An In-Depth Concept of Qualitative analysis For IIT JEE (CHEMISTRY) Exams.
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Qualitative analysis
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TEST FOR NITRITE ION
(a)?On treating a solid nitrite with dil. H SO? ? ?
? ? and warming , reddish brown?fumes of NO?
? ? gas are evolved.
2 4
2
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TEST FOR NITRITE ION
Addition of potassium iodide solution to?the
salt solution followed by freshly prepared
starch solution and?acidification with acetic
acid produces blue colour.
(b)
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TEST FOR NITRITE ION
On adding sulphanilic acid & 1-naphthylamine?
reagent to the water?extract or acidified with
acetic acid, a red azo-dye is?formed.?
(c)
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TEST FOR NITRITE ION
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TEST FOR SULPHIDE ION
With warm dilute H SO? ?a sulphide gives
hydrogen sulphide gas which?smells like
rotten eggs.
(a) 2 4
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TEST FOR SULPHIDE ION
A piece of filter paper dipped in lead acetate
solution turns black on exposure to the gas
due to the formation of?lead sulphide which
is black in colour.
(b)
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TEST FOR SULPHIDE ION
Solution of saltin water/sodium carbonate
extract, make it?alkaline with ammonium
hydroxide and add sodium nitroprusside
solution. ?Purple or violet colour is obtained.
(c)
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TEST OF SULPHATE ION
On addition of barium chloride to the
Aqueous solution or sodium carbonate
extract of the salt acidified with?acetic
acid?gives a white precipitate
(a)
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TEST OF SULPHATE ION
Sulphate ions give white precipitate of lead
sulphate when aqueous?solution or sodium
carbonate extract neutralised with acetic
acid is?treated with lead acetate solution.
(b)
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TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION
On treatment with warm conc. H ?SO ? the
salt gives a colourless gas with pungent
smell and the gas gives dense white fumes
with ammonia solution,?
(a) 2 4
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TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION
Salt gives effervescence on heating with
conc. H? SO? ?and MnO? ?and?a light greenish
yellow pungent gas is evolved.
(b)
2 4 2
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TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION
On addition of silver nitrate?solution to a Salt
solution acidified with dilute HNO???gives a
curdy white precipitate soluble in
ammonium hydroxide?solution.?
(c)
3
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TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION
Chromyl chloride test(d)
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TEST FOR BROMIDE ION
On heating the salt with conc. H? SO?
reddish brown fumes of bromine are?
evolved. The fumes get intensified?on
addition of MnO? .?
(a) 2 4
2
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TEST FOR BROMIDE ION
?The appearance of an orange brown
colouration in the?organic layer on addition
of chloroform & freshly prepared Cl? ?water
dropwise to the salt solution
(b)
2
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TEST FOR BROMIDE ION
A pale yellow?precipitate is obtained upon
addition of silver nitrate (AgNO? ) solution to
the acidified (dil. HNO? ) sodium carbonate
extract of the salt.?
(c)
3
3
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TEST FOR IODIDE ION
Deep violet vapours with a?pungent smell
are evolved,?on heating the salt with conc.
H? SO? . These turns starch paper blue and a
violet?sublimate is formed on the sides of
the test tube.
(a)
2 4
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TEST FOR IODIDE ION
Violet colouration in the?organic layer is
obtained upon addition of CCl? ?and chlorine
water in excess to the salt?solution
(b)
4
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TEST FOR IODIDE ION
Appearance of a yellow precipitate insoluble
in excess of NH? OH upon addition of AgNO
solution to acidified sodium carbonate
extract of the salt with dil.HNO
(c)
4
3
3
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SEPARATION OF CATIONS
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SEPARATION OF?CATIONS
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GROUP REAGENTS FOR
PRECIPITATING IONS
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP-I CATIONS
Dissolve the precipitate in hot water and divide
the hot solution into three parts.
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP¨CII CATIONS
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP¨CIII CATIONS
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP¨CIV?CATIONS
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP¨CV?CATIONS