotion discussed are free samples, coupons, discounts, and premium offers for consumers, as well as cash bonuses, stock returns, and credit terms for trade. The document also covers push and pull promotional strategies, with push strategies taking the product directly to customers and pull strategies building customer demand through advertising. In conclusion, it states that sales promotion refers to non-recurring short-term sales activities beyond advertising and are growing in popularity due to quick returns and ability to change attitudes.
This document discusses branding, packaging, and their management. It defines branding as creating a unique name and image for a product to differentiate it from competitors. Key elements of branding include brand name, trade name, brand mark, and trade characters. Common branding strategies are brand extension, licensing, mixed branding, and co-branding. Packaging serves purposes like product protection, attractiveness, identification and convenience. It functions to identify and promote products at the point of purchase. There are different types of packaging. Both branding and packaging provide advantages to manufacturers, middlemen and consumers.
The document discusses the product life cycle, which consists of four main stages: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. In the introduction stage, sales are slow and profits are low or negative as promotional costs are high. The growth stage sees increasing sales as more customers adopt the product. The maturity stage is the longest stage, where sales growth slows as most potential customers have purchased the product. Finally, in the decline stage sales decrease as the product loses favor to newer innovations or shifts in customer tastes. Some products may follow alternative life cycles rather than the classic bell shape.
Accountancy Project And RELIANCE INDUSTRIES.... CLASS 12 { CBSE } ....AnmolThadhani1
油
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
The document discusses various aspects of promotion mix, including the key elements of promotion mix such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling. It defines these elements and provides examples. The objectives of promotion are also outlined as building awareness, creating interest, providing information, and stimulating demand. Factors that guide selection of promotion mix include the nature of the product market, overall marketing strategy, buyer readiness stage, and product life cycle stage.
This document discusses various pricing strategies and policies that companies use to price their products and services. It begins by defining pricing and explaining factors that affect pricing decisions like costs, competition, and company objectives. It then outlines several common pricing strategies such as penetration pricing, skimming pricing, competition pricing, bundle pricing, psychological pricing, and premium pricing. For each strategy, it provides a brief definition and example to illustrate how that strategy can be implemented. The document provides an in-depth overview of different approaches to setting prices.
Chapter 19 sales promotions budget and evaluation sales and distribution mana...jasween23
油
This document discusses sales promotion budgeting and evaluation. It covers four basic ways sales can be affected by promotions: brand switching, repeat buying, purchasing more/accelerating timing, and increasing category consumption. Key aspects of sales promotion design discussed include objectives, promotion type, product and market selection, timing, and testing promotions before and after implementation. Guidelines are provided for effective planning, including situation analysis, budget allocation, promotion design issues, and factors to consider like promotion choice, product, markets, timing, and protection from competition.
Accountancy class 12 comprehensive project (all 3 projects covered)Bhavya Namdeo
油
Hi guys, when i was making my accounts project i was actually confused and did not have any idea how it must look. I tried searching on internet but couldn't get help, so here i am i am uploading my project hope you guys will like it and can take help from this.
Packaging as a marketing tool - Why this is important!isegail
油
Packaging is arguably the most important tool in the brand marketers tool shed. You should be thinking of packaging as a marketing tool. Especially in an FMCG environment where consumers have become less and less brand loyal.
This document outlines the structure and content for a sample marketing management project. It includes sections on the cover page, index, introduction, competitors, product details, pricing, packaging, distribution, promotion, findings, conclusion, and appendices. The project aims to provide students a template to develop a marketing plan for a selected product, modify it with their own creativity, and demonstrate their understanding of key marketing concepts. It guides students through developing various elements of the marketing mix and product details over 24-30 pages.
"Product Pricing strategy" @ the 11th Prod.active meetupprodactive
油
Pricing strategy": Key pricing principles and methods, how should a company adapt prices to meet varying circumstances and opportunities? What do consumer perception has to do with all the above?
This document discusses various pricing methods used by producers, including cost-plus pricing, marginal cost pricing, and administered prices set by governments. It also covers pricing over the lifecycle of a product from introduction to decline, as well as strategies for pricing new products and products in relation to established substitutes. Cost-plus pricing involves calculating costs and adding a percentage profit margin. Marginal cost pricing sets price based on variable costs. Administered prices control prices to prevent shortages or price gouging. Pricing changes as products move through stages from growth to saturation. New products may use skimming or penetration pricing depending on substitutes. Pricing relative to competitors can be at, below, or above existing market prices
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research from the early work in the 1950s to modern advances in machine learning using neural networks. While progress has been made, fully general artificial intelligence that can match or exceed human levels of intelligence remains an ongoing challenge being pursued by researchers.
A sales promotion is a marketing strategy in which a business uses a temporary campaign or offer to increase interest or demand in its product or service.
Sales promotion helps make personal selling and advertising more effective.
Product development involves decisions around what to manufacture, packaging, pricing, and sales. The product planner identifies customer needs, aligns capabilities with market demands, and determines if a product is ready to launch or needs more information. New product development consists of creating ideas, evaluating sales potential and profitability, designing production facilities, and marketing the product. The stages include generating ideas, screening ideas, assessing commercial feasibility, product design/evaluation, test marketing, and launching the product. Product failure occurs when a product does not meet sales and profit targets due to declining volume, margins, or higher than expected costs.
This document outlines the terms and conditions for a rental agreement between John Doe and Jane Smith for the property located at 123 Main St. It specifies the monthly rental rate of $1,000 due on the 1st of each month, the security deposit of $500, and responsibilities of landlord and tenant for repairs and maintenance. The initial lease term is one year beginning January 1st.
Accountancy project class 11th and 12th 30 TRANSACTIONS with LEDGER CBSE B...@Jagjeet_patel
油
i am jagjeet patel i am sharing accountancy project class 11th and 12th travel Agency CBSE BOARD accountancy project ACCOUNTING account project TRANSACTIONS, journal with LEDGER
The document outlines an 8-stage process for new product development that includes idea generation, screening ideas for compatibility with company objectives, developing and testing concepts, creating marketing strategies, conducting business analysis and sales projections, developing prototypes, market testing products, and commercialization by introducing the new product into target markets with advertising.
This document discusses branding, packaging, and their management. It defines branding as creating a unique name and image for a product to differentiate it from competitors. Key elements of branding include brand name, trade name, brand mark, and trade characters. Common branding strategies are brand extension, licensing, mixed branding, and co-branding. Packaging serves purposes like product protection, attractiveness, identification and convenience. It functions to identify and promote products at the point of purchase. There are different types of packaging. Both branding and packaging provide advantages to manufacturers, middlemen and consumers.
The document discusses the product life cycle, which consists of four main stages: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. In the introduction stage, sales are slow and profits are low or negative as promotional costs are high. The growth stage sees increasing sales as more customers adopt the product. The maturity stage is the longest stage, where sales growth slows as most potential customers have purchased the product. Finally, in the decline stage sales decrease as the product loses favor to newer innovations or shifts in customer tastes. Some products may follow alternative life cycles rather than the classic bell shape.
Accountancy Project And RELIANCE INDUSTRIES.... CLASS 12 { CBSE } ....AnmolThadhani1
油
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
The document discusses various aspects of promotion mix, including the key elements of promotion mix such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling. It defines these elements and provides examples. The objectives of promotion are also outlined as building awareness, creating interest, providing information, and stimulating demand. Factors that guide selection of promotion mix include the nature of the product market, overall marketing strategy, buyer readiness stage, and product life cycle stage.
This document discusses various pricing strategies and policies that companies use to price their products and services. It begins by defining pricing and explaining factors that affect pricing decisions like costs, competition, and company objectives. It then outlines several common pricing strategies such as penetration pricing, skimming pricing, competition pricing, bundle pricing, psychological pricing, and premium pricing. For each strategy, it provides a brief definition and example to illustrate how that strategy can be implemented. The document provides an in-depth overview of different approaches to setting prices.
Chapter 19 sales promotions budget and evaluation sales and distribution mana...jasween23
油
This document discusses sales promotion budgeting and evaluation. It covers four basic ways sales can be affected by promotions: brand switching, repeat buying, purchasing more/accelerating timing, and increasing category consumption. Key aspects of sales promotion design discussed include objectives, promotion type, product and market selection, timing, and testing promotions before and after implementation. Guidelines are provided for effective planning, including situation analysis, budget allocation, promotion design issues, and factors to consider like promotion choice, product, markets, timing, and protection from competition.
Accountancy class 12 comprehensive project (all 3 projects covered)Bhavya Namdeo
油
Hi guys, when i was making my accounts project i was actually confused and did not have any idea how it must look. I tried searching on internet but couldn't get help, so here i am i am uploading my project hope you guys will like it and can take help from this.
Packaging as a marketing tool - Why this is important!isegail
油
Packaging is arguably the most important tool in the brand marketers tool shed. You should be thinking of packaging as a marketing tool. Especially in an FMCG environment where consumers have become less and less brand loyal.
This document outlines the structure and content for a sample marketing management project. It includes sections on the cover page, index, introduction, competitors, product details, pricing, packaging, distribution, promotion, findings, conclusion, and appendices. The project aims to provide students a template to develop a marketing plan for a selected product, modify it with their own creativity, and demonstrate their understanding of key marketing concepts. It guides students through developing various elements of the marketing mix and product details over 24-30 pages.
"Product Pricing strategy" @ the 11th Prod.active meetupprodactive
油
Pricing strategy": Key pricing principles and methods, how should a company adapt prices to meet varying circumstances and opportunities? What do consumer perception has to do with all the above?
This document discusses various pricing methods used by producers, including cost-plus pricing, marginal cost pricing, and administered prices set by governments. It also covers pricing over the lifecycle of a product from introduction to decline, as well as strategies for pricing new products and products in relation to established substitutes. Cost-plus pricing involves calculating costs and adding a percentage profit margin. Marginal cost pricing sets price based on variable costs. Administered prices control prices to prevent shortages or price gouging. Pricing changes as products move through stages from growth to saturation. New products may use skimming or penetration pricing depending on substitutes. Pricing relative to competitors can be at, below, or above existing market prices
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research from the early work in the 1950s to modern advances in machine learning using neural networks. While progress has been made, fully general artificial intelligence that can match or exceed human levels of intelligence remains an ongoing challenge being pursued by researchers.
A sales promotion is a marketing strategy in which a business uses a temporary campaign or offer to increase interest or demand in its product or service.
Sales promotion helps make personal selling and advertising more effective.
Product development involves decisions around what to manufacture, packaging, pricing, and sales. The product planner identifies customer needs, aligns capabilities with market demands, and determines if a product is ready to launch or needs more information. New product development consists of creating ideas, evaluating sales potential and profitability, designing production facilities, and marketing the product. The stages include generating ideas, screening ideas, assessing commercial feasibility, product design/evaluation, test marketing, and launching the product. Product failure occurs when a product does not meet sales and profit targets due to declining volume, margins, or higher than expected costs.
This document outlines the terms and conditions for a rental agreement between John Doe and Jane Smith for the property located at 123 Main St. It specifies the monthly rental rate of $1,000 due on the 1st of each month, the security deposit of $500, and responsibilities of landlord and tenant for repairs and maintenance. The initial lease term is one year beginning January 1st.
Accountancy project class 11th and 12th 30 TRANSACTIONS with LEDGER CBSE B...@Jagjeet_patel
油
i am jagjeet patel i am sharing accountancy project class 11th and 12th travel Agency CBSE BOARD accountancy project ACCOUNTING account project TRANSACTIONS, journal with LEDGER
The document outlines an 8-stage process for new product development that includes idea generation, screening ideas for compatibility with company objectives, developing and testing concepts, creating marketing strategies, conducting business analysis and sales projections, developing prototypes, market testing products, and commercialization by introducing the new product into target markets with advertising.
Penetration Testing con Python - Network SnifferSimone Onofri
油
Una nota massima dice che "se ascolto dimentico, se vedo ricordo, se faccio capisco", il "fare", come lo scrivere codice e non usare strumenti gi pronti 竪 la chiave per essere un buon Penetration Tester. Non 竪 un caso che Chris Miller dice che "la differenza stra uno script kiddies e i professionisti 竪 la mera differenza tra chi usa strumenti di altri o i propri" Ovviamente questo presuppone una profonda conoscenza di quello che si sta facendo - una tecnica di attacco particolare, i protocolli utilizzati, dei sistemi, delle aplicazioni e cos狸 via. Quindi scrivere i propri strumenti 竪 un modo di imparare realmente quello che accade sotto al "motore" di altri strumenti e come funzionano gli attacchi. Durante il talk vedremo in particolare i raw socket su linux e come scrivere uno sniffer.
Questi sono i miei appunti di informatica sviluppati durante i lockdown. Di fatto costituiscono il libro di testo dei miei corsi. La grafica 竪 ispirata a D&D 5e nella speranza di accattivarmi l'interesse dei ragazzi.
Questa parte 竪 adatta ai ragazzi di 1-2属 liceo SSA e di 2属-3属 ITIS (in particolare ad indirizzo informatico)
際際滷 dell'evento del FabLab Western Sicily del 3 ottobre Coding Class: Da Scratch a Python.
Introduzione alle basi del pensiero computazionale ed esempi in Scratch che in Python.
際際滷 della lezione 2 del corso di Python tenuto per gli studenti del Collegio Don Nicola Mazza di Padova in data 6 Aprile 2020. Argomenti trattati: script, IDLE, espressioni booleane, controllo del flusso, cicli, funzioni, classi, file
Il seguente corso intende fornire le competenze di base per insegnare a programmare in modo creativo e mostrare come linsegnamento dellinformatica possa diventare una strategia per insegnare a progettare il proprio apprendimento e risolvere problemi.
Il corso 竪 unintroduzione alla programmazione con Scratch e le slide della prima lezione sono unespansione di quanto gi implementato con: Micro Corso di Scratch.
Questa lezione, con le successive che verranno pubblicate, potranno essere utilizzate in corsi introduttivi alla programmazione con Scratch.
1. Python nell'insegnamento della matematica Daniele Zambelli 2006-07 Esperienze e idee relative al primo biennio della scuola superiore
2. Chi sono Laureato in matematica Insegno da quasi 30 anni. Da 6 anni alle superiori Quest'anno in una prima e seconda PNI (Progetto Nazionale Informatica) del liceo scientifico.
3. Panoramica In questo intervento vorrei affrontare: Perch辿 un linguaggio di programmazione a scuola Quale linguaggio Perch辿 Python Un possibile percorso Strumenti presenti nella libreria pygraph : pyturtle pyig pyplot pycart Documentazione
4. Perch辿 un linguaggio Il linguaggio 竪 il pi湛 potente strumento per la conoscenza a disposizione degli umani Un linguaggio di programmazione pu嘆 aiutare: ad affrontare problemi a riprodurre e descrivere situazioni a confrontare l'effetto di diverse definizioni
5. Linguaggio di programmazione e Matematica Algoritmi Geometria Logica Variabili Ricorsione Problem solving Funzioni Cosa imparare con un linguaggio di programmazione: Generalizzazione Astrazione Organizzazione Precisione Comunicazione Collaborazione
6. Criteri di scelta Il linguaggio migliore 竪 quello che... l'insegnante conosce meglio 竪 pi湛 trasparente pi湛 facilmente estendibile permette diversi approcci al problema fornisce pi湛 documentazione e materiali
7. Perch辿 Python Sintassi cristallina Interprete Alto livello di astrazione Potenti strutture di dati Diversi paradigmi: procedurale funzionale ad oggetti
12. Pygraph una libreria per Python scritta in Python che fornisce svariati oggetti grafici per lavorare con: La geometria cartesiana, Le funzioni piane La geometria della tartaruga La geometria interattiva
13. Turtle geometry pyturtle mette a disposizione la classe Turtle che implementa i principali metodi della geometria della tartaruga. Le istruzioni per lavorare con la tartaruga sono: >>> from pyturtle import Turtle >>> tina=Turtle()
14. Variazioni sui quadrati Di seguito riporto uno dei possibili percorsi che, in qualche decina di righe di programma, permette di spaziare dai primi comandi alle funzioni ricorsive, esplorando: sequenza, iterazione, funzioni, variabili, parametri, oltre ai concetti base della geometria della tartaruga e alle figure frattali.
33. Geometria interattiva pyig mette a disposizione un piano e una certa quantit di classi che permettono di creare oggetti su quel piano. Le istruzioni che permettono di creare un piano interattivo sono: >>> from pyig import * >>> ... >>> pyigplane.mainloop()
34. Le traslazioni La geometria interattiva permette di aggiungere alla geometria euclidea il movimento e le deformazioni che non sono possibili su un foglio di carta. Poterlo fare attraverso il linguaggio, rende questo strumento ancora pi湛 interessante per l'apprendimento.
53. Grafico di funzioni piane pyplot permette di tracciare funzioni cartesiane o polari. Le istruzioni che permettono tracciare funzioni sono: >>> from pyplot import *
54. La retta passante per due punti Di seguito riporto un problema risolvibile con pyplot Trovare l'equazione della retta passante per due punti
65. Piano Cartesiano pycart fornisce i metodi di pi湛 basso livello per il funzionamento delle altre librerie. Questi metodi possono essere usati direttamente se vogliamo, lavorare sul piano cartesiano. Le istruzioni da dare sono: >>> from pycart import Plane >>> piano=Plane()
66. Omotetie Possiamo studiare le trasformazioni geometriche nel piano cartesiano. pycart ci fornisce i metodi per disegnare: assi, punti, segmenti, poligoni. Scrivere un programma che disegni un poligono e il suo trasformato.
75. Algoritmi Tutti gli esercizi che vengono proposti nei libri scolastici da risolvere con Pascal o C possono essere risolti in modo molto simile anche in Python. Poich辿 Python supporta diversi paradigmi di programmazione, 竪 possibile confrontare soluzioni sostanzialmente diverse allo stesso problema.
76. quicksort Questo non 竪 un problema da presentare nel biennio delle superiori, ma mi sembra possa rappresentare bene la potenza del paradigma funzionale.
82. Documentazione... Libri di testo I libri di testo che vengono proposti per l'adozione nelle scuole presentano esempi ed esercizi in Pascal, C, Java... Di Python neppure l'ombra.
83. Documentazione Documentazione libera Se ne trova molta su Internet. Molta anche in italiano, originale o tradotta. Buoni punti di partenza sono: www.python.org e www.python.it
84. pygraph - doc La libreria pygraph fornisce anche: Un manuale di riferimento con: una introduzione alla programmazione in Python descrizione e esempio per ogni classe e metodo fornito Tre diverse introduzioni alla programmazione: a Python alla geometria della tartaruga alla geometria interattiva Un consistente numero di esempi
85. Materiale didattico in costruzione Sto realizzando: Un testo che pu嘆 essere usato direttamente dagli alunni e che accompagna passo passo il lavoro di laboratorio: introduzione a Python da hello world alla programmazione ad oggetti, introduzione alla geometria della tartaruga, introduzione alla geometria interattiva, introduzione al foglio di calcolo. Schede attive: Algoritmi con Pascal e Python.
86. Prospettive Mogo Kelen Te Sira Be! Una persona da sola non pu嘆 tracciare un sentiero! www.verona.linux.it/Download/Software/files/pygraph-2.02.zip daniele.zambelli presso inwind.it
Editor's Notes
#2: Chi cerca una parola autorevole ha sbagliato posto. In tutti i campi, ma in particolare nella didattica, siamo tutti alla ricerca di strumenti efficaci. L'efficacia forse 竪 pi湛 nella ricerca che negli strumenti.