4. Introduction
Quantum computing is an area of computer science that uses the
principles of quantum theory. Quantum theory explains the behavior
of energy and material on the atomic and subatomic levels.
Quantum computing uses subatomic particles, such as electrons or
photons. Quantum bits, or qubits, allow these particles to exist in more
than one state (i.e., 1 and 0) at the same time.
8. Quantum Superposition
The quantum system is capable of being in several different states at
the same time.
Example Youngs Double Slit Experiment
9. Quantum Entanglement
It is an extremely strong correlation that exists between quantum particles
Two or more quantum particles can be inextricably linked in perfect unis-
on, even when placed at opposite ends of the universe.
This seemingly impossible connection inspired Einstein to describe
entanglement as Spooky action at a distance.
10. How a Quantum Computer works ?
Lets say you invite five colleagues to your wedding, and you need to
plan their seating arrangements. The total number of ways to do so is 5! = 120.
Now, a conventional computing system tends to evaluate each of the 120
possibilities, compare them, and then decide on the final optimization.
However, a quantum computer undertakes the following steps for
optimizing seat allocation:
11. How a Quantum Computer works ?
1.Considers qubits and creates quantum superposition for all possible quantum states.
2.The encoder applies phases to each quantum state and configures the qubits. For the
possible sitting ways that fall in phase, the amplitudes add up, while for the out-of-phase
ways, the amplitudes cancel out.
3.The quantum computer then uses interference to reinforce or amplify some answers and
cancel or diminish the others. As a result, a single solution for optimized seat allocation is
finally reached.
12. Why Quantum Computing ?
Quantum computers take up a fraction of the space of classical computers.
Level of power that can find solutions to problems out of the reach of today's
computers.
By decreasing the size of transistors we are gradually approaching to the atom
stage, beyond which we cant move down except applying the quantum mechanics
which in-turn give rise to quantum computing.
"A quantum computer can create superposition with multiple probabilities that we
cannot achieve today, let alone examine the features of those probabilities. With
this type of application, the quantum computer will be much more efficient than a
classical computer, asserts Garc鱈a Ripoll.
14. 1. Quantum Annealing
Quantum annealing is best for solving optimization problems.
Quantum annealing is the least powerful and most narrowly applied form of quantum
computing.
For example, Volkswagen (VW) recently conducted a quantum experiment to optimize traffic
flows in the overcrowded city of Beijing, China. The experiment was run in partnership with
Google and D-Wave Systems. The algorithm could successfully reduce traffic by choosing the
ideal path for each vehicle, according to VW. Classical computers would take thousands of years
to compute the optimum solution to such a problem. Quantum computers, theoretically, can do it
in a few hours or less, as the number of qubits per quantum computer increases.
15. 2. Quantum Simulation
Quantum simulations explore specific problems in quantum physics that are
beyond the capacity of classical systems. Simulating complex quantum
phenomena could be one of the most important applications of quantum
computing.
Quantum simulation promises to have applications in the study of many
problems in, e.g., condensed-matter physics, high-energy physics, atomic
physics, quantum chemistry and cosmology.
16. 2. Quantum Simulation
In particular, quantum simulators could be used to simulate protein folding one of
biochemistrys toughest problems. Misfolded proteins can cause diseases like Alzheimers and
Parkinsons, and researchers testing new treatments must learn which drugs cause reactions for
each protein through the use of random computer modeling. Quantum computers can help
compute the vast number of possible protein folding sequences for making more effective
medications. In the future, quantum simulations will enable rapid designer drug testing by
accounting for every possible protein-to-drug combination.
17. 2. Universal Quantum
Universal quantum computers are the most powerful and most generally applicable, but
also the hardest to build.
A truly universal quantum computer would likely make use of over 100,000 qubits.
The basic idea behind the universal quantum computer is that you could direct the
machine at any massively complex computation and get a quick solution.
In the distant future, universal quantum computers could revolutionize the field of
artificial intelligence. Quantum AI could enable machine learning that is faster than that
of classical computers.
Rigettis 128 qubit quantum chip
18. Drawbacks (In Todays World)
Algorithm creation
The low temperature needed
Not open for public
Internet Security
19. Tech Giants Utilizing Quantum Computing
IBM
D-Wave Systems
Google
Microsoft Corporation
Rigetti Computing
IonQ
20. Conclusion
Quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize computation
by making certain types of classically intractable problems solvable.
While no quantum computer is yet sophisticated enough to carry out
calculations that a classical computer can't, great progress is under
way.
Quantum simulators are making strides in fields varying from
molecular energetics to many-body physics.
