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Quality Management of Precast Concrete Segments for Wind Turbine Towers
- 1. Quality Management of Precast Concrete Tower Segments for Wind Turbine Towers CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Santie Gouws Quality Manager Precast Concrete Tower Segments for Acciona Windpower; MD - Concrete Growth
- 2. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Wind Energy (I) Rotor Hub Tower > 80 m Rotor Blades Nacelle Enclosing African Elephant
- 3. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Wind Energy (II) Development of Turbine Capacity and Tower Height
- 4. Hybrid towers CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Wind Energy (III) Tubular steel towers Concrete towers Tower technology options
- 5. SA economic development depends on Electricity supply Job creation IRP 2010 to 2030 55 000 MW to be installed in next 20 years Up to 9 200 MW wind energy through REIPPP 2,5 to 3MW turbines - > 3000 tower structures Tower structure ~ 15 % of capital cost of wind farm Round 3 Local content requirements: increased to threshold of 40%, target of 65% Concrete towers, relatively new technology internationally, but obvious contender for local contentCONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Wind Energy in South Africa (I)
- 6. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Wind Energy in South Africa (II) Development of Turbine Capacity and Tower Height
- 7. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Wind Energy in South Africa (III) Cost of Energy vs Hub Height CSIR, Greene & E-Science Associates
- 8. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Wind Energy in South Africa (IV) Job creation impact of 50MW wind farm 446 525 525 346 368 368 250 266 266 836 1 380 1 746 691 1 080 1 441 679 902 1 267 1 052 1 350 1 630 796 997 1 272 669 784 1 063 - 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 120m Imported steel tower 120m Concrete tower 100m Imported steel tower 100m Concrete tower 80m Imported steel tower 80m Concrete tower Number of Full Time Equivalent jobs Direct impact Indirect impact Induced impact CSIR, Greene & Urban-Econ Development Economists CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers
- 9. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Acciona Windpower (I) International Footprint Canada 45 MW USA 704 MW Mexico 555 MW France 39 MW Spain 1,607 MW UK 32 MW Poland 120 MW Greece 6 MW Italy 68 MW South Korea 68 MW Australia 239 MW Chile 60 MW China 249 MW
- 10. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Acciona Windpower (II) South Africa Canada 120 MW USA 6 MW Mexico 258 MW Spain 99 MW Poland 33 MW Brasil 330 MW Chile 45 MW South Africa 148 MW AW 3000 Orders and Commitments (2013)
- 11. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Acciona Windpower (III) Current 3.0 MW WTG dimensions Blades: Length: 48m-61.5m Weight: 10t-12t Nacelle + Hub: Length: 17.6m Weight: 140t Tower Length: 87.5m-95.5m (Steel); 100m-120m (Concrete) Weight: 290t (95.5m Steel); 1180t (120m Concrete)
- 14. Acciona Windpower (VI) CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers AWP Wind Farm in Spain DESIGNED FOR RE-PRODUCTION STRONG QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM
- 15. GOUDA WIND FARM 46 x 3 MW WTGs 100 m high concrete tower support structures Assembled from 5 by 20m cylindrical pre-assembled units Final assembly onto in situ foundation and post-tensioned 17 individual segments/tower Reproduction of AWP towers as done elsewhere in the worldCONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Acciona Windpower (VII)
- 16. GOUDA WIND FARM Individual concrete segments manufactured by Concrete Units in Cape Town for the 1st time, transported to Gouda 782 segments cast from 5 re-usable moulds Each segment weighs 60 tonnes 9 months of precasting Strong AWP Quality Control System CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Acciona Windpower (IIX)
- 17. Semi-circular, tapered concrete element Building-blocks of concrete towers CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystones - building blocks (I) 20m
- 18. Keystones at Concrete Units Factory in CT CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystones building blocks (II)
- 19. Top & Bottom of Keystones, horizontal joints CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystones building blocks (III)
- 20. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystones - building blocks (IV) Vertical joints of keystones
- 21. Keystones being pre-assembled at Gouda CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystones building blocks (V)
- 22. Level 1 immediately installed onto foundation Levels 2 to 4 pre-assembled onto trestles Vertical joints grouted before final assembly CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystones building blocks (VI)
- 23. Levels 1, 2 & 3 4 keystones each Level 4 3 keystones Level 5 2 keystones CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystones building blocks (VII)
- 24. Concrete Batching Batching plant & ready-mixed concrete trucks Mould Set-up 5 moulds for 782 keystones, re-used daily Keystones are cast horizontally Mould has bottom section and lid Reinforcement and Fixtures 1 reinforcement design for keystones of each level Fixtures differ per keystone per level, depending on position in tower Concrete Casting Self-compacting concrete pumped into moulds Curing and Demoulding Thermal curing up to required strength Demould 1 day after casting Final Finishing On temporary support structure - horizontallyCONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (I)
- 25. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (II) Concrete Batching Process
- 26. Mould Bottom with Cover Blocks CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (III)
- 27. Reinforcement and Fixtures CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (IV)
- 28. Reinforcement and Fixtures CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (V)
- 29. Mould Lid being Placed CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (VI)
- 30. Mould with lid on CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (VII)
- 31. Concrete Casting CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (IIX)
- 32. Demoulding CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (IX)
- 33. Final Finishing CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (X)
- 34. Top after Final Finishing CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Keystone Manufacture (XI)
- 35. TO ENSURE QUALITY: WHICH ASPECTS DO WE WANT TO CONTROL AND WHY? Structural Design Requirements Production Requirements Functional Requirements for Tower Assembly and use in Tower CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Aspects to Control (I)
- 36. Structural Design CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Aspects to Control (II) DIMENSIONS INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT MOULD DIMENSIONS GEOMETRY of KEYSTONES MOULD DESIGN TOWER GEOMETRY CONCRETE MATERIAL PROPERTIES INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT RAW MATERIALS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PROPORTIONS of RAW MATERIALS COMPACTION TIME of MIXING TEMPERATURE
- 37. Structural Design CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Aspects to Control (III) REINFORCEMENT & POST TENSIONING INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT RAW MATERIALS LOAD BEARING CAPACITY SHAPE AND SIZE - KEYSTONES during PRODUCTION PROCESSES POSITION - FINAL TOWER COVER TO REINFORCEMENT INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT COVER DEPTH DURABILITY LIMITS ON CRACKS
- 38. Structural Design CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Aspects to Control (IV) JOINTS BETWEEN KEYSTONES INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT GEOMETRY OF VERTICAL JOINTS VERTICAL STRUCTURAL CONNECTION VERTICAL JOINT REBAR GEOMETRY OF TOP & BOTTOM OF KEYSTONE HORIZONTAL STRUCTURAL CONNECTION REBAR POSITION REBAR LENGTH REBAR STRAIGHTNESS DUCT DIMENSIONS & LENGTH
- 39. Functional Requirements CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Aspects to Control (V) PRE-ASSEMBLY FIXTURES INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT ANCHOR BOLT CONNECTION INSERTS PROPERTIES AND POSITIONS KEYSTONE POSITIONING during PRE-ASSEMBLY DUCT DIMENSIONS KEYSTONE POSITION AND LEVEL IN TOWER for TOWER GEOMETRY BOLT CONNECTION INSERTS PROPERTIES AND POSITIONS WORKING PLATFORMS
- 40. PRE-ASSEMBLY CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Levelling tool Prop support fixture Vertical joint Aspects to Control (VI) Platform
- 41. Functional Requirements CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Aspects to Control (VII) LIFTING MECHANISMS INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT TPA POSITION & PROPERTIES LIFT HORIZONTALLY LIFTING LOOP DIMENSIONS & POSITIONING LIFT VERTICALLY FIXTURES FOR OPERATION OF TOWER INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT BOLT CONNECTION INSERTS PROPERTIES & POSITIONS ELECTRICAL CABLING MECHANICAL LIFT
- 42. Functional Requirements TPAs for lifting in horizontal position CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Aspects to Control (IIX)
- 43. Functional Requirements Lifting loops Ducts CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Aspects to Control (IX)
- 44. Manufacturing Requirements CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Aspects to Control (X) MOULDS INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT FLOWABILITY OF CONCRETE MOULD DESIGN FOR HORIZONTAL CASTING DEMOULDING STRENGTH MOULD TURN-AROUND TIME THERMAL CURING SUPPORTS AFTER DEMOULDING INPUT REQUIRED OUTPUT DEMOULDING STRENGTH BE ABLE TO BE SUPPORTED ON TWO POINTS ONLY AFTER DEMOULDING
- 45. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System Overview (I) Engineering Specification & Design Functional Design and Structural Design by AWP Engineering Based on International Structural Design Code Eurocode Captured in Engineering Drawings and Project Specifications Comparison with SANS and Adaption of Specification where Relevant Instructions Documents describing how each action shall be performed in order to meet the Engineering Design and Specifications Inspection Sheets Documents filled in throughout each step of the process documenting the procedures followed Quality Teams Contractor Responsible for Manufacturing according to the quality specifications; and for documenting their procedures according to the Quality System AWP Quality Team Inspection of actual processes and checking of documentation to ensure processes were correctly followed; coordination with AWP Engineering team where specifications not clear or where deviations are required for practical, local reasons
- 46. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System Overview (II) Traceability From Raw Material to Keystone throughout all Processes Tolerances +/- There are no ABSOLUTES In line with Engineering Design & Functional Requirements Practically Achievable at Related Cost Frequency of Measurement Initial Production Serial Production Differs per material type depending on inherent variability & application Entire process is broken down into individual steps and each is checked and documented against fixed, repetitive, easy-to- check criteria
- 47. engineering specifications/drawings CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System Overview (III) engineering support INSTRUCTIONS INSPECTION SHEETS QUALITY TEAM
- 48. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System Overview (IV) SPECIFY MEASURE & RECORD DESIGN CORRECT CANNOT CORRECT ok production deviation specification deviation not ok
- 49. Design Code CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 50. Design Code CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 51. Project Specifications CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 52. Engineering Drawings - Concrete CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 53. Instructions - Concrete CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 54. Inspection Sheets - Concrete CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 55. Inspection Sheets - Concrete CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 56. Inspection Sheets - Concrete FLOW TEST FOR SE SELF-COMPACTING C CONCRETE R RECORDED ON SHEET CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 57. Inspection Sheets - Concrete Cube specimens CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 58. Inspection Sheets - Concrete Strength testing CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 59. Inspection Sheets - Concrete CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 60. Supporting Documentation - Concrete CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 61. Supporting Documentation - Concrete CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 62. Engineering Drawings - Reinforcement CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 63. Instructions - Reinforcement CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 64. Instructions - Reinforcement CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 65. Control Sheets - Reinforcement CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Quality System
- 66. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Lost in translation (I)
- 67. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Lost in translation (II)
- 68. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Lost in translation (III)
- 69. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Ducts too small (I)
- 70. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Ducts too small (II)
- 71. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Ducts too small (III)
- 72. Measure already cast-in ducts to determine extent of problem CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Ducts too small (IV)
- 73. Measure new batches CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Ducts too small (V)
- 74. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Ducts too small (VI) Update Specification & Inspection Sheets
- 75. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Too much water (I) Batch Plant
- 76. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Too much water (II) Batch plant control
- 77. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Too much water (III) Batch record
- 78. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Case Study Too much water (IV) Confirmed by Concrete Test Result
Editor's Notes
- #5: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #6: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #8: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #9: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #10: Acciona Windpower is currently constructing the Gouda Windfarm, the first in South Africa in which concrete towers will be used. To summarize as follows: 46 precast tower structures will be constructed for the Windfarm Each tower structure will be 100 m high consisting of 5 times 20m long tapered cylindrical units, all in all made up of 17 segments/ structure The segments are manufactured at Airport Industria Cape Town, and transported to Gouda site (100 odd km) and assembled and post-tensioned onto in situ foundations
- #11: Acciona Windpower is currently constructing the Gouda Windfarm, the first in South Africa in which concrete towers will be used. To summarize as follows: 46 precast tower structures will be constructed for the Windfarm Each tower structure will be 100 m high consisting of 5 times 20m long tapered cylindrical units, all in all made up of 17 segments/ structure The segments are manufactured at Airport Industria Cape Town, and transported to Gouda site (100 odd km) and assembled and post-tensioned onto in situ foundations
- #12: Acciona Windpower is currently constructing the Gouda Windfarm, the first in South Africa in which concrete towers will be used. To summarize as follows: 46 precast tower structures will be constructed for the Windfarm Each tower structure will be 100 m high consisting of 5 times 20m long tapered cylindrical units, all in all made up of 17 segments/ structure The segments are manufactured at Airport Industria Cape Town, and transported to Gouda site (100 odd km) and assembled and post-tensioned onto in situ foundations
- #13: This gives an overview of the transport and assembly To construct one 100m tall tower, 17 tapered concrete segments are manufactured in a typical precast factory, each segment 20 m in length, and shipped to the windfarm. During the pre-assembly phase, the four segments that form the bottom 20m of the tower are placed into position one by one onto the in situ cast concrete foundation, and the vertical joints grouted tight The remaining segments are pre-assembled into 4 more 20m long cylinders, each cylinder consisting out of 2 to 4 segments, and the vertical joints grouted tight During final assembly the remaining 4 cylinders are assembled one on top of the other along with the nacelle and blades Finally the horizontal joints are grouted, and the five cylinders post-tensioned onto the foundation to complete the assembly.
- #14: This gives an overview of the transport and assembly To construct one 100m tall tower, 17 tapered concrete segments are manufactured in a typical precast factory, each segment 20 m in length, and shipped to the windfarm. During the pre-assembly phase, the four segments that form the bottom 20m of the tower are placed into position one by one onto the in situ cast concrete foundation, and the vertical joints grouted tight The remaining segments are pre-assembled into 4 more 20m long cylinders, each cylinder consisting out of 2 to 4 segments, and the vertical joints grouted tight During final assembly the remaining 4 cylinders are assembled one on top of the other along with the nacelle and blades Finally the horizontal joints are grouted, and the five cylinders post-tensioned onto the foundation to complete the assembly.
- #15: Acciona Windpower is currently constructing the Gouda Windfarm, the first in South Africa in which concrete towers will be used. To summarize as follows: 46 precast tower structures will be constructed for the Windfarm Each tower structure will be 100 m high consisting of 5 times 20m long tapered cylindrical units, all in all made up of 17 segments/ structure The segments are manufactured at Airport Industria Cape Town, and transported to Gouda site (100 odd km) and assembled and post-tensioned onto in situ foundations
- #16: Acciona Windpower is currently constructing the Gouda Windfarm, the first in South Africa in which concrete towers will be used. To summarize as follows: 46 precast tower structures will be constructed for the Windfarm Each tower structure will be 100 m high consisting of 5 times 20m long tapered cylindrical units, all in all made up of 17 segments/ structure The segments are manufactured at Airport Industria Cape Town, and transported to Gouda site (100 odd km) and assembled and post-tensioned onto in situ foundations
- #17: Acciona Windpower is currently constructing the Gouda Windfarm, the first in South Africa in which concrete towers will be used. To summarize as follows: 46 precast tower structures will be constructed for the Windfarm Each tower structure will be 100 m high consisting of 5 times 20m long tapered cylindrical units, all in all made up of 17 segments/ structure The segments are manufactured at Airport Industria Cape Town, and transported to Gouda site (100 odd km) and assembled and post-tensioned onto in situ foundations
- #18: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #19: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #20: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #21: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #22: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #23: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.
- #24: Acciona Windpower is currently constructing the Gouda Windfarm, the first in South Africa in which concrete towers will be used. To summarize as follows: 46 precast tower structures will be constructed for the Windfarm Each tower structure will be 100 m high consisting of 5 times 20m long tapered cylindrical units, all in all made up of 17 segments/ structure The segments are manufactured at Airport Industria Cape Town, and transported to Gouda site (100 odd km) and assembled and post-tensioned onto in situ foundations
- #41: South African government is under pressure in several, but specifically two areas, i.e. to reduce rate of unemployment and to increase the countrys electricity supply capacity. To address these the governments Integrated Resource Plan, projected that an increase in electricity supply of around 55 000 MW will need to be established within the next 20 years. A significant component of this plan is the use of renewable energy sources and involvement of Independent Power Producers in these projects with the share of wind energy comprising 9 200 MW as Ive mentioned before. To increase the positive effects on the national and local economies that can be derived from this roll-out, the DTI has increased the local content requirements from the 3rd bid submission onwards to a threshold of 40% and a target value of 65% with specific reference to local construction of towers, This is because the tower alone, excluding foundations and civil works making up around 15 to 20% of the capital cost of a windfarm.