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Central Luzon State University
College of Arts and Sciences
Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

1. What are the benefits and drawbacks of hydro power electric plant?
ANS. The benefits of hydro power electric plants are:
Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate.
If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be shut, stopping electricity
generation. The water can be saved for use another time when electricity demand is
high.
Dams are designed to last many decades and so can contribute to the generation of
electricity for many years / decades.
The lake that forms behind the dam can be used for water sports and leisure /
pleasure activities. Often large dams become tourist attractions in their own right.
The lake's water can be used for irrigation purposes.
The build up of water in the lake means that energy can be stored until needed,
when the water is released to produce electricity.
When in use, electricity produced by dam systems does not produce green house
gases. They do not pollute the atmosphere.
The drawbacks of hydro power electric plants are:
Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard.
The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate for many decades
to become profitable.
The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural environment is destroyed.
People living in villages and towns that are in the valley to be flooded, must move
out. This means that they lose their farms and businesses. In some countries, people
are forcibly removed so that hydro-power schemes can go ahead.
The building of large dams can cause serious geological damage. Although modern
planning and design of dams is good, in the past old dams have been known to be
breached (the dam gives under the weight of water in the lake). This has led to
deaths and flooding.
Dams built blocking the progress of a river in one country usually means that the
water supply from the same river in the following country is out of their control. This
can lead to serious problems between neighbouring countries.
Building a large dam alters the natural water table level.

2. What are the adverse environmental impacts of hydro power electric plant?
ANS. Reservoirs cover land which was previously in vegetation or forests,. Once underwater
the plants decompose anaerobically releasing methane, a powerful greenhouse gas.
In addition the flooded land may have contained eco-systems needed for plant or animal
habitats.
On the plus side - hydroelectric plants may replace coal fired plants reducing the emissions
of carbon dioxide and acid gas components. Hydroelectric power plants have a very small
effect on the environment, considering the average age of an existing powerhouse in the
United States is over a half century, and they release no pollutants into the air.

3. What are the practices relevant to the preservation of the environment are being
implemented by the power plant to minimize the damage it poses in the community
where the plant is built?
ANS. Nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear
reactor. As in a conventional thermal power station the heat is used to generate steam
which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity. As of 16
January 2013, there were 390 nuclear power plants in operation.
Nuclear power plants are usually considered to be base load stations, since fuel is a small
part of the cost of production.

4. What are

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