Процесс тестирования в условиях неявных требований COMAQA.BY В условиях изучения и кастомизации ПО с открытым кодом, бизнес-аналитики формируют высоко-уровневые требования, детализация появляется в ходе разрабтки девелоперами или после отзывов заказчика. Тестировщики в этой ситуации имеют не четкие требования и недовольство девелоперов отвлекающихся на разъяснения "как это сделано". Как мы решили эту задачу - будет рассказано на живом примере в моём докладе.
Tag questionsLeni Rohliah1. The document discusses rules for constructing tag questions in English. Tag questions are short questions added to statements and involve changing the statement's polarity and adding a subject pronoun.
2. The rules specify that the tag should use the same auxiliary verb and tense as the statement. If there is no auxiliary, "do", "does", or "did" should be used. The tag's polarity is opposite the statement's.
3. Examples demonstrate applying the rules to create common tag questions. Practice questions at the end allow adding the correct tag to given statements.
Question tagdhilip rajuThe document discusses tag questions, which are questions added to the end of declarative sentences. It provides examples of positive and negative tag questions and explains five points about constructing tag questions: 1) a comma is used between the main sentence and tag, 2) the subject pronoun in the tag matches the subject of the main sentence, 3) the verb in the tag depends on the tense and polarity of the verb in the main sentence, 4) the verb in the tag is contracted, and 5) the word order is reversed with the verb preceding the subject in the tag unlike the main sentence. Tag questions are used to engage the listener, verify understanding, or confirm an action.
Shortened form of a worddhilip rajuThe document discusses the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan in Tiruvarur District. It provides examples of different types of abbreviations used to shorten words or phrases including contractions where the first and last letters are used (Dr.), acronyms where the first letter of each word is used (AIR), and typical abbreviations used in various fields (B.Tech, RAM, UNESCO, CAT).
Question tagSohael BabwaniEnglish grammar: Add a question tag.
Learn how to add a question tag. Learn different rules that can be apply.
Though I have tried to include as many rules as possible, they are the main rules especially from exam point of view.
Question tag 01Sri Prakash Vidya NiketanThe document discusses question tags and how they are used in sentences. It explains that question tags are short questions used at the end of statements to seek agreement from the person being spoken to. It provides examples of sentences with positive and negative question tags. It also explains that for positive question tags, the expected answer is "no", while for negative question tags, the expected answer is "yes". Finally, it provides information about a YouTube channel for more videos on grammar.
Question tagszulpianiThis document discusses question tags, including their definition, formula, rules, examples, and exceptions. Question tags are questions added to the end of statements. The formula is statement + tag - ? or statement - tag + ?. Rules are provided for different types of statements, including statements with pronouns, verbs, auxiliaries, imperatives, and exceptions. The document concludes with two practice tests containing questions to be answered with the proper question tags.
Question tagselenadiaconescuThis document discusses the use of question tags in speech and informal writing. Question tags are used to check information or ask for agreement, and the form depends on whether the main sentence is affirmative or negative. Different auxiliary verbs and pronouns are used in question tags depending on the main clause, and intonation can indicate whether the tag is a real question or not.
Question tags 2Ilenia CichelloQuestion tags are short questions added to the end of sentences to reinforce or confirm what was said. The question tag uses the opposite auxiliary verb from the main clause. If there is no auxiliary verb, "do" is used. Pronouns in the question tag must match those in the main clause. Examples are provided of constructing question tags based on whether the main clause is positive or negative.
Question TagsolmedaEste documento explica las reglas para usar preguntas de confirmación o "question tags" en inglés. Explica que se usan verbos auxiliares al final de oraciones para confirmar que el interlocutor comprende. Detalla las reglas de usar tags negativos después de oraciones afirmativas y positivos después de negativas. Además, cubre el uso de tags con diferentes tiempos verbales como presente, pasado, y con verbos como "have", "will" y "should".
Question TagsCetmarQuestion tags are mini questions that appear at the end of a sentence or phrase. They confirm or deny the statement in the question. They are used to show interest and friendliness in what someone has just said and help continue the conversation. Question tags follow specific grammatical rules depending on if the main clause uses the verb "to be" and in what tense, or uses an auxiliary verb like do/does, did, will, can, could, should, would. The structure of the question tag changes based on if the main clause is affirmative or negative.
Teacher Connect ݺߣ Share VersionSharon SeslijaThis document summarizes the agenda and activities for the first Teacher CONNECT session. The session focused on:
1. Introductions and name tag activity to get to know participants.
2. Overview of the daily schedule, norms, and goals of the Teacher CONNECT program to provide support for new teachers.
3. Activities in groups to discuss topics like assessment, classroom management, differentiation and building relationships with students and parents.
4. Presentations and discussions around establishing effective learning communities, assessment for learning, developing student profiles and differentiated instructional strategies.
Tag question rulesAnnie VillamerQuestion tags are used in speech to confirm something is true or encourage a reply. A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag, while a negative statement uses a positive question tag. The auxiliary verb from the statement is used to form the question tag, using do/does for present simple and did for past simple. A statement with a negative word uses a positive question tag.
Question TagsinmaherrezueloQuestion tags are mini questions added to the end of sentences in spoken English using an auxiliary or modal verb. There are two main types - negative tags after positive sentences and positive tags after negative sentences. Intonation can indicate whether the tag is seeking agreement or confirmation. Specific cases have tags like "shall we?" after "Let's" and "will you?" after imperatives. Pronouns like "they", "it", and "there" are used in tags depending on the subject of the main clause.
AlaskaEOI Alcalá de GuadaíraIn 3 sentences:
The document discusses how words in fluent speech can link together when one word ends with a consonant and the next begins with a vowel, with the consonant sounding like it begins the next word, like "pets enter" and "pet centre" sounding the same. It also notes that the spelling may differ between phrases that sound the same, such as "s" spelling the /s/ sound in "pets" but "c" spelling it in "centre". Finally, it provides examples of words that sound the same but have different spellings when joined, such as "stopped aching" and "stop taking".
Subject and object pronounsAna Sanchez CalvoThis document discusses gift giving and re-gifting, as well as subject and object pronouns. It provides examples of sentences containing direct objects and indirect objects, and explains how to identify and replace the subject, direct object, and indirect object with pronouns. Practice examples are included for the reader to identify subjects, objects, and replace them with pronouns. The document also notes that if a direct object is a pronoun, it must come before the indirect object pronoun.
Tag Question Mini LessonKateKresgeThis document provides a lesson on tag questions in English grammar. It defines tag questions as questions added to the end of statements to check or seek information. The lesson explains how to form tag questions based on whether the original statement is affirmative or negative, and lists common tags. It also discusses responding to tag questions and provides examples and activities to practice forming and using tag questions correctly.
LTT: Tag questionJake KazumiyaThis document discusses tag questions in English grammar. It provides 5 key points about tag questions: [1] The subject of the tag is always a personal pronoun corresponding to the subject of the main sentence. [2] The verb in the tag depends on the verb in the main sentence in terms of tense and polarity. [3] The negative form of the verb in the tag is always contracted. [4] The word order is reversed in the tag with the verb coming before the subject. [5] Examples are given to illustrate the rules for different types of statements.
Word order in questions - present simpleEOI Alcalá de GuadaíraThis document discusses how to form present simple questions in English. It explains that questions are formed using either "do" or "does" as an auxiliary verb followed by the subject and infinitive verb. There are two types of present simple questions: ones that use the word order ASI (Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive) and ones that use the word order QASI (Question word, Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive). Examples of each type of question are provided.
Clothes vocabularyIvan EstradaThis document lists and categorizes different types of clothing items including hats, dresses, belts, blouses, pants, coats, skirts, heels, slippers, mittens, scarves, caps, glasses, T-shirts, sandals, flats, socks, bras, tights, underpants, stockings, dressing shoes, bowties, suits, skirtsuits, ties, uniforms, shorts, jeans, mini skirts, sweatshirts, sneakers, sunglasses, swimsuits, gloves, and shirts. It also lists various clothing materials like leather, wool, silk, cotton, polyester, and suede. Useful verbs for clothing are get dressed, undress, put on, and take off
Power Point Presentation on Question TagsNayana ThampiThe document discusses question tags, which are small questions added to the end of statements. Question tags are used to seek agreement or confirmation from the listener. The document provides examples of positive and negative question tags that can be added to both positive and negative statements. It also gives examples of question tags being used correctly with different statements.
Questions tagNilda JimenezEste documento explica los tag questions en inglés. Los tag questions son pequeñas frases o preguntas que se colocan al final de una oración para confirmar o negar su contenido. Existen tres reglas básicas: 1) utilizan verbos auxiliares, 2) con oraciones afirmativas se usa un tag en negativo, y 3) con oraciones negativas se usa un tag en afirmativo. A continuación, se dan ejemplos de tag questions con el verbo "to be" en presente simple, continuo, pasado simple y continuo.
Tag questionsjjaflemTag questions are short questions added to statements to encourage conversation. They are used in informal situations but not in formal writing. Tag questions keep conversations going by giving the other person a chance to respond. To form a tag question, the statement's verb is changed from positive to negative or vice versa. If there is no auxiliary verb, "do" or "does" is used instead. Properly formed tag questions have a statement followed by a short question tag.
QA Evening Марк Курченко - Чек-лист против тест-кейсаArtjoker Выступление Марка Курченко (QA Engineer, FluentPro Software) на QA Evening от Клуба Большого Мозга
Question tag 01Sri Prakash Vidya NiketanThe document discusses question tags and how they are used in sentences. It explains that question tags are short questions used at the end of statements to seek agreement from the person being spoken to. It provides examples of sentences with positive and negative question tags. It also explains that for positive question tags, the expected answer is "no", while for negative question tags, the expected answer is "yes". Finally, it provides information about a YouTube channel for more videos on grammar.
Question tagszulpianiThis document discusses question tags, including their definition, formula, rules, examples, and exceptions. Question tags are questions added to the end of statements. The formula is statement + tag - ? or statement - tag + ?. Rules are provided for different types of statements, including statements with pronouns, verbs, auxiliaries, imperatives, and exceptions. The document concludes with two practice tests containing questions to be answered with the proper question tags.
Question tagselenadiaconescuThis document discusses the use of question tags in speech and informal writing. Question tags are used to check information or ask for agreement, and the form depends on whether the main sentence is affirmative or negative. Different auxiliary verbs and pronouns are used in question tags depending on the main clause, and intonation can indicate whether the tag is a real question or not.
Question tags 2Ilenia CichelloQuestion tags are short questions added to the end of sentences to reinforce or confirm what was said. The question tag uses the opposite auxiliary verb from the main clause. If there is no auxiliary verb, "do" is used. Pronouns in the question tag must match those in the main clause. Examples are provided of constructing question tags based on whether the main clause is positive or negative.
Question TagsolmedaEste documento explica las reglas para usar preguntas de confirmación o "question tags" en inglés. Explica que se usan verbos auxiliares al final de oraciones para confirmar que el interlocutor comprende. Detalla las reglas de usar tags negativos después de oraciones afirmativas y positivos después de negativas. Además, cubre el uso de tags con diferentes tiempos verbales como presente, pasado, y con verbos como "have", "will" y "should".
Question TagsCetmarQuestion tags are mini questions that appear at the end of a sentence or phrase. They confirm or deny the statement in the question. They are used to show interest and friendliness in what someone has just said and help continue the conversation. Question tags follow specific grammatical rules depending on if the main clause uses the verb "to be" and in what tense, or uses an auxiliary verb like do/does, did, will, can, could, should, would. The structure of the question tag changes based on if the main clause is affirmative or negative.
Teacher Connect ݺߣ Share VersionSharon SeslijaThis document summarizes the agenda and activities for the first Teacher CONNECT session. The session focused on:
1. Introductions and name tag activity to get to know participants.
2. Overview of the daily schedule, norms, and goals of the Teacher CONNECT program to provide support for new teachers.
3. Activities in groups to discuss topics like assessment, classroom management, differentiation and building relationships with students and parents.
4. Presentations and discussions around establishing effective learning communities, assessment for learning, developing student profiles and differentiated instructional strategies.
Tag question rulesAnnie VillamerQuestion tags are used in speech to confirm something is true or encourage a reply. A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag, while a negative statement uses a positive question tag. The auxiliary verb from the statement is used to form the question tag, using do/does for present simple and did for past simple. A statement with a negative word uses a positive question tag.
Question TagsinmaherrezueloQuestion tags are mini questions added to the end of sentences in spoken English using an auxiliary or modal verb. There are two main types - negative tags after positive sentences and positive tags after negative sentences. Intonation can indicate whether the tag is seeking agreement or confirmation. Specific cases have tags like "shall we?" after "Let's" and "will you?" after imperatives. Pronouns like "they", "it", and "there" are used in tags depending on the subject of the main clause.
AlaskaEOI Alcalá de GuadaíraIn 3 sentences:
The document discusses how words in fluent speech can link together when one word ends with a consonant and the next begins with a vowel, with the consonant sounding like it begins the next word, like "pets enter" and "pet centre" sounding the same. It also notes that the spelling may differ between phrases that sound the same, such as "s" spelling the /s/ sound in "pets" but "c" spelling it in "centre". Finally, it provides examples of words that sound the same but have different spellings when joined, such as "stopped aching" and "stop taking".
Subject and object pronounsAna Sanchez CalvoThis document discusses gift giving and re-gifting, as well as subject and object pronouns. It provides examples of sentences containing direct objects and indirect objects, and explains how to identify and replace the subject, direct object, and indirect object with pronouns. Practice examples are included for the reader to identify subjects, objects, and replace them with pronouns. The document also notes that if a direct object is a pronoun, it must come before the indirect object pronoun.
Tag Question Mini LessonKateKresgeThis document provides a lesson on tag questions in English grammar. It defines tag questions as questions added to the end of statements to check or seek information. The lesson explains how to form tag questions based on whether the original statement is affirmative or negative, and lists common tags. It also discusses responding to tag questions and provides examples and activities to practice forming and using tag questions correctly.
LTT: Tag questionJake KazumiyaThis document discusses tag questions in English grammar. It provides 5 key points about tag questions: [1] The subject of the tag is always a personal pronoun corresponding to the subject of the main sentence. [2] The verb in the tag depends on the verb in the main sentence in terms of tense and polarity. [3] The negative form of the verb in the tag is always contracted. [4] The word order is reversed in the tag with the verb coming before the subject. [5] Examples are given to illustrate the rules for different types of statements.
Word order in questions - present simpleEOI Alcalá de GuadaíraThis document discusses how to form present simple questions in English. It explains that questions are formed using either "do" or "does" as an auxiliary verb followed by the subject and infinitive verb. There are two types of present simple questions: ones that use the word order ASI (Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive) and ones that use the word order QASI (Question word, Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive). Examples of each type of question are provided.
Clothes vocabularyIvan EstradaThis document lists and categorizes different types of clothing items including hats, dresses, belts, blouses, pants, coats, skirts, heels, slippers, mittens, scarves, caps, glasses, T-shirts, sandals, flats, socks, bras, tights, underpants, stockings, dressing shoes, bowties, suits, skirtsuits, ties, uniforms, shorts, jeans, mini skirts, sweatshirts, sneakers, sunglasses, swimsuits, gloves, and shirts. It also lists various clothing materials like leather, wool, silk, cotton, polyester, and suede. Useful verbs for clothing are get dressed, undress, put on, and take off
Power Point Presentation on Question TagsNayana ThampiThe document discusses question tags, which are small questions added to the end of statements. Question tags are used to seek agreement or confirmation from the listener. The document provides examples of positive and negative question tags that can be added to both positive and negative statements. It also gives examples of question tags being used correctly with different statements.
Questions tagNilda JimenezEste documento explica los tag questions en inglés. Los tag questions son pequeñas frases o preguntas que se colocan al final de una oración para confirmar o negar su contenido. Existen tres reglas básicas: 1) utilizan verbos auxiliares, 2) con oraciones afirmativas se usa un tag en negativo, y 3) con oraciones negativas se usa un tag en afirmativo. A continuación, se dan ejemplos de tag questions con el verbo "to be" en presente simple, continuo, pasado simple y continuo.
Tag questionsjjaflemTag questions are short questions added to statements to encourage conversation. They are used in informal situations but not in formal writing. Tag questions keep conversations going by giving the other person a chance to respond. To form a tag question, the statement's verb is changed from positive to negative or vice versa. If there is no auxiliary verb, "do" or "does" is used instead. Properly formed tag questions have a statement followed by a short question tag.
QA Evening Марк Курченко - Чек-лист против тест-кейсаArtjoker Выступление Марка Курченко (QA Engineer, FluentPro Software) на QA Evening от Клуба Большого Мозга
Особенности покупательского поведения на мобильных устройствахEfim AldoukhovПрезентация Максима Козлова, Фабрика Юзабилити, с Бизнес-завтрака 08.12.2017 UPGRADE "Тренды Ecommerce 2017. Итоги 2016"
Автоматическое тестирование. Моя системаIgor LyubinВ этом докладе вы услышите историю о том, как можно построить процесс автоматизированного тестирования и непрерывной интеграции за короткий период времени. Мы поговорим о точках роста, развития и внедрения автоматизированного тестирования на уже существующем проекте. Вы узнаете, что с чего начинать автоматизированное тестирование и как выбрать "работающую" стратегию. После доклада вы захотите избавиться или значительно сократить ручное тестирование и ручной труд у себя на проекте. Вы откроете для себя целую систему, элементы который можно будет внедрять у себя, и которые будут работать.
Доклад будет интересен всем тестировщикам, разработчикам и менеджерам проектов.
Марина Широчкина - ТестированиеYandexТестирование — это способ узнать о разнообразных проблемах, которые могут возникнуть во время разработки вашего проекта. В лекции рассмотрены различные виды тестирования и различные практики, которые позволят вам узнавать о проблемах заранее.
Родионова Ксения - Опыт внедрения различных инструментов для повышения конвер...AdvantShopПлюсы и минусы внешних решений
Как посчитать отдачу от инструментов. Ожидания и реальность
Подводные камни интеграций на примерах: внутренний поиск, рекомендательная система, а/б тестирование и персонализации
2. Тестирование - процесс исследования,
испытания продукта, имеющий две цели:
• продемонстрировать разработчикам и
заказчикам, что продукт соответствует
требованиям
• выявить ситуации, в которых поведение продукта
является неправильным, нежелательным или не
соответствует спецификации
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Тестирование_прогрного_обеспеченияамм
7. Тестирование может помочь
• повысить качество требований
• повысить качество проектирования
• повысить качество реализации
8. Тестирование проводится на позднем этапе разработки
Дефекты выявляются
на поздей стадии
готовности продукта
Высокая стоимость
исправления
дефектов
Нехватка времени,
отведенного на
тестирование
Возрастает
вероятность
попадания дефектов в
конечный продукт
Типичный цикл разработки
9. Тестирование - процесс получения
максимально возможного объема сведений о
функционировании продукта, с целью
недопущения появления дефектов в его
конечной версии
13. Для начала любого этапа тестирования
необходима документация
• либо спецификация
• либо тестплан
• либо чеклист
14. • 80% времени тестирования уходит на
составление тестплана
• Тесплан на 80% - это перефразированная
спецификация
15. Можно объединить этапы разработки
тестплана и спецификации, для чего
идеально подходит формат
пользовательских историй (User Story) и
сценариев использования (Use Case)
17. Добавление приемочных критериев
(пользовательских сценариев)
Сценарий #1 (основной):
Успешное добавление товара в корзину
Шаги:
1. Зайти в каталог товаров на сайте магазина
2. Выбрать товар
3. Добавить выбранный товар в корзину
4. Проверить, что есть возможность оформить заказ
19. Уточняем пользовательский сценарий
Сценарий #1 (основной):
Успешное добавление товара в корзину
Шаги:
1. Зайти в каталог товаров на сайте магазина
2. Выбрать товары в количестве от 1 до 10 на общую
сумму не боле 100 тыс.
3. Добавить выбранные товары в корзину
4. Проверить, что есть возможность оформить заказ
20. Добавляем необходимую информацию к
пользовательскому сценарию
Сценарий #1 (основной):
Успешное добавление товара в корзину
Шаги:
1. Зайти в каталог товаров на сайте магазина
2. Выбрать товары в количестве от 1 до 10 на общую сумму не
боле 100 тыс.
3. Добавить выбранные товары в корзину (макет корзины
http://jira.onlineshop.ru/макеты/магазин/корзина)
4. Проверить, что есть возможность оформить заказ
21. В результате имеем почти готовый тест.
Осталось добавить граничные условия и
негативный тест
22. Сценарий #1 (положительный):
Успешное добавление товара в корзину
Шаги:
1. Зайти в каталог товаров на сайте магазина
2. Выбрать товары в количестве <кол> на сумму <сумма>
3. Добавить выбранные товары в корзину
4. Проверить, что есть возможность оформить заказ
Входные данные:
кол | сумма
1 | 100000
10 | 100000
9 | 99999
2 | 0 (возможно здесь понадобиться уточнение сценария)
23. Сценарий #2 (негативный):
Неуспешное добавление товара в корзину
Шаги:
1. Зайти в каталог товаров на сайте магазина
2. Выбрать товары в количестве <кол> на сумму <сумма>
3. Добавить выбранные товары в корзину
4. Проверить, что отсутствует возможность оформить заказ
Входные данные:
кол | сумма
0 | 50000
11 | 50000
1 | 100001
24. Преимущества выбранного подхода
• структурированные требования
• четкие критерии готовности продукта
• сокращение времени разработки тестовой документации
• тесты выступают в качестве дополнения к спецификации
• облегчение процесса автомитизации тестирования