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盒潮                              - 惘                 悋盒潮                 悋盒潮
                                                                悄 惘惆悋



                                                                                                                           悋 :                      悋盒潮
        惶 . Pb
         602
          28                 悋惠 悋           留 硫悒
                                                
                                                                    惠悋    悋盒潮                     832
                                                                                                 29  U
                                                                                               悋惠 悋 惘悋 盒潮
                                                                                 1- 惆 惆 悋 惠  留 惆 悋 惠 . 硫
                                                                                      


                                                                   悋悸 . 206 Pb
                                                                      28            悋悸  238U悒
                                                                                      29         2- 悋悛 悋 惆 悋
                                                                 留
                                                                                    622 01
                     :         惆 悋      悋盒潮              悋盒潮                 1g悋 悋惆   3,62.10 88 Ra惆        3-
622
 88   Ra  Rn + He
          A
          Z
                4
                2

                                                                                                                      A .Z                    悖- 悖
                                                                                              悋惆 .                  悋盒潮                         惡- 悋
                                                                        .14,3 jours           惘  15 P
                                                                                                53
                                                                                                                           悋盒潮                      4-
                                                                      惘 . 15 P
                                                                        53
                                                                                  悸悋                               悋 愀悋                            悋盒潮
                                                                                                                           :           悋盒潮              悋盒潮
                                 ) (Z,N悛    :
                                            惆悋 悋                                                        悋惘             悋盒潮
              悵 悋 惆 : N=Z       )02< (Z悋       悋                                                 悋惘              悋盒潮                           ≒
       悵 悋 惆 : 01-N= 1,5Z    )04> (A 悋      悋                                              悋惘               悋盒潮 悛                             ≒
                              )05=.(Z      )3= (Z 悋                                         悸       1- 惆 惆 悛 悋  悋
                             惠 悖 悋  惠     悋盒潮                                                  悸          悋悸 7 N
                                                                                                             21
                                                                                                                     2-  悋
                            惠 悖 悋  惠    悋盒潮                                                   悸        悋悸 45 Rh
                                                                                                          511
                                                                                                                     3-  悋

                                                                                                                           :           悋盒潮              悋盒潮
                                                悸 惘悸 . Ra
                                                    A
                                                    Z
                                                            *
                                                             惆  留 悋悸            悋悸 悋 惘  Th                 722
                                                                                                              09

                             ..        悋悋       惺  粒悋 悋悛   227Th 惆 悋
                                                                 09        惆 悋    1- 惆  A  Z 悋悛
                              悸 Th
                             722
                              09                  悋盒潮    悖  1mg     悋 惘   227Th悛
                                                                       09                 2- 惆 愀
                                                                                   .t1/2 = 18,3jours
                                                                                                                           悋 悋 :                      悋盒潮
                    :         惆 悋       悋盒潮      602
                                                 28   惶 Pb           悸悋   留              惆         012
                                                                                                     48      Po               悸悋
012
 48   Po Pb + He
          602
           28
                4
                2

                                                    .m0=1g       悛               悋盒潮                     t=0s               悋盒潮                        1-
                                                     .t' = 227jours           悋盒潮                             留悋                 悋盒潮           悛          悋盒潮
                                                              .                        悋                悋                悋盒潮       悛               2-悋
                                                                                                                                   惠:                 悋盒潮
. M( 留 )  4g.mol-1 ; M(Po) 210g.mol-1 ; t1/2 (Po) = 138,5 jours




         http://phychi.voila.net
:           悋盒潮          悋盒潮
      %27,0  %82,99.         悋 悋      532  832 惘悋   U                                     悋盒潮
                                                                                             悋 惘悸 悋
悋 惘悋        惘                     悋 惘悸 )%05( 悋      悋                            惷 悖  悵 悋
                                                                                        .     悸 悋
                                     悋惘 .           悖       悋盒潮       悸       惘 悋 惘悋  
                                                                                                           惠:         悋盒潮

.1-了235 = 1,02 10-9 an-1 ; 了238 = 1,55 10-10 an
                                                                                   832 N
      .     惠悋            t              235U U
                                      832
                                                                悋惠 悋        惆                     悋盒潮               1- 悖
                                                                                   532 N
                                                                                       N
                                                        .       悋盒潮            悸    832 悋 悋              悋盒潮           2- 悋
                                                                                       532 N

                                                                .       悋盒潮        悋 惘悋                        惆    3-




      http://phychi.voila.net
悋盒潮
                                                                                                                          :悋              悋盒潮
                                           :     悋盒潮         悋盒潮    206
                                                                 82   Pb 悋悸        悒     U 悋悸
                                                                                       238
                                                                                        92            盒潮               惆 悋       悋盒潮          -1
  U  Pb + x He + y e
238
 92
               206
                82
                          4
                          2
                                  0
                                 1

                                                                                             :惠                      惴悋 惆悋           -悋
      238=206+4x
                                                                                                                                      
      4x=32
                                                                                                                                    :悒悵
      x=8

                                                                                                  :              悋盒潮        惴悋         -悋
      92=82+16-y
                                                                                                                                    :悒悵
      y=6
                                                           .6  硫  惠         惆悋         8留 惠                  惆悋        悋 
                                                                                                                                           -2
  U  Pb +8 He + 6 e
238
 92
               206
                82
                         4
                         2
                                  0
                                 1




                                                                                                                                           -3
                                                                                                                                      -悖
                                                                                             :              惠悋       惆悋     惴        -悋
226=A+4
A=222.
                                                                                                  :              悋盒潮        惴悋         -悋
      88=Z+2
      Z=86
                                                                                                                                -惡
                                                                               10
                                                               a =3,62.10 Bq :                       226
                                                                                                       88   Ra       1g      愀悋
                                                                                                                            :悖
                           m.N A       ln 2 m.N A
      a = 了N = 了                     =
                          M ( 88 Ra ) t1 / 2 M ( 226Ra )
                             226
                                                  88

                                                                                                                                    :悒悵
                  ln 2 m.N A
      t1 / 2    =
                   a M ( 226Ra )
                          88

                                                                                                                                :惠 惺
                                  23
                     ln 2.1.6,02.10
      t1 / 2 =                      = 5,10.1010 s  1617ans
                      3,62.1010.226




           http://phychi.voila.net
:           -4
           ln 2        ln 2
      了=         =             = 5,61.10 7 s 1
           t1 / 2 14,3.24.3600
                                                                                     :        悋盒潮                悋盒潮
                                                N=Z :             悋惘      悋       悖 悋悸 悋               -1
                                                                                           :                 
A=2Z=6
                                       :                悋惘   (  悋A>40)             悖 悋悸 悋               -2
N=1,5Z-10 =65
                                                                                              :                
A=Z+N=50+65=115.
                                           (Z=7 ; N=5) Z>N 悒 悖              7 N 悋悸
                                                                            12
                                                                                       3- 悋
                                .悋  惠                         悸               7 N 悋悸
                                                                               12
                                                                                          悋盒潮
                      .(N=70)     70 ( Z=45) 54                       45 Rh 悋悸
                                                                         115
                                                                                       4- 悋
                                               :悸          惠 悋 慍          惆悋
Nth=1,5Z-10= 1,5 . 45 -10 =57,5<N.
               . 惠     悋盒潮                   悸         45 Rh 悋悸
                                                      115
                                                                   悒悵 悋NNth : 悖
                                                                                     :        悋盒潮                悋盒潮
                                                                                                           -1
227
 90 Th Ra + He
           A
           Z
                 *    4
                      2

                                                                            :惠       惴悋 惆悋                 -悋
227= A+4
A=223.
                                                                                 :       惆悋   惴            -悋
90 =Z+2
Z=88
                                                                                     :        惆 悋              -
227
 90 Th Ra + He
           223
            88
                      4
                      2

                                                                                                           :
A
Z   Ra  Ra + 粒
      *    A
           Z

                                                                                                  :        -2
                   m.N A     ln 2 m.N A
a = 了N = 了                 =
                  M ( 90Th) t1 / 2 M ( 227Th)
                     227
                                        90

                                                                                                      :惠 惺
                 3       23
      ln 2.10 .6,02.10
a=                     = 1,16.1012 Bq
      18,3.24.3600.227




          http://phychi.voila.net
: 悋 悋            悋盒潮
                                                                                     : t                       悋            惆 悋       悖        -1
                             m0 N A 了 .t
N = N 0e 了 .t =                     e
                             M ( Po)
                                                                                            .留      惆                          悸         悖 悛
                                                                                                   : t                        悋盒潮留        悒悵 惆 惆
N (留 ) = N 0  N = N 0 (1  e  了 .t )
                                                                                                                         :         悋盒潮留        惆     悛
        N (留 ).M (留 ) N 0 .M (留 )
m(留 ) =              =            (1  e 了 .t )
             NA            NA
                                                                                                                                              :
       m0 N A
N0 =
       M ( Po)
                                                                                                                                                  :悒悵
              m0 .M (留 )                 m .M (留 ) 錚                       錚         t
                                                          (ln 2 ).
m(留 ) =                  (1  e 了 .t ) = 0        錚1  e           t1 / 2 錚

               M ( Po)                    M ( Po) 錚錚
                                                                           錚
                                                                           錚
                                                                                                                                              :惠 惺
              1 .4 錚                                     錚
                                                227
                                      (ln 2 ).
m(留 ) =            錚1  e                      138 , 5   錚  1,3.10 2 g
              210 錚錚
                                                         錚
                                                         錚
                                                                                                : t                     悋          惆 悋          -2
                了 .t
N = N 0e
                                                                                            :      悛                     悋盒潮     m                    
                                        (ln 2 ).t
                                      
m = m0e 了 .t = m0e                       t1 / 2


                                                                                                                                              :惠 惺
             (ln 2 ).2.365 , 25
           
m = 1e            138 , 5
                                      = 2,58.10 2 g = 25,8mg
                                                                                                                                :         悋盒潮          悋盒潮
       :          悋盒潮               悋盒潮                         悸悛       惆         悒悵       悋 悋惘      悖       惘悸    悋盒潮                     悖 悋        -1
                       了235t
N 235 = N 0e
N 238 = N 0e  了238t
                                                                                                                                         :          
                         了238t             了238t
N 238 N 0e         e
     =     了235t
                  = 了235t = e ( 了235 了238 )t
N 235 N 0e         e
                                                            .N             悋盒潮               悋 悸         悋 惘悋  悋             惆                    -2
                                                                                                                                              :
N238 = 0,9928.N
N235 = 0,0072.N
                                                                                                                                                  :悒悵


           http://phychi.voila.net
N 238 0,9928 N
     =          137,89
N 235 0,0072 N
                                        :悖     -3
N 238
      = e ( 了235 了238 )t
N 235
                                              :悒悵
     錚N 錚
   ln錚 238 錚
     錚N 錚
t = 錚 235 錚
   了235  了238
                                              :惠 惺
       ln (137,89)
t=                  10
                         5,7.109 ans
   (10,2  1,55).10




         http://phychi.voila.net
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Radioact1

  • 1. 盒潮 - 惘 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 悄 惘惆悋 悋 : 悋盒潮 惶 . Pb 602 28 悋惠 悋 留 硫悒 惠悋 悋盒潮 832 29 U 悋惠 悋 惘悋 盒潮 1- 惆 惆 悋 惠 留 惆 悋 惠 . 硫 悋悸 . 206 Pb 28 悋悸 238U悒 29 2- 悋悛 悋 惆 悋 留 622 01 : 惆 悋 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 1g悋 悋惆 3,62.10 88 Ra惆 3- 622 88 Ra Rn + He A Z 4 2 A .Z 悖- 悖 悋惆 . 悋盒潮 惡- 悋 .14,3 jours 惘 15 P 53 悋盒潮 4- 惘 . 15 P 53 悸悋 悋 愀悋 悋盒潮 : 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 ) (Z,N悛 : 惆悋 悋 悋惘 悋盒潮 悵 悋 惆 : N=Z )02< (Z悋 悋 悋惘 悋盒潮 ≒ 悵 悋 惆 : 01-N= 1,5Z )04> (A 悋 悋 悋惘 悋盒潮 悛 ≒ )05=.(Z )3= (Z 悋 悸 1- 惆 惆 悛 悋 悋 惠 悖 悋 惠 悋盒潮 悸 悋悸 7 N 21 2- 悋 惠 悖 悋 惠 悋盒潮 悸 悋悸 45 Rh 511 3- 悋 : 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 悸 惘悸 . Ra A Z * 惆 留 悋悸 悋悸 悋 惘 Th 722 09 .. 悋悋 惺 粒悋 悋悛 227Th 惆 悋 09 惆 悋 1- 惆 A Z 悋悛 悸 Th 722 09 悋盒潮 悖 1mg 悋 惘 227Th悛 09 2- 惆 愀 .t1/2 = 18,3jours 悋 悋 : 悋盒潮 : 惆 悋 悋盒潮 602 28 惶 Pb 悸悋 留 惆 012 48 Po 悸悋 012 48 Po Pb + He 602 28 4 2 .m0=1g 悛 悋盒潮 t=0s 悋盒潮 1- .t' = 227jours 悋盒潮 留悋 悋盒潮 悛 悋盒潮 . 悋 悋 悋盒潮 悛 2-悋 惠: 悋盒潮 . M( 留 ) 4g.mol-1 ; M(Po) 210g.mol-1 ; t1/2 (Po) = 138,5 jours http://phychi.voila.net
  • 2. : 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 %27,0 %82,99. 悋 悋 532 832 惘悋 U 悋盒潮 悋 惘悸 悋 悋 惘悋 惘 悋 惘悸 )%05( 悋 悋 惷 悖 悵 悋 . 悸 悋 悋惘 . 悖 悋盒潮 悸 惘 悋 惘悋 惠: 悋盒潮 .1-了235 = 1,02 10-9 an-1 ; 了238 = 1,55 10-10 an 832 N . 惠悋 t 235U U 832 悋惠 悋 惆 悋盒潮 1- 悖 532 N N . 悋盒潮 悸 832 悋 悋 悋盒潮 2- 悋 532 N . 悋盒潮 悋 惘悋 惆 3- http://phychi.voila.net
  • 3. 悋盒潮 :悋 悋盒潮 : 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 206 82 Pb 悋悸 悒 U 悋悸 238 92 盒潮 惆 悋 悋盒潮 -1 U Pb + x He + y e 238 92 206 82 4 2 0 1 :惠 惴悋 惆悋 -悋 238=206+4x 4x=32 :悒悵 x=8 : 悋盒潮 惴悋 -悋 92=82+16-y :悒悵 y=6 .6 硫 惠 惆悋 8留 惠 惆悋 悋 -2 U Pb +8 He + 6 e 238 92 206 82 4 2 0 1 -3 -悖 : 惠悋 惆悋 惴 -悋 226=A+4 A=222. : 悋盒潮 惴悋 -悋 88=Z+2 Z=86 -惡 10 a =3,62.10 Bq : 226 88 Ra 1g 愀悋 :悖 m.N A ln 2 m.N A a = 了N = 了 = M ( 88 Ra ) t1 / 2 M ( 226Ra ) 226 88 :悒悵 ln 2 m.N A t1 / 2 = a M ( 226Ra ) 88 :惠 惺 23 ln 2.1.6,02.10 t1 / 2 = = 5,10.1010 s 1617ans 3,62.1010.226 http://phychi.voila.net
  • 4. : -4 ln 2 ln 2 了= = = 5,61.10 7 s 1 t1 / 2 14,3.24.3600 : 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 N=Z : 悋惘 悋 悖 悋悸 悋 -1 : A=2Z=6 : 悋惘 ( 悋A>40) 悖 悋悸 悋 -2 N=1,5Z-10 =65 : A=Z+N=50+65=115. (Z=7 ; N=5) Z>N 悒 悖 7 N 悋悸 12 3- 悋 .悋 惠 悸 7 N 悋悸 12 悋盒潮 .(N=70) 70 ( Z=45) 54 45 Rh 悋悸 115 4- 悋 :悸 惠 悋 慍 惆悋 Nth=1,5Z-10= 1,5 . 45 -10 =57,5<N. . 惠 悋盒潮 悸 45 Rh 悋悸 115 悒悵 悋NNth : 悖 : 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 -1 227 90 Th Ra + He A Z * 4 2 :惠 惴悋 惆悋 -悋 227= A+4 A=223. : 惆悋 惴 -悋 90 =Z+2 Z=88 : 惆 悋 - 227 90 Th Ra + He 223 88 4 2 : A Z Ra Ra + 粒 * A Z : -2 m.N A ln 2 m.N A a = 了N = 了 = M ( 90Th) t1 / 2 M ( 227Th) 227 90 :惠 惺 3 23 ln 2.10 .6,02.10 a= = 1,16.1012 Bq 18,3.24.3600.227 http://phychi.voila.net
  • 5. : 悋 悋 悋盒潮 : t 悋 惆 悋 悖 -1 m0 N A 了 .t N = N 0e 了 .t = e M ( Po) .留 惆 悸 悖 悛 : t 悋盒潮留 悒悵 惆 惆 N (留 ) = N 0 N = N 0 (1 e 了 .t ) : 悋盒潮留 惆 悛 N (留 ).M (留 ) N 0 .M (留 ) m(留 ) = = (1 e 了 .t ) NA NA : m0 N A N0 = M ( Po) :悒悵 m0 .M (留 ) m .M (留 ) 錚 錚 t (ln 2 ). m(留 ) = (1 e 了 .t ) = 0 錚1 e t1 / 2 錚 M ( Po) M ( Po) 錚錚 錚 錚 :惠 惺 1 .4 錚 錚 227 (ln 2 ). m(留 ) = 錚1 e 138 , 5 錚 1,3.10 2 g 210 錚錚 錚 錚 : t 悋 惆 悋 -2 了 .t N = N 0e : 悛 悋盒潮 m (ln 2 ).t m = m0e 了 .t = m0e t1 / 2 :惠 惺 (ln 2 ).2.365 , 25 m = 1e 138 , 5 = 2,58.10 2 g = 25,8mg : 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 : 悋盒潮 悋盒潮 悸悛 惆 悒悵 悋 悋惘 悖 惘悸 悋盒潮 悖 悋 -1 了235t N 235 = N 0e N 238 = N 0e 了238t : 了238t 了238t N 238 N 0e e = 了235t = 了235t = e ( 了235 了238 )t N 235 N 0e e .N 悋盒潮 悋 悸 悋 惘悋 悋 惆 -2 : N238 = 0,9928.N N235 = 0,0072.N :悒悵 http://phychi.voila.net
  • 6. N 238 0,9928 N = 137,89 N 235 0,0072 N :悖 -3 N 238 = e ( 了235 了238 )t N 235 :悒悵 錚N 錚 ln錚 238 錚 錚N 錚 t = 錚 235 錚 了235 了238 :惠 惺 ln (137,89) t= 10 5,7.109 ans (10,2 1,55).10 http://phychi.voila.net