The document contains questions and answers about networking technologies like Ethernet. It discusses the maximum distance for thick Ethernet without a repeater, common aspects of different versions of Gigabit Ethernet, cable specifications for Gigabit Ethernet, applications that take advantage of 1000BASE-T, factors limiting fiber bandwidth, why half-duplex operation is undesirable for Gigabit Ethernet, devices that can interconnect 1000BASE-T and 100BASE-T networks, applications where Gigabit Ethernet became dominant, transmission modes for 100BASE-TX, media types for 10BASE-T networks, encoding methods for Gigabit Ethernet variants, components needed for a 10BASE-T installation, advantages of 10BASE5 networks, Ethernet
This document contains a chapter from a Cisco networking basics textbook. It includes several multiple choice questions about networking topics like Ethernet standards, cable types, WAN implementations, early Ethernet developers, crossover cable uses, connector types, cable uses, switch benefits, ISDN, and network device definitions. The questions are attributed to a student named Perrine and dated July 15, 2009.
Q1 On Ch10 Routing Fundamentals And Subnetsjerometnewman
?
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts such as IP addressing, subnetting, routing protocols, and the OSI model. Specifically, it asks about determining the subnet address from an IP and subnet mask, benefits of subnetting, minimum bits that can be borrowed for subnetting, link-state routing protocols, routing protocol metrics, facts that can be determined from a subnet mask, the router function of path determination, routed protocols, effects of broadcast storms, processes in packet switching, parts of the IP packet header, non-routable protocols, the field that prevents endless loops, protocols that route based on network number only, and the OSI layer that provides reliable connections.
This deck introduces the Panduit Signature Core Fiber Optic Cabling System, a complete end-to-end solution for high speed applications that enables users to implement 40G in virtually any data center using multimode optics.
Next Generation Fiber Structured Cabling and Migration to 40/100gPanduit
?
The new high speed Ethernet standards, 40GBASE-SR4 and 100GBASE-SR10, will require a change in the fiber cable plant. Here we examine the media and connectivity solutions needed to ease the migration for 10 Gigabit Ethernet to 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet.
Fiber Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) ¨C Design, operations and management best p...Cisco Canada
?
This document discusses best practices for designing, operating, and managing Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) networks. It covers topics such as the benefits of a unified fabric using FCoE, FCoE protocol fundamentals including the FCoE and FIP protocols, Nexus switch FCoE capabilities, design considerations for single-hop and multi-hop FCoE networks, and requirements for lossless Ethernet using data center bridging. The presentation provides an overview of key concepts for implementing FCoE in a converged network infrastructure.
Copper and glass securing the foundation of your 10 gigabit data centersmithponting
?
How much time and money would you save if you
could assure the performance of your data center¡¯s
10 Gigabit Ethernet network, before you turned
up service? How much confidence would you gain
by knowing the 10 Gigabit cabling was installed
according to standards? This Whitepaper describes
changes 10 Gigabit Ethernet brings to the network
infrastructure and the specific steps you can take
to make your new data center network rock-solid.
The Ethernet physical layer is the physical layer component of the Ethernet standard.
The Ethernet physical layer evolved over a considerable time span and encompasses quite a few physical media interfaces and several magnitudes of speed. The speed ranges from 1 Mbit/s to 100 Gbit/s in speed while the physical medium can range from bulky coaxial cable to twisted pair to optical fiber. In general, network protocol stack software will work similarly on all of the following types.
10 Gigabit Ethernet is becoming more popular in both enterprise and carrier networks, with 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet now ratified. Higher speeds are under development. Metcalfe now believes commercial applications using terabit Ethernet may occur by 2015 though he says existing Ethernet standards may have to be overthrown to reach terabit Ethernet.ThesisScientist.com
This document discusses Juniper's data center fabric architecture. It begins by outlining challenges in modern data centers like scale, performance, virtualization support and complexity reduction. It then defines an ideal network fabric with attributes of performance, scalability and resiliency. Juniper's QFabric architecture is presented as separating the data plane across interconnect and edge devices while keeping a federated control and single point of management to achieve the properties of a single logical switch. Hardware components of the QFabric including interconnect and edge nodes are also introduced.
The document summarizes a test report on Cisco ISR G2 integrated services routers. Key findings include:
1) Cisco ISR G2 routers delivered 8 times the performance of previous models and throughput up to 398 Mbps with integrated services enabled.
2) Testing showed the ISR G2 platforms support bandwidth-optimized video and streaming while maintaining throughput above required branch bandwidth levels.
3) The Cisco ISR 3945E delivered the highest performance of the routers tested, with upgraded Service Performance Engines providing up to a 96% increase in throughput over previous models.
Deploying Cisco ISR G2 and ASR 1000 in the EnterpriseCisco Canada
?
This presentation discusses the disrupting networking trends that are changing the Enterprise landscape, scope of these changes include the areas of network security, services delivery, application performance optimization and cloud access in tomorrow's borderless networks. The biggest challenge is to help Enterprise IT scale. Borderless Networks is an architectural approach to networking that, if designed correctly, can automate business and network processes driving down operational cost, thus allowing IT to scale. Cisco ISR G2 and ASR 1000 platforms offer the best in class service richness and flexibility that is needed to deliver the promise of borderless networks and allow users to turn on services on-demand.
Pcdvpcu en ex9200-customer-presentation-1He Hariyadi
?
Juniper EX9200 is programmable Core Switch for Enterprise and Telco, supporting SDN based, 100Gig Ethernet and Full Routing capability for MPLS private networks
The document summarizes testing done on the Cisco ASR1000 Series router, specifically the ASR1004. Router Analysis tested the forwarding performance and functionality of the router under various conditions. Key findings include the ASR1004 exceeding the claimed forwarding rate for basic IPv4 and achieving above-minimum rates when features like ACLs and uRPF were enabled. QoS was found to function properly, protecting higher priority traffic. No head-of-line blocking was observed. Background traffic did not impact QoS performance. The router also supported the intended number of MPLS tunnels without issues. Overall, the ASR1004 performed as expected or better in Router Analysis' tests.
Converged Data Center: FCoE, iSCSI, and the Future of Storage Networking ( EM...EMC
?
The document discusses the convergence of data center networks using Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and iSCSI. It notes that 10Gb Ethernet enables a single network for both storage and LAN, simplifying server infrastructure. FCoE extends Fibre Channel functionality over Ethernet networks, allowing Fibre Channel customers to incrementally adopt converged infrastructure while reusing existing tools. Both iSCSI and FCoE leverage the increased bandwidth of 10Gb Ethernet to drive further data center consolidation.
This document provides an overview of Fibre Channel protocol and components. It describes the Fibre Channel layered architecture including FC-0 through FC-4 layers. It covers Fibre Channel frames, exchanges, sequences, flow control, addresses, port initialization process and common fabric services. Key topics include Fibre Channel protocol makeup, components, transceivers, cables, switches, host bus adapters, world wide names, and fabric login process.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a description for embedded
and network cloud technologies that enable remote monitoring and control of sensors
and systems. IoT can be used in commercial, industrial, utility and residential applications.
You¡¯ll find the IoT¡¯s remote monitoring and control applications in hospitals, parking lots,
shipping departments, and even bathrooms.
This document discusses PCN InterMax products, which allow industrial networks to migrate from legacy fieldbus and proprietary networks to Ethernet over existing cabling infrastructure without requiring new cabling installation. InterMax products use advanced cable repurposing technology to transmit high-bandwidth IP networks over various copper cabling types, including coaxial cabling. They provide a scalable solution for upgrading an entire facility's network that was previously not possible using traditional gateway and media conversion methods. InterMax products are designed for reliability in harsh industrial environments and make migrating to Ethernet networks using existing cabling easy and cost-effective.
The AP-5131 access point provides wired and wireless connectivity for small offices and branch locations using a single device. It features dual-radio, dual-band 802.11a/b/g technology, integrated routing and security services, and can operate in an adaptive AP mode to enable central management from a wireless switch located elsewhere. The device also supports mesh networking to extend wireless coverage to remote areas without wired connections.
Webcast: Reduce latency, improve analytics and maximize asset utilization in ...Emulex Corporation
?
Join Emulex and Myricom experts to learn how to maximize performance in HFT, network security, network analytics and video content delivery environments with Emulex Network Xceleration (NX) solutions.
This webcast will discuss ways of reducing latency, increasing asset utilization and improving network analytics in high performance networks.
This document provides an overview and configuration instructions for deploying Carrier Ethernet services on the Cisco ASR 9000 router. It begins with an introduction to Carrier Ethernet and the Cisco ASR 9000 platform. It then covers the configuration of Ethernet flow points (EFPs) to classify and rewrite VLAN tags. The document details various Ethernet service types including point-to-point local connect and VPWS services, as well as multipoint bridging and VPLS services. It concludes with sections on operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) and best practices.
Understanding CleanAir Technology to improve enterprise WLAN spectrum managementCisco Mobility
?
Managing the Radio Frequency and Spectrum is a critical challenge for modern WLAN networks especially with advanced applications like VoWLAN. This session looks at the theory of operations and best practices for taking advantage of Radio Resource Management and usage of several tools included or available from Cisco like ?Planning Mode? and ?Cisco Spectrum Expert?. Learn More: http://www.cisco.com/go/cleanair
This document discusses software-defined optical networks (SDON). It summarizes that SDON separates the control and data planes in networks, with a centralized controller taking command. The benefits include more efficient utilization of network resources through identifying packet flows and making smarter decisions. SDON also enables dynamic provisioning of network infrastructure to match daily traffic patterns. While direct control of optical networks offers most benefits, indirect control through an orchestration layer is easier to implement initially.
CableFree MIMO OFDM Radios from Wireless Excellence provide reliable point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and mesh wireless broadband solutions using OFDM technology. The product range includes integrated radios with up to 5 radio interfaces and 650Mbps bandwidth. The radios are deployed in over 70 countries and 4,000 installations to power broadband networks, CCTV, and more. Customers choose CableFree for its high performance, flexibility, and cost-effective wireless solutions backed by Wireless Excellence's service and support.
We will also discuss optimizations for MPI collectives communications, that are frequently used for processes synchronization and show how their performance is critical for scalable, high-performance applications.
This chapter introduces fundamental networking concepts including networking principles, types of networks, networking components, LAN topologies, standards organizations, Ethernet standards, the OSI and TCP/IP models, configuring network interfaces, and network troubleshooting. It aims to provide students with the knowledge needed to install devices on a network and understand basic networking concepts. The chapter covers various networking terms and technologies and includes worksheets, labs, and Packet Tracer activities for students.
§ª§ß§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ä§Ö§Ü§ä§å§â§Ö §Þ§Ñ§â§ê§â§å§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ ASR9K. §´§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Ó§Ú§ä§â§å§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú...Cisco Russia
?
The document discusses Cisco's ASR 9000 architecture which is designed for service provider edge and aggregation networks as well as large data centers. It provides an overview of the ASR 9000 chassis, including the ASR 9001, ASR 9006, ASR 9010, and ASR 9922 models. The agenda outlines discussing the hardware overview, system architecture including fabric and line card design, packet flows, and the ASR 9000 nV architecture.
The document provides an overview of the Cisco ASR 9000 router platform, including:
- It uses 6 and 10 slot chassis that can accommodate various line cards up to 400 Gbps and is designed to scale to higher speeds.
- Key components include the Route Switch Processor (RSP) for control plane functions, multiple line cards, and a high performance switch fabric.
- The switch fabric provides redundant data planes and control planes to ensure high availability. It uses arbitration to allocate bandwidth and support multicast traffic replication.
- The line cards come in various configurations up to 80 Gbps and support different port densities and speeds. Future cards will enable 400 Gbps capabilities.
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts. It discusses ways to reduce collisions in a LAN, such as reducing collision domains or adding managed switches. It also covers switching techniques like cut-through switching, which transfers frames as soon as the destination MAC is read, and store-and-forward switching. Additional topics include BPDUs, broadcast storms, and factors routers use to make forwarding decisions like destination IP addresses.
This document contains questions and answers about networking concepts from Cisco Networking Basics Chapter 2. It discusses LANs and their business needs, disadvantages of electronic bulletin boards, LAN design goals, WAN technologies, reasons for networking standards, problems networks experienced in the 1980s, factors that determine throughput, and tools for estimating network performance. The document also covers the OSI model, encapsulation details, network device types, VPN technologies, bandwidth characteristics, and transmission times on T1 links.
100G networking technology is becoming more mature and widely adopted to handle increasing bandwidth demands. It provides significantly higher speeds than 10G networking, with lower latency and higher packet processing capabilities. Key technologies include 100G Ethernet, InfiniBand EDR, and Intel's OmniPath. These support a variety of form factors and can be split into lower speeds. While 100G NICs and switches are available, software and operating systems need improvements to fully leverage the capabilities and handle the throughput, such as integrating RDMA for high performance.
The document summarizes a test report on Cisco ISR G2 integrated services routers. Key findings include:
1) Cisco ISR G2 routers delivered 8 times the performance of previous models and throughput up to 398 Mbps with integrated services enabled.
2) Testing showed the ISR G2 platforms support bandwidth-optimized video and streaming while maintaining throughput above required branch bandwidth levels.
3) The Cisco ISR 3945E delivered the highest performance of the routers tested, with upgraded Service Performance Engines providing up to a 96% increase in throughput over previous models.
Deploying Cisco ISR G2 and ASR 1000 in the EnterpriseCisco Canada
?
This presentation discusses the disrupting networking trends that are changing the Enterprise landscape, scope of these changes include the areas of network security, services delivery, application performance optimization and cloud access in tomorrow's borderless networks. The biggest challenge is to help Enterprise IT scale. Borderless Networks is an architectural approach to networking that, if designed correctly, can automate business and network processes driving down operational cost, thus allowing IT to scale. Cisco ISR G2 and ASR 1000 platforms offer the best in class service richness and flexibility that is needed to deliver the promise of borderless networks and allow users to turn on services on-demand.
Pcdvpcu en ex9200-customer-presentation-1He Hariyadi
?
Juniper EX9200 is programmable Core Switch for Enterprise and Telco, supporting SDN based, 100Gig Ethernet and Full Routing capability for MPLS private networks
The document summarizes testing done on the Cisco ASR1000 Series router, specifically the ASR1004. Router Analysis tested the forwarding performance and functionality of the router under various conditions. Key findings include the ASR1004 exceeding the claimed forwarding rate for basic IPv4 and achieving above-minimum rates when features like ACLs and uRPF were enabled. QoS was found to function properly, protecting higher priority traffic. No head-of-line blocking was observed. Background traffic did not impact QoS performance. The router also supported the intended number of MPLS tunnels without issues. Overall, the ASR1004 performed as expected or better in Router Analysis' tests.
Converged Data Center: FCoE, iSCSI, and the Future of Storage Networking ( EM...EMC
?
The document discusses the convergence of data center networks using Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and iSCSI. It notes that 10Gb Ethernet enables a single network for both storage and LAN, simplifying server infrastructure. FCoE extends Fibre Channel functionality over Ethernet networks, allowing Fibre Channel customers to incrementally adopt converged infrastructure while reusing existing tools. Both iSCSI and FCoE leverage the increased bandwidth of 10Gb Ethernet to drive further data center consolidation.
This document provides an overview of Fibre Channel protocol and components. It describes the Fibre Channel layered architecture including FC-0 through FC-4 layers. It covers Fibre Channel frames, exchanges, sequences, flow control, addresses, port initialization process and common fabric services. Key topics include Fibre Channel protocol makeup, components, transceivers, cables, switches, host bus adapters, world wide names, and fabric login process.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a description for embedded
and network cloud technologies that enable remote monitoring and control of sensors
and systems. IoT can be used in commercial, industrial, utility and residential applications.
You¡¯ll find the IoT¡¯s remote monitoring and control applications in hospitals, parking lots,
shipping departments, and even bathrooms.
This document discusses PCN InterMax products, which allow industrial networks to migrate from legacy fieldbus and proprietary networks to Ethernet over existing cabling infrastructure without requiring new cabling installation. InterMax products use advanced cable repurposing technology to transmit high-bandwidth IP networks over various copper cabling types, including coaxial cabling. They provide a scalable solution for upgrading an entire facility's network that was previously not possible using traditional gateway and media conversion methods. InterMax products are designed for reliability in harsh industrial environments and make migrating to Ethernet networks using existing cabling easy and cost-effective.
The AP-5131 access point provides wired and wireless connectivity for small offices and branch locations using a single device. It features dual-radio, dual-band 802.11a/b/g technology, integrated routing and security services, and can operate in an adaptive AP mode to enable central management from a wireless switch located elsewhere. The device also supports mesh networking to extend wireless coverage to remote areas without wired connections.
Webcast: Reduce latency, improve analytics and maximize asset utilization in ...Emulex Corporation
?
Join Emulex and Myricom experts to learn how to maximize performance in HFT, network security, network analytics and video content delivery environments with Emulex Network Xceleration (NX) solutions.
This webcast will discuss ways of reducing latency, increasing asset utilization and improving network analytics in high performance networks.
This document provides an overview and configuration instructions for deploying Carrier Ethernet services on the Cisco ASR 9000 router. It begins with an introduction to Carrier Ethernet and the Cisco ASR 9000 platform. It then covers the configuration of Ethernet flow points (EFPs) to classify and rewrite VLAN tags. The document details various Ethernet service types including point-to-point local connect and VPWS services, as well as multipoint bridging and VPLS services. It concludes with sections on operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) and best practices.
Understanding CleanAir Technology to improve enterprise WLAN spectrum managementCisco Mobility
?
Managing the Radio Frequency and Spectrum is a critical challenge for modern WLAN networks especially with advanced applications like VoWLAN. This session looks at the theory of operations and best practices for taking advantage of Radio Resource Management and usage of several tools included or available from Cisco like ?Planning Mode? and ?Cisco Spectrum Expert?. Learn More: http://www.cisco.com/go/cleanair
This document discusses software-defined optical networks (SDON). It summarizes that SDON separates the control and data planes in networks, with a centralized controller taking command. The benefits include more efficient utilization of network resources through identifying packet flows and making smarter decisions. SDON also enables dynamic provisioning of network infrastructure to match daily traffic patterns. While direct control of optical networks offers most benefits, indirect control through an orchestration layer is easier to implement initially.
CableFree MIMO OFDM Radios from Wireless Excellence provide reliable point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and mesh wireless broadband solutions using OFDM technology. The product range includes integrated radios with up to 5 radio interfaces and 650Mbps bandwidth. The radios are deployed in over 70 countries and 4,000 installations to power broadband networks, CCTV, and more. Customers choose CableFree for its high performance, flexibility, and cost-effective wireless solutions backed by Wireless Excellence's service and support.
We will also discuss optimizations for MPI collectives communications, that are frequently used for processes synchronization and show how their performance is critical for scalable, high-performance applications.
This chapter introduces fundamental networking concepts including networking principles, types of networks, networking components, LAN topologies, standards organizations, Ethernet standards, the OSI and TCP/IP models, configuring network interfaces, and network troubleshooting. It aims to provide students with the knowledge needed to install devices on a network and understand basic networking concepts. The chapter covers various networking terms and technologies and includes worksheets, labs, and Packet Tracer activities for students.
§ª§ß§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ä§Ö§Ü§ä§å§â§Ö §Þ§Ñ§â§ê§â§å§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ ASR9K. §´§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Ó§Ú§ä§â§å§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú...Cisco Russia
?
The document discusses Cisco's ASR 9000 architecture which is designed for service provider edge and aggregation networks as well as large data centers. It provides an overview of the ASR 9000 chassis, including the ASR 9001, ASR 9006, ASR 9010, and ASR 9922 models. The agenda outlines discussing the hardware overview, system architecture including fabric and line card design, packet flows, and the ASR 9000 nV architecture.
The document provides an overview of the Cisco ASR 9000 router platform, including:
- It uses 6 and 10 slot chassis that can accommodate various line cards up to 400 Gbps and is designed to scale to higher speeds.
- Key components include the Route Switch Processor (RSP) for control plane functions, multiple line cards, and a high performance switch fabric.
- The switch fabric provides redundant data planes and control planes to ensure high availability. It uses arbitration to allocate bandwidth and support multicast traffic replication.
- The line cards come in various configurations up to 80 Gbps and support different port densities and speeds. Future cards will enable 400 Gbps capabilities.
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts. It discusses ways to reduce collisions in a LAN, such as reducing collision domains or adding managed switches. It also covers switching techniques like cut-through switching, which transfers frames as soon as the destination MAC is read, and store-and-forward switching. Additional topics include BPDUs, broadcast storms, and factors routers use to make forwarding decisions like destination IP addresses.
This document contains questions and answers about networking concepts from Cisco Networking Basics Chapter 2. It discusses LANs and their business needs, disadvantages of electronic bulletin boards, LAN design goals, WAN technologies, reasons for networking standards, problems networks experienced in the 1980s, factors that determine throughput, and tools for estimating network performance. The document also covers the OSI model, encapsulation details, network device types, VPN technologies, bandwidth characteristics, and transmission times on T1 links.
100G networking technology is becoming more mature and widely adopted to handle increasing bandwidth demands. It provides significantly higher speeds than 10G networking, with lower latency and higher packet processing capabilities. Key technologies include 100G Ethernet, InfiniBand EDR, and Intel's OmniPath. These support a variety of form factors and can be split into lower speeds. While 100G NICs and switches are available, software and operating systems need improvements to fully leverage the capabilities and handle the throughput, such as integrating RDMA for high performance.
10 Gigabit Ethernet Technology
?
Description: This presentation shows the use of 10 Gigabit Ethernet Technology
?
10 Gigabit Ethernet?(10GE,?10GbE, or?10 GigE) is a group of?computer networking?technologies for transmitting?Ethernet frames?at a rate of 10?gigabits per second. It was first defined by the?IEEE 802.3ae-2002?standard. Unlike previous Ethernet standards, 10 Gigabit Ethernet defines only?full-duplex?point-to-point links which are generally connected by?network switches; shared-medium?CSMA/CD?operation has not been carried over from the previous generations Ethernet standards[1]?so half-duplex operation and?repeater hubs?do not exist in 10GbE.
Contents:
?
Introduction
History
Evolution of 10 Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gigabit Ethernet Technology Overview ( 10GbE )
10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard
10 GbE Architectures
Applications For 10GbE
Using Fiber In 10 GbE
The Future Of 10 GbE
10 GbE Market Overview
Conclusion- Potentially lowest total cost of ownership (infrastructure/operational/human capital) Straight forward migration to higher performance levels, Proven multi-vendor and installed base interoperability (Plug and Play) and Familiar network management feature set.
Keywords: Qualitia, Technology, Internet, Ethernet, Fiber, Gigabit. Introduction and History of Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet Technology Overview ( 10GbE ), 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard, 10 GbE Architectures, Applications For 10GbE, Using Fiber In 10 GbE, The Future Of 10 GbE, 10 GbE Market
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) provides high-speed networking at 10 Gbps using fiber optic cables. It retains the Ethernet MAC protocol and frame formats. 10GbE uses two encoding steps and fiber optic media, and remains true to the original Ethernet model. It enables applications in LANs, MANs, WANs and SANs by providing increased bandwidth for bandwidth-hungry uses. 10GbE also provides the infrastructure for network-attached storage and storage area networks.
This document provides information on designing structured cabling systems, including premises and backbone cabling. It discusses network-specific and open cabling systems, as well as centralized and distributed network architectures. Key considerations for cabling system design include applications, hardware, software, physical plant and cost. The document also covers telecommunications outlet placement, telecommunications and equipment room design, horizontal and backbone cabling, media types, and standards bodies. Diagrams illustrate typical topologies, pathways, and closet layouts.
1) The document introduces ExpEther and Wireless ExpEther, which extend PCI Express over Ethernet and provide reliable low-latency wireless connections, respectively.
2) ExpEther allows PCIe devices to be disaggregated over Ethernet networks while maintaining compatibility with existing software. Wireless ExpEther aggregates multiple wireless links to provide a virtual reliable connection with latency under 1ms.
3) NEC offers these technologies as IP cores and evaluation modules to enable wireless solutions for applications that require latency under 10ms, such as industrial robots, AGVs, and machine tools.
The document compares Ethernet and InfiniBand networking technologies. It summarizes that InfiniBand provides more reliable transport than Ethernet through hardware-based retransmission and CRC checks. It also enables higher performance switching through cut-through routing and larger, lower cost switches compared to Ethernet technologies. InfiniBand further supports reliable direct memory access without TCP/IP overhead.
The document is a chapter from a Cisco networking basics textbook. It contains multiple choice questions about networking topics like network cabling, fiber optics, and wireless transmission. The questions cover topics such as the types of signals carried by different cable types, the characteristics of various cabling standards, and potential sources of interference for wireless networks.
This document discusses selecting technologies and designing campus networks. It covers cabling topologies, cable types, LAN technologies like Ethernet, and considerations for selecting internetworking devices. Key criteria for devices include ports, processing speed, supported protocols, manageability, and optimization/QoS features. The document also provides an example campus network design for a community college.
This document provides an overview of high speed backbone network design and routing. It discusses key elements of backbone networks including fiber optics, layer 2 and 3 switches, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), quality of service measures, and resilience. Fiber optic cables provide benefits like high bandwidth, low loss, and security. Layer 2 switches operate at the data link layer, while layer 3 switches perform both layer 2 and layer 3 functions for improved performance. DWDM combines multiple light wavelengths on a single fiber to increase bandwidth. Quality of service and resilience features ensure high throughput and network stability.
A Survey on Key Technology Trends for 5G NetworksCPqD
?
The document discusses key technology trends for 5G networks, including higher spectrum usage through technologies like carrier aggregation and operation in millimeter wave bands. It also covers multi-Gbps transmission rates using new waveforms, massive MIMO arrays, and highly dense and flexible network architectures utilizing small cells and network function virtualization. The conclusion is that 5G networks will be driven by data traffic growth and enable ubiquitous services, but further work is still needed to support innovative services in both urban and rural areas.
This document provides an overview of optical Ethernet. It defines optical Ethernet as using fiber optic cables to transmit Ethernet data at high speeds. The document outlines the different types of optical Ethernet including standard Ethernet, fast Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, and 10 gigabit Ethernet. It describes how optical Ethernet works and recent trends like optical Ethernet switches. The document also discusses the frame structure, advantages, disadvantages and applications of optical Ethernet.
H3C HP Networking IRF2 Technology & Products Introduction 201212Wilson Cheung
?
This document introduces H3C's IRF2 technology and products. IRF2 allows multiple physical devices to be virtualized as a single logical device for high performance, reliability, and manageability. Key benefits of IRF2 include doubled performance through active-active operation, centralized management through a single configuration file, and fast recovery time through elimination of STP. The document discusses various H3C switch products that support IRF2 including the S12500 series, which can virtualize up to 32 physical chassis into one logical device.
The document contains a chapter from a Cisco networking basics textbook. It includes several questions and answers about networking topics like network interface cards, IP addressing, subnet masking, and hexadecimal conversion. The questions are multiple choice and cover topics such as the functions of web browsers, types of broadband internet connections, components of computers, and factors to consider when purchasing a network interface card.
This document discusses the benefits of 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE) for reducing latency. It states that 10GE allows for lower CPU utilization and reduced latency within servers compared to Gigabit Ethernet. It also discusses that while Infiniband promised low latency, it required application rewrites and added complexity due to needing translation to Ethernet outside local networks. The document explores 10GE cabling options like SFP+ which provide the lowest latency, and network interface cards that support technologies like RDMA for further reducing latency within servers. With the right hardware and software, organizations can see over an 80% reduction in overall end-to-end latency by moving from Gigabit Ethernet to 10GE.
This document discusses mobile backhaul and Ethernet 4G (E4G) solutions from Extreme Networks. It provides an overview of key areas of investment for service providers, including mobile backhaul, campus, datacenter, and virtualization networks. It also describes Extreme's E4G product lines for cell site routers and aggregation routers, which provide carrier-grade Ethernet switching and resiliency, as well as timing and pseudowire functionality to support 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks.
The XFP-10G-MM-SR is a 10 Gigabit Ethernet transceiver module that supports data rates up to 10Gbps over multi-mode fiber optic cable. It uses an 850nm laser and supports distances up to 300 meters on OM3 fiber. The module plugs into an XFP port on a Cisco router or switch to connect the device to the network over multi-mode fiber. It complies with standards such as 10GBASE-SR and supports features such as hot-swapping and optical power monitoring.
The document discusses Intel network cards and their performance. It explains that throughput and CPU utilization are key metrics, with higher throughput and lower CPU utilization being better. It then describes Intel Adaptive Technology which can automatically adjust packet spacing and reduce collisions to improve these metrics. Testing showed it reduced CPU utilization by 20% and interrupt rates from 2800 to 900. It also allows hardware optimization for different operating systems.
Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a low-power wireless technology standard developed for connectivity of devices and services requiring low data rates. It has advantages over generic networks like low power consumption, high indoor coverage, large number of device connections per cell, and higher security. NB-IoT is designed for fixed IoT devices, while eMTC (LTE Cat M1) is designed for moving IoT devices. Sri Lanka was the first South Asian country to commercially deploy an NB-IoT network, with two carriers currently supporting it across different frequency bands. Developers can use NB-IoT enabled boards to prototype devices that can then be manufactured at low cost in small form factors with features like GPS
1. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
What is the maximum distance for thick Ethernet without using a repeater?
1. 185m (606.95 ft.)
2. 250m (820.2 ft.)
3. 500m (1640.4 ft.)
4. 800m (2624.64 ft.)
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 1
2. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
What is the maximum distance for thick Ethernet without using a repeater?
? 185m (606.95 ft.)
? 250m (820.2 ft.)
? 500m (1640.4 ft.)
? 800m (2624.64 ft.)
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 2
3. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following are common to all versions of Gigabit Ethernet? (Choose
three.)
1. packet size
2. frame format
3. medium
4. timing
5. transmission
6. wavelength
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 3
4. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following are common to all versions of Gigabit Ethernet? (Choose
three.)
? packet size
? frame format
? medium
? timing
? transmission
? wavelength
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 4
7. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which applications take advantage of the increased data transport speeds
provided by 1000BASE-T? (Choose four.)
1. inter-switch links
2. video streaming applications
3. server to DAT backup drive links
4. thin clients and their servers
5. intra-building backbones
6. network connected printers
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 7
8. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which applications take advantage of the increased data transport speeds
provided by 1000BASE-T? (Choose four.)
? inter-switch links
? video streaming applications
? server to DAT backup drive links
? thin clients and their servers
? intra-building backbones
? network connected printers
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 8
9. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following has limited the bandwidth of fiber based Ethernet?
(Choose three.)
1. emitter technology
2. absolute fiber light-carrying capacities
3. theoretical limits of fiber capacity
4. fiber manufacturing processes
5. detector technology
6. angles and curves in the fiber run
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 9
10. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following has limited the bandwidth of fiber based Ethernet?
(Choose three.)
? emitter technology
? absolute fiber light-carrying capacities
? theoretical limits of fiber capacity
? fiber manufacturing processes
? detector technology
? angles and curves in the fiber run
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 10
11. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Why is the half-duplex operation undesirable for Gigabit Ethernet? (Choose
three.)
1. Gigabit Ethernet is inherently full-duplex.
2. Half-duplex operation reduces the effective cable lengths.
3. Half-duplex Gigabit Ethernet will need thicker cable for full operation
support.
4. Half-duplex Gigabit Ethernet requires native mode NRZ conversion.
5. Half-duplex operation introduces increased overhead by the carrier
extension.
6. Half-duplex requires the use of more expensive equipment with larger
sized buffers.
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 11
12. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Why is the half-duplex operation undesirable for Gigabit Ethernet? (Choose
three.)
? Gigabit Ethernet is inherently full-duplex.
? Half-duplex operation reduces the effective cable lengths.
? Half-duplex Gigabit Ethernet will need thicker cable for full operation
support.
? Half-duplex Gigabit Ethernet requires native mode NRZ conversion.
? Half-duplex operation introduces increased overhead by the
carrier extension.
? Half-duplex requires the use of more expensive equipment with larger
sized buffers.
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 12
13. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which type of device could be used to interconnect a 1000BASE-T network to
a 100BASE-T network? (Choose two.)
1. multi-port hub
2. speed adapting repeater
3. Layer 2 bridge
4. repeating NIC
5. multi-port Layer 3 bridge
6. switch
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 13
14. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which type of device could be used to interconnect a 1000BASE-T network to
a 100BASE-T network? (Choose two.)
? multi-port hub
? speed adapting repeater
? Layer 2 bridge
? repeating NIC
? multi-port Layer 3 bridge
? switch
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 14
15. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Gigabit Ethernet rapidly became the dominant technology for which
applications? (Choose three.)
1. general infrastructure needs
2. general client to server links
3. high-speed cross-connects
4. backbone installations
5. thick client connectivity
6. thin client connectivity
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 15
16. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Gigabit Ethernet rapidly became the dominant technology for which
applications? (Choose three.)
? general infrastructure needs
? general client to server links
? high-speed cross-connects
? backbone installations
? thick client connectivity
? thin client connectivity
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 16
19. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which media types can be used in an implementation of a 10BASE-T network?
(Choose three.)
1. Category 5 UTP
2. Category 5e UTP
3. Category 3 UTP
4. coaxial cable
5. multi-mode fiber
6. single mode fiber
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 19
20. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which media types can be used in an implementation of a 10BASE-T network?
(Choose three.)
? Category 5 UTP
? Category 5e UTP
? Category 3 UTP
? coaxial cable
? multi-mode fiber
? single mode fiber
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 20
21. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
4D-PAM5 encoding method is used in which of the following Gigabit Ethernet?
1. 1000BASE-LX
2. 1000BASE-SX
3. 1000BASE-T
4. 1000BASE-CX
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 21
22. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
4D-PAM5 encoding method is used in which of the following Gigabit Ethernet?
? 1000BASE-LX
? 1000BASE-SX
? 1000BASE-T
? 1000BASE-CX
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 22
23. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
For a network manager planning the installation of a new network, which of the
following will be needed to implement a typical 10BASE-T network installation?
(Choose three.)
1. RJ-11
2. BNC connectors
3. RJ-48 patch cables
4. RJ-45 connectors
5. Category 5 UTP cables
6. hubs or switches
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 23
24. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
For a network manager planning the installation of a new network, which of the
following will be needed to implement a typical 10BASE-T network installation?
(Choose three.)
? RJ-11
? BNC connectors
? RJ-48 patch cables
? RJ-45 connectors
? Category 5 UTP cables
? hubs or switches
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 24
25. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following were considered advantages of 10BASE5 networks?
(Choose two.)
1. easy to install
2. easy to find hardware
3. inexpensive
4. no configuration
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 25
26. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following were considered advantages of 10BASE5 networks?
(Choose two.)
? easy to install
? easy to find hardware
? inexpensive
? no configuration
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 26
27. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following Ethernet technologies share the same timing
parameters? (Choose three.)
1. 10BASE2
2. 10BASE5
3. 10BASE-T
4. 100BASE-TX
5. 100BASE-FX
6. 100BASE-RX
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 27
28. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following Ethernet technologies share the same timing
parameters? (Choose three.)
? 10BASE2
? 10BASE5
? 10BASE-T
? 100BASE-TX
? 100BASE-FX
? 100BASE-RX
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 28
29. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which LX4 serial bit stream is used to support four-bit simultaneous
wavelengths?
1. WWDD
2. WWJD
3. WWDM
4. 4B/5B
5. 8B/10B
6. 64B/66B
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 29
30. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which LX4 serial bit stream is used to support four-bit simultaneous
wavelengths?
? WWDD
? WWJD
? WWDM
? 4B/5B
? 8B/10B
? 64B/66B
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 30
31. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following is the line encoding conversion used by 1000BASE-X?
1. SRS
2. PCM
3. NZS
4. B8ZS
5. NRZ
6. ASCII
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 31
32. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which of the following is the line encoding conversion used by 1000BASE-X?
? SRS
? PCM
? NZS
? B8ZS
? NRZ
? ASCII
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 32
33. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which class of repeater changes between one Ethernet implementation and
another?
1. Class I
2. Class II
3. Class III
4. Class IV
5. Class V
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 33
34. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
Which class of repeater changes between one Ethernet implementation and
another?
? Class I
? Class II
? Class III
? Class IV
? Class V
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 34
35. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
What is the transmission medium for 1000BASE-SX?
1. Long-wave laser over single-mode and multimode fiber
2. Category 5 UTP copper wiring
3. Balanced, shielded, 150 ohm, two-pair STP copper cable
4. Short-wave laser over multimode fiber
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 35
36. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
What is the transmission medium for 1000BASE-SX?
? Long-wave laser over single-mode and multimode fiber
? Category 5 UTP copper wiring
? Balanced, shielded, 150 ohm, two-pair STP copper cable
? Short-wave laser over multimode fiber
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 36
37. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
What is the IEEE standard for 10-Gb Ethernet?
1. 802.3z
2. 802.3u
3. 802.3ae
4. 803.3
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 37
38. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 7
What is the IEEE standard for 10-Gb Ethernet?
? 802.3z
? 802.3u
? 802.3ae
? 803.3
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 38