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1. GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF RAILWAY TRACK

4. Elements of geometric design Gradients Horizontal and vertical curves Superelevation Transition curves Widening on curves

10. There are many examples of pusher gradients in India. On Western Ghats with B.G. track, pusher gradient of 1 in 37, on Darjeeling Railway with N.G. Track, a ruling gradient of 1 in 25 is provided. A helper gradient of 1 in 75, 1 in 100 with additional one engine, is generally used.