This document provides an overview of a reservoir engineering course covering topics like:
- PSS and skin concepts for radial flow of single- and multi-phase fluids
- Turbulent versus laminar flow and models for turbulent/non-Darcy flow
- The concept of superposition and its applications, including effects of multiple wells, rate changes, boundaries, and pressure changes
- Transient well testing methods and the information they provide about a reservoir's properties
This document describes various methods for generating and predicting inflow performance relationships (IPRs), including Vogel's method, Wiggins' method, and Standing's method. Vogel's method uses dimensionless parameters and curve fitting to develop IPR curves from reservoir simulation data. Wiggins' method similarly develops generalized IPR correlations through reservoir modeling. Standing's method extends Vogel's approach by introducing the zero-drawdown productivity index to allow prediction of future IPRs based on declining reservoir pressure.
This document provides an overview of reservoir engineering concepts related to gas well performance. It discusses different methods for approximating inflow performance relationships (IPRs) for gas wells under various flow regimes, including the pseudosteady state, and accounting for laminar versus turbulent flow. Empirical models are presented for calculating gas flow rates based on reservoir properties, fluid properties, and operating pressures. The document also examines pressure regions and appropriate approaches for each, such as using real gas pseudopressure or a pressure-squared method at low pressures.
This document provides an overview of unsteady-state flow and the diffusivity equation, which is used to model pressure changes over time in reservoirs. It discusses the assumptions and solutions of the diffusivity equation, including the Ei-function and dimensionless pressure drop solutions. The constant-terminal pressure and constant-terminal rate solutions are examined. Graphs demonstrate how pressure profiles change over different times based on these solutions. The document also explores using dimensionless variables to simplify analyses of unsteady-state flow regimes.
The document discusses reservoir engineering concepts including Welge analysis and breakthrough determination. It describes how to construct fractional flow curves and use them with Welge analysis to determine water saturation profiles over time, the time to breakthrough, average water saturation, and cumulative water injection. The key steps are: 1) constructing the fractional flow curve; 2) drawing a tangent line to determine water saturation at the front and water cut; 3) using equations to calculate distance traveled and develop saturation profiles. Breakthrough occurs when the front reaches the production well, determined using pore volume and well spacing. Average saturation is found where the tangent intersects a water cut of 1.
This document discusses various techniques for directional drilling, including whipstocks, downhole motors, and steerable bottom hole assemblies. It provides details on running procedures for open hole and casing whipstocks. Downhole motors use bent subs or housing designs to create deflections, with adjustable bent subs allowing changes without tripping. Later sections discuss benefits of smaller bit offsets with designs like double-tilted universal joint housings, which allow both sliding and rotary drilling.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in reservoir fluid properties including:
- Formation volume factors (Bo and Bt) which relate the volume of oil and gas in the reservoir to stock tank conditions.
- Methods for determining PVT properties like gas solubility and Bo/Bt through laboratory experiments as pressure changes.
- Key fluid properties like bubble point pressure, compressibility, and molecular weight that impact reservoir performance.
- Techniques for estimating fluid properties using correlations with parameters like boiling point and API gravity.
This document provides an overview of well logging concepts and techniques. It discusses key well log formats and presentations, including standard tracks used for depth, resistivity, porosity, and other measurements. Common logs like SP, gamma ray, resistivity, neutron, and density are examined. Signatures indicating lithology, fluid content, and invasion are described. Proper interpretation requires understanding scales, crossovers caused by lithology changes, and matrix effects. An example of logs in a horizontal well is also provided.
The document provides an overview of well logging techniques using electrode devices. It discusses both unfocused and focused electrode devices, as well as microelectrode devices which have smaller electrode spacings and shallower depths of investigation. Various electrode device applications are described, including using the measurement of invaded zone resistivity (Rxo) to estimate porosity, identify movable oil, and determine residual hydrocarbon saturation. Later developments included dipmeter devices to measure bedding orientation and resistivity images of the borehole wall.
The document provides an overview of well logging techniques and the evolution of electrical logging tools. It discusses early unfocused devices like the short normal and their limitations in thin beds and high-contrast formations due to borehole effects. It then covers the development of focused devices using guard electrodes to direct current, including the Laterolog principle and dual laterolog tools. It explains how dual laterologs combine deep and shallow measurements to obtain accurate resistivity readings with reduced borehole effect sensitivity.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in reservoir engineering related to waterflooding, including:
1) Fractional flow curves and how injection parameters like viscosity, formation dip, and rate affect the water cut. Higher oil viscosity or water viscosity results in a higher/lower water cut respectively. Uphill injection improves displacement efficiency.
2) The frontal advance equation describes how water saturation progresses through a reservoir based on the slope of the fractional flow curve and injection rate.
3) Equations show the relationships between reservoir water cut, surface water cut, and water-oil ratios both at reservoir and surface conditions.
This document outlines various methods for predicting the inflow performance relationship (IPR) for vertical and horizontal oil wells. It discusses Vogel's, Wiggins', Standing's, and Fetkovich's methods for predicting the IPR and future IPR of vertical wells based on reservoir pressure decline. It also covers horizontal well advantages, drainage area calculations, and approaches for modeling steady-state and pseudosteady-state flow performance of horizontal wells. The document provides step-by-step explanations of each IPR prediction technique.
This document covers reservoir engineering concepts related to properties of gas, oil, and water in reservoirs. It discusses key properties like gas compressibility, oil viscosity and density. It explains how to calculate properties of dead oil, saturated oil and undersaturated oil using various correlations. Laboratory analysis and experiments for determining fluid properties are also summarized, including different types of tests. The document provides methods to estimate properties like oil and water viscosity, gas solubility in water, and water compressibility.
The document provides an overview of a course on reservoir fluid properties. It covers the following topics:
1. An introduction to petroleum engineering and the importance of understanding reservoir fluids.
2. The formation and extraction of petroleum, including drilling and production.
3. The constituents of reservoir fluids including hydrocarbon components like methane, paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics. It also discusses non-hydrocarbon components like water, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
4. The phase behavior of pure components and mixtures, including phase envelopes and using pressure-temperature and pressure-volume diagrams to illustrate behavior.
This document provides an overview of a reservoir fluid properties course for petroleum engineering students. The 2-credit, weekly course aims to describe how oil and gas behave under different conditions. Lectures will be divided into two 50-slide sections with a short break. Students will be assessed based on class activities, a midterm exam, and a final exam. The 16-lecture course will cover topics like phase behavior of hydrocarbons, PVT experiments, equations of state, fluid properties, and relevant software. The course is designed to help students understand how reservoir fluids are modeled and their importance in petroleum engineering.
This document provides an overview of induction logging techniques. It discusses the principles behind induction logging tools, including how they use transmitter and receiver coils to measure formation conductivity. It describes different coil configurations and focusing methods used to obtain measurements at various depths. The document also covers induction log corrections for effects like shoulder beds, borehole conditions, and skin effect. It provides an example induction log showing identification of thick and thin hydrocarbon zones.
The document provides an overview of spontaneous potential (SP) well logging. It discusses the origins and mechanisms of SP, including the liquid junction potential generated at interfaces between solutions of different salinities and the membrane potential caused by cation selectivity of shales. SP can be used to identify permeable zones and determine formation water resistivity. The largest SP deflections occur when there is a difference in salinity between the mud filtrate and formation water. The document includes examples of SP responses over different geological formations.
This document provides an overview of well logging techniques, beginning with early electrical logging tools like the short normal device. It discusses the shortcomings of these unfocused devices in dealing with conductive borehole mud and thin resistive beds. Later sections describe the development of focused devices like the Laterolog, which aim to force current into the formation and reduce borehole effects. These include the Laterolog-3 with guard electrodes and Laterolog-7 with additional monitoring electrodes to further improve current focusing.
This document provides an overview of reservoir engineering concepts for predicting vertical oil well performance, including productivity index, inflow performance relationship, and methods for modeling these relationships. It discusses key topics like:
- Defining and measuring productivity index using stabilized well test data
- How productivity index, inflow performance relationship, and well flow rates relate under pseudosteady state conditions
- Factors influencing productivity index like fluid properties and relative permeability
- Empirical methods like Vogel's method for generating inflow performance curves over the life of depleting reservoirs
The document is from a course on reservoir engineering concepts for vertical wells, with the goal of teaching practical equations to model well performance and factors governing fluid flow.
The document provides an overview of geomechanics concepts for drilling engineering. It discusses the importance of understanding pore pressure and formation strength for planning a successful well. Parameters like pore pressure, formation strength, and fracture gradient determine critical aspects of well design like mud weight profile, casing setting depths, casing string design, drill bit selection, and cementing procedures. The document then covers topics like normal vs. abnormal pressure regimes, mechanisms that cause abnormal pressures, modeling formation pressures, estimating pore pressures, and detecting abnormal pressures both pre-drill and while drilling.
This document provides an overview of key concepts for performing phase equilibrium calculations on reservoir fluids, including:
1) Cubic equations of state and properties required for components in mixtures like critical temperature, pressure, and acentric factor.
2) Calculating these properties for hydrocarbon components and lumping heavier fractions into pseudocomponents.
3) Using equations of state to relate fugacity coefficients to vapor-liquid equilibrium and calculate K-factors for flash calculations.
This document provides an overview of equations of state and the compressibility factor. It discusses the ideal gas law and deviations from it, using the compressibility factor Z to quantify these deviations. Various equations of state are presented, including the van der Waals and virial equations. Cubic equations of state are discussed in depth, along with their history and widespread use in the petroleum industry. The challenges of modeling fluid properties in the critical region and at high pressures are also addressed.
The document provides an introduction to well log interpretation. It discusses key concepts such as identifying clean zones using gamma ray and resistivity logs, determining porosity using density, neutron, acoustic and NMR logs, and identifying hydrocarbon presence based on resistivity. It also covers estimating hydrocarbon quantity from water saturation, and evaluating recoverability by comparing flushed and true zone resistivities. The borehole environment and its impact on invasion zones is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of unsteady-state flow and the diffusivity equation, which is used to model pressure changes over time in reservoirs. It discusses the assumptions and solutions of the diffusivity equation, including the Ei-function and dimensionless pressure drop solutions. The constant-terminal pressure and constant-terminal rate solutions are examined. Graphs demonstrate how pressure profiles change over different times based on these solutions. The document also explores using dimensionless variables to simplify analyses of unsteady-state flow regimes.
The document discusses reservoir engineering concepts including Welge analysis and breakthrough determination. It describes how to construct fractional flow curves and use them with Welge analysis to determine water saturation profiles over time, the time to breakthrough, average water saturation, and cumulative water injection. The key steps are: 1) constructing the fractional flow curve; 2) drawing a tangent line to determine water saturation at the front and water cut; 3) using equations to calculate distance traveled and develop saturation profiles. Breakthrough occurs when the front reaches the production well, determined using pore volume and well spacing. Average saturation is found where the tangent intersects a water cut of 1.
This document discusses various techniques for directional drilling, including whipstocks, downhole motors, and steerable bottom hole assemblies. It provides details on running procedures for open hole and casing whipstocks. Downhole motors use bent subs or housing designs to create deflections, with adjustable bent subs allowing changes without tripping. Later sections discuss benefits of smaller bit offsets with designs like double-tilted universal joint housings, which allow both sliding and rotary drilling.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in reservoir fluid properties including:
- Formation volume factors (Bo and Bt) which relate the volume of oil and gas in the reservoir to stock tank conditions.
- Methods for determining PVT properties like gas solubility and Bo/Bt through laboratory experiments as pressure changes.
- Key fluid properties like bubble point pressure, compressibility, and molecular weight that impact reservoir performance.
- Techniques for estimating fluid properties using correlations with parameters like boiling point and API gravity.
This document provides an overview of well logging concepts and techniques. It discusses key well log formats and presentations, including standard tracks used for depth, resistivity, porosity, and other measurements. Common logs like SP, gamma ray, resistivity, neutron, and density are examined. Signatures indicating lithology, fluid content, and invasion are described. Proper interpretation requires understanding scales, crossovers caused by lithology changes, and matrix effects. An example of logs in a horizontal well is also provided.
The document provides an overview of well logging techniques using electrode devices. It discusses both unfocused and focused electrode devices, as well as microelectrode devices which have smaller electrode spacings and shallower depths of investigation. Various electrode device applications are described, including using the measurement of invaded zone resistivity (Rxo) to estimate porosity, identify movable oil, and determine residual hydrocarbon saturation. Later developments included dipmeter devices to measure bedding orientation and resistivity images of the borehole wall.
The document provides an overview of well logging techniques and the evolution of electrical logging tools. It discusses early unfocused devices like the short normal and their limitations in thin beds and high-contrast formations due to borehole effects. It then covers the development of focused devices using guard electrodes to direct current, including the Laterolog principle and dual laterolog tools. It explains how dual laterologs combine deep and shallow measurements to obtain accurate resistivity readings with reduced borehole effect sensitivity.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in reservoir engineering related to waterflooding, including:
1) Fractional flow curves and how injection parameters like viscosity, formation dip, and rate affect the water cut. Higher oil viscosity or water viscosity results in a higher/lower water cut respectively. Uphill injection improves displacement efficiency.
2) The frontal advance equation describes how water saturation progresses through a reservoir based on the slope of the fractional flow curve and injection rate.
3) Equations show the relationships between reservoir water cut, surface water cut, and water-oil ratios both at reservoir and surface conditions.
This document outlines various methods for predicting the inflow performance relationship (IPR) for vertical and horizontal oil wells. It discusses Vogel's, Wiggins', Standing's, and Fetkovich's methods for predicting the IPR and future IPR of vertical wells based on reservoir pressure decline. It also covers horizontal well advantages, drainage area calculations, and approaches for modeling steady-state and pseudosteady-state flow performance of horizontal wells. The document provides step-by-step explanations of each IPR prediction technique.
This document covers reservoir engineering concepts related to properties of gas, oil, and water in reservoirs. It discusses key properties like gas compressibility, oil viscosity and density. It explains how to calculate properties of dead oil, saturated oil and undersaturated oil using various correlations. Laboratory analysis and experiments for determining fluid properties are also summarized, including different types of tests. The document provides methods to estimate properties like oil and water viscosity, gas solubility in water, and water compressibility.
The document provides an overview of a course on reservoir fluid properties. It covers the following topics:
1. An introduction to petroleum engineering and the importance of understanding reservoir fluids.
2. The formation and extraction of petroleum, including drilling and production.
3. The constituents of reservoir fluids including hydrocarbon components like methane, paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics. It also discusses non-hydrocarbon components like water, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
4. The phase behavior of pure components and mixtures, including phase envelopes and using pressure-temperature and pressure-volume diagrams to illustrate behavior.
This document provides an overview of a reservoir fluid properties course for petroleum engineering students. The 2-credit, weekly course aims to describe how oil and gas behave under different conditions. Lectures will be divided into two 50-slide sections with a short break. Students will be assessed based on class activities, a midterm exam, and a final exam. The 16-lecture course will cover topics like phase behavior of hydrocarbons, PVT experiments, equations of state, fluid properties, and relevant software. The course is designed to help students understand how reservoir fluids are modeled and their importance in petroleum engineering.
This document provides an overview of induction logging techniques. It discusses the principles behind induction logging tools, including how they use transmitter and receiver coils to measure formation conductivity. It describes different coil configurations and focusing methods used to obtain measurements at various depths. The document also covers induction log corrections for effects like shoulder beds, borehole conditions, and skin effect. It provides an example induction log showing identification of thick and thin hydrocarbon zones.
The document provides an overview of spontaneous potential (SP) well logging. It discusses the origins and mechanisms of SP, including the liquid junction potential generated at interfaces between solutions of different salinities and the membrane potential caused by cation selectivity of shales. SP can be used to identify permeable zones and determine formation water resistivity. The largest SP deflections occur when there is a difference in salinity between the mud filtrate and formation water. The document includes examples of SP responses over different geological formations.
This document provides an overview of well logging techniques, beginning with early electrical logging tools like the short normal device. It discusses the shortcomings of these unfocused devices in dealing with conductive borehole mud and thin resistive beds. Later sections describe the development of focused devices like the Laterolog, which aim to force current into the formation and reduce borehole effects. These include the Laterolog-3 with guard electrodes and Laterolog-7 with additional monitoring electrodes to further improve current focusing.
This document provides an overview of reservoir engineering concepts for predicting vertical oil well performance, including productivity index, inflow performance relationship, and methods for modeling these relationships. It discusses key topics like:
- Defining and measuring productivity index using stabilized well test data
- How productivity index, inflow performance relationship, and well flow rates relate under pseudosteady state conditions
- Factors influencing productivity index like fluid properties and relative permeability
- Empirical methods like Vogel's method for generating inflow performance curves over the life of depleting reservoirs
The document is from a course on reservoir engineering concepts for vertical wells, with the goal of teaching practical equations to model well performance and factors governing fluid flow.
The document provides an overview of geomechanics concepts for drilling engineering. It discusses the importance of understanding pore pressure and formation strength for planning a successful well. Parameters like pore pressure, formation strength, and fracture gradient determine critical aspects of well design like mud weight profile, casing setting depths, casing string design, drill bit selection, and cementing procedures. The document then covers topics like normal vs. abnormal pressure regimes, mechanisms that cause abnormal pressures, modeling formation pressures, estimating pore pressures, and detecting abnormal pressures both pre-drill and while drilling.
This document provides an overview of key concepts for performing phase equilibrium calculations on reservoir fluids, including:
1) Cubic equations of state and properties required for components in mixtures like critical temperature, pressure, and acentric factor.
2) Calculating these properties for hydrocarbon components and lumping heavier fractions into pseudocomponents.
3) Using equations of state to relate fugacity coefficients to vapor-liquid equilibrium and calculate K-factors for flash calculations.
This document provides an overview of equations of state and the compressibility factor. It discusses the ideal gas law and deviations from it, using the compressibility factor Z to quantify these deviations. Various equations of state are presented, including the van der Waals and virial equations. Cubic equations of state are discussed in depth, along with their history and widespread use in the petroleum industry. The challenges of modeling fluid properties in the critical region and at high pressures are also addressed.
The document provides an introduction to well log interpretation. It discusses key concepts such as identifying clean zones using gamma ray and resistivity logs, determining porosity using density, neutron, acoustic and NMR logs, and identifying hydrocarbon presence based on resistivity. It also covers estimating hydrocarbon quantity from water saturation, and evaluating recoverability by comparing flushed and true zone resistivities. The borehole environment and its impact on invasion zones is also summarized.
This document appears to be lecture slides for a course on well logging in Farsi. It includes sections on topics that will be covered, references for further reading, and what appears to be notes on concepts like mud logging, sonic logs, resistivity logs, cross plots, and other well logging tools and techniques. The slides are attributed to Hossein AlamiNia from Islamic Azad University, Quchan Branch.
This document appears to be lecture notes for a class on stimulating and activating oil wells. It includes:
1. An introduction and information about the instructor.
2. Outlines for lecture topics, including well completion, well interventions, and references.
3. Schedules for class sessions with times allocated for presentations, breaks, and reviewing upcoming topics.
The document provides an overview of the class structure and topics to be covered for stimulating and activating oil wells. It outlines the lecture schedule and allocates time for presentations and reviews within the class sessions.
This document appears to be lecture notes from a geology laboratory class presented by Hossein AlamiNia from the Islamic Azad University of Ghoochan. The notes cover various topics relating to rock properties and characteristics, including rock heterogeneity, different classification systems, and methods for describing and analyzing rocks in a lab. Links are provided to online resources with additional information and sample data.
4. Course Description
This course is prepared for:
3 semester (or credit) hours and meets for a total of 3
hours a week.
Sophomore or junior level students (BS degrees)
(Major) Petroleum engineering students
(Minors) Production, Drilling and reservoir engineering
students
Prerequisites :Reservoir engineering 1
The main objective:
Spring14 H. AlamiNia
Reservoir Engineering 2 Course (1st Ed.)
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5. Lectures
Each session
Consists of different sections (about 4-5 sections)
Consists of about 60 slides
Is divided into 2 parts with short break time
Would be available online
Spring14 H. AlamiNia
Reservoir Engineering 2 Course (1st Ed.)
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6. Timing
Last Session (Review)
Session Outlook
Presentation A
Break Time
Presentation B
Next Session Topics
Roll Call
Roll Call, 5
Last session
(Review), 5
Next Session
Topics, 5
Session
Outlook , 5
Presentation B,
45
Break
Time, 5
Presentation A,
45
TIME (MIINUTE)
Spring14 H. AlamiNia
Reservoir Engineering 2 Course (1st Ed.)
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7. Assessment Criteria
Class activities
Extra score
Class
activities
Final exam
Close book
Open book
Final
exam
(Open)
Final exam
(Close)
PERCENT OF GRADE
Spring14 H. AlamiNia
Reservoir Engineering 2 Course (1st Ed.)
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8. Previous Term Scores (Q921)
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Reservoir Engineering 2 Course (1st Ed.)
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17. Major References
Ahmed, T. (2010).
Reservoir engineering
handbook (Gulf
Professional Publishing).
Chapters:
9 (Gas and Water Coning),
10 (Water Influx), 11 (Oil
Recovery Mechanisms
and the Material Balance
Equation), 16 (Analysis of
Decline and Type Curves)
and 17 (Fractured
Reservoirs)
Spring14 H. AlamiNia
Reservoir Engineering 2 Course (1st Ed.)
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