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QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OFTHE
ATOM
INTRO
 All the things that we know about the structure of atoms
has been developed over a long period of time. In the past,
before we properly understood the structure of the atom,
scientists came up with lots of different models or pictures
to describe what atom look like. Nowadays, we know that
atoms are made up of positively charged nucleus in the
center surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
COMPLETE THE TABLE
 The structure of atom is distinct from other kind of
atoms. Elements are composed of atoms and these
elements are arranged in the periodic table which can be
used as a tool in determining the properties of elements.
FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
 What is Quantum Mechanical Model?
 Who proposed the Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom?
 What is the inter-relationship between principal energy level,
sublevel, orbital and electron?
 Do you know how to write the electron configuration of
elements?
THREE PHYSICISTS LEDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A BETTER MODEL
OF AN ATOM KNOWN AS QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL.
 Louie de Broglie
 Erwin Schrodinger
 Werner Karl Heisenberg.
THREE PHYSICISTS LEDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A BETTER MODEL
OF AN ATOM KNOWN AS QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL.
 De Broglie proposed
that the electron (which
is thought of as a
particle) could also be
thought of as a wave.
THREE PHYSICISTS LEDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A BETTER MODEL
OF AN ATOM KNOWN AS QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL.
 Schrodinger used this
idea to develop a
mathematical equation to
describe the hydrogen
atom.
THREE PHYSICISTS LEDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A BETTER MODEL
OF AN ATOM KNOWN AS QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL.
 Heisenberg discovered
that for a very small
particle like the electron,
its location cannot be
exactly known and how
it is moving.This is called
uncertainty principle.
Instead, these scientists believed that there is only a
probability that the electron can be found in a certain
volume in space around the nucleus.This volume or region
of space around the nucleus where the electron is most
likely to be found is called an atomic orbital.Thus, we
could only guess the most probable location of the
electron at a certain time to be within a certain volume of
space surrounding the nucleus.
The quantum mechanical model of the atom comes
from the mathematical solution to the Schrodinger
equation.The quantum mechanical model views an
electron as a cloud of negative charge having a
certain geometrical shape.This model shows how
likely an electron could be found in various locations
around the nucleus. However, the model does not
give any information about how the electron moves
from one position to another.
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE ATOM.pptx
 The picture shows that the greater color intensity an area
has, the greater is the probability of finding electrons in
that area.
 The quantum mechanical model also gives information about
the energy of the electron.The model also describes the region
of space around the nucleus as consisting of shells.
 These shells are also called principal or main energy levels.
The principal energy levels or shells may have one or more
sublevels.
 These sublevels are assigned with letters: s, p, d, f, g, h and i
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE ATOM.pptx
The principal quantum number is always equal
to the number of sub-levels within that principal
energy level. That is,
the principal energy level 1 will have 1 sub-level,
principal energy level 2 will have 2 sub-levels,
principal energy level 3 will have 3 sub-levels,
and so on. The maximum number of electrons
that can occupy a principal energy level is given
by the formula 2, where n is the principal
quantum number.
The maximum number of electrons that can
occupy the first principal energy level is 2 ((2)
).
For energy level 2, the maximum number of
electrons is 8 ((2)), and for the third principal
energy level, the maximum number of
electrons is 18 ((2)).
The largest known element contains 118
electrons. Quantum mechanics sets no limit
as to how many energy levels exist, but no
more than 7 principal energy levels are
needed to describe the electrons of all known
atoms.
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QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE ATOM.pptx

  • 2. INTRO All the things that we know about the structure of atoms has been developed over a long period of time. In the past, before we properly understood the structure of the atom, scientists came up with lots of different models or pictures to describe what atom look like. Nowadays, we know that atoms are made up of positively charged nucleus in the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
  • 4. The structure of atom is distinct from other kind of atoms. Elements are composed of atoms and these elements are arranged in the periodic table which can be used as a tool in determining the properties of elements.
  • 5. FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
  • 6. FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
  • 7. FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
  • 8. FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
  • 9. FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
  • 10. FORDA HULA ANG FERSON!
  • 11. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What is Quantum Mechanical Model? Who proposed the Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom? What is the inter-relationship between principal energy level, sublevel, orbital and electron? Do you know how to write the electron configuration of elements?
  • 12. THREE PHYSICISTS LEDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A BETTER MODEL OF AN ATOM KNOWN AS QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL. Louie de Broglie Erwin Schrodinger Werner Karl Heisenberg.
  • 13. THREE PHYSICISTS LEDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A BETTER MODEL OF AN ATOM KNOWN AS QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL. De Broglie proposed that the electron (which is thought of as a particle) could also be thought of as a wave.
  • 14. THREE PHYSICISTS LEDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A BETTER MODEL OF AN ATOM KNOWN AS QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL. Schrodinger used this idea to develop a mathematical equation to describe the hydrogen atom.
  • 15. THREE PHYSICISTS LEDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A BETTER MODEL OF AN ATOM KNOWN AS QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL. Heisenberg discovered that for a very small particle like the electron, its location cannot be exactly known and how it is moving.This is called uncertainty principle.
  • 16. Instead, these scientists believed that there is only a probability that the electron can be found in a certain volume in space around the nucleus.This volume or region of space around the nucleus where the electron is most likely to be found is called an atomic orbital.Thus, we could only guess the most probable location of the electron at a certain time to be within a certain volume of space surrounding the nucleus.
  • 17. The quantum mechanical model of the atom comes from the mathematical solution to the Schrodinger equation.The quantum mechanical model views an electron as a cloud of negative charge having a certain geometrical shape.This model shows how likely an electron could be found in various locations around the nucleus. However, the model does not give any information about how the electron moves from one position to another.
  • 19. The picture shows that the greater color intensity an area has, the greater is the probability of finding electrons in that area. The quantum mechanical model also gives information about the energy of the electron.The model also describes the region of space around the nucleus as consisting of shells. These shells are also called principal or main energy levels. The principal energy levels or shells may have one or more sublevels. These sublevels are assigned with letters: s, p, d, f, g, h and i
  • 21. The principal quantum number is always equal to the number of sub-levels within that principal energy level. That is, the principal energy level 1 will have 1 sub-level, principal energy level 2 will have 2 sub-levels, principal energy level 3 will have 3 sub-levels, and so on. The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a principal energy level is given by the formula 2, where n is the principal quantum number.
  • 22. The maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first principal energy level is 2 ((2) ). For energy level 2, the maximum number of electrons is 8 ((2)), and for the third principal energy level, the maximum number of electrons is 18 ((2)).
  • 23. The largest known element contains 118 electrons. Quantum mechanics sets no limit as to how many energy levels exist, but no more than 7 principal energy levels are needed to describe the electrons of all known atoms.