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Abstract:
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by progressive motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. While there is currently no cure for PD, pharmacological interventions play a crucial role in managing its symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients. This presentation provides a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacological management of Parkinson's Disease, covering the mechanisms of action, efficacy, side effects, and challenges associated with various medications used in its treatment. Through an in-depth exploration of the available pharmacotherapies, this presentation aims to equip healthcare professionals with the knowledge necessary to make informed decisions in the management of PD patients.
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Chemical Formula- HgS
Chemical name- mercury sulfide
Nature Crystalline
Colour- Bright Red
Crystal- Trigonal.
Clevage- -
Diaphaneity- Transparent to Translucent
Fracture- Uneven
Tenacity- Brittle
Lustre- Vitreous
Streak- Red
Sp. Gravity- 8 to 8.1
Hardness- 2 to 2.5
Sources
- It is found near volcanic region and near mercury mines(extracted).
- It is associated with other minerals like Stibnite, pyrite, realgar, calcite etc.
- Almaden (Spain), California, Texas.
Types
1) Charmara
2) Shukhatunda
3) Hamsapada ( Ap 2/69)
1) Khanija
2) Kritrima (RT 9/4)
Grahya ad Agrahyata
爐爐爐 爐爛爐伍爐 爐朽ぐ爛爐爐鉦き: 爐爛爐劇ぃ 爐伍爐爐爛爐項ぐ: |
爐爐項爐爛爐朽ぞ爐迦 爐爐鉦ぐ爐爛爐萎爐爛 爐項た爐爐爛爐: 爐謹爐萎爐劇爐 爐爐爛爐爐む || RT 9/3
Doshas
Andya( Blindness)
Kshinata
Klama
Bhrama
Moha
Prameha ( AP 2/73)
Shodhana
1) Grahya Hingula ChurnaArdraka rasa bhavana(7)--Shuddhahingula (RT 9/12)
Marana
Other Processing Techniques
Satwa Patana
-Shuddha HingulaAdhaha patana/Urdhwa patana -Satva (Parada) (RRS 3/144)
Yogas
Hinguleshwar rasa
Anandabhairava Rasa,
Mrutunjaya Rasa,
Tribhuvana keerti Rasa, etc.
Research Updates
A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ON HINGULA (CINNABAR- HgS)
https://ijapr.in/index.php/ijapr/article/view/1237
EXTRACTION OF PARAD FROM HINGULA, A TRADITIONAL AYURVEDIC METHOD
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323601866_EXTRACTION_OF_PARAD_FROM_HINGULA_A_TRADITIONAL_AYURVEDIC_METHOD
DrMahantesh.B.Rudrapuri,
M.D.(Ayu) FAGE , PGDYT
HOD Department of Rasa Shastra&BhaishajyaKalpana
Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College,
INCHAL 591 102, Dist: Belgaum
Mob: 9972710790
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Rajkot press
- 1. Surgery for Movement and Psychiatric Disorders Dr. Paresh K Doshi In-charge Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgical Program Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre
- 2. Movement Disorders Parkinsons Disease Tremors Dystonia
- 3. Parkinsons Disease Tremors, slow movements, stiffness, postural instability 8-20/10,000 Usually associated with old age- young not uncommon Levodopa treatment most effective initially
- 4. Medical Management Levodopa- Dopamine replacement Other drugs: Dopamine agonists like ropinarole, pramipexole etc. Side effects: NauseaVomiting Dyskinesias, Hallucinations, Constipation
- 5. Who is the best surgical candidate Usually >5yrs of disease on-off fluctuations Significant dyskinesias Off phase dystonia and pain Uncontrolled tremors Levodopa responsive symptoms
- 7. Surgical strategies for Parkinsons Disease LesionLesion StimulationStimulation Subthalamic nucleusSubthalamic nucleus
- 8. What is Deep Brain Stimulation IPG LEAD
- 9. What is Deep Brain Stimulation
- 10. STN Lesion
- 11. Total no. of Movement Disorders Surgeries- 254 Deep brain stimulation surgeries-182 DBS for PD-162 Demographics
- 13. Surgery
- 15. Real Estate Consultant Back on his Legs
- 16. Preop 1Y Postop 3Y Postop
- 18. N=30 N=26 59% 54% Doshi et al, Neurology India 2004 Doshi et al, Movement Disorder 2006 Results
- 19. N=30 N=26 36% 38% Doshi et al, Neurology India 2004 Doshi et al, Movement Disorder 2006 Results
- 20. STN Lesioning
- 21. After 5 years
- 22. Thank You
Editor's Notes
- #9: Dbs consists of implantation of the electrode in deeply located cells of the brain. This electrode is only 1 mm in diameter and has four contact points that can be used to deliver current. The electrode is connected to a pacemaker with the help of subcutaneously tunneled wires brought down behind the ear. The pacemaker is implanted below the collar bone under the pad of skin and fat. This whole system is implanted in such a way that it is not visible easily to the onlooker. Current is generated in the pacemaker and is delivered to the brain cells via one of the contact points.
- #10: The advantage of deep brain stimulation is its immense flexibility in delivering current. The whole system can be programmed from outside, giving the physician complete freedom to tailor the treatment to suit each individual patients need, one can even choose different combinations of current parameters for the right and left side of brain. Patients are given a small remote control known as access device. With the help of this the patients can alter current setting to suit their daily requirements. As the limits of this alterations can be set by the physician, there is no fear of harming one self.