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 SUBMITTED BY:
 RAM KUMAR CHUGH
 IT B
 ROLL NO:78
 SUBMITTED TO :

 operating system is the set of programs that
controls a computer.
 It provide a pleasant and effective interface
between the user and the hardware
 Makes the computer more convenient to use

 a collection of programs which control the
resources of a computer system
 written in low-level languages (i.e. machine-
dependent)
 an interface between the users and the
hardware
 when the computer is on, OS will first load
into the main memory

Operating
System
Device configuration
Controls peripheral devices connected to the computer
File management
Transfers files between main memory and secondary
storage, manages file folders, allocates the secondary
storage space, and provides file protection and
recovery
Memory management
Allocates the use of random access memory (RAM) to
requesting processes
Interface platform
Allows the computer to run other applications

 Process Management
 Memory Management
 File Management
 Security management
 Command Interpreter

 By process management OS
manages many kinds of activities
:-
All process from start to shut down
Creation and deletion of user and
system processes.

 The major activities of an
operating regard to memory-
management are:-
Decide which process are loaded into memory
when memory space becomes available.
Allocate and deallocate memory space as
needed.

 The file management system
allows the user to perform such
tasks:-
Creating files and directories
Renaming files
Coping and moving files
Deleting files

 By security management OS
manages many tasks such as:-
Alert messages
Dialogue boxes
Firewall
Passwords

 A command interpreter is an
interface between system and the
user. There are two types of user
interface:-
Command line
Graphical user interface

 With a command line user interface the
user interact with the OS by typing command
to perform specific tasks
 With a graphical user interface the user
interacts with the OS by using a mouse to
access windows icons and menus

 best use of the computer resources
 provide a background for user’s programs to
execute
 display and deal with errors when it happens
 control the selection and operation of the
peripherals
 act as a communication link between users
 system protection

 a part of operating system to control disk
operation
 2 parts
› small system data
 keep track of key information of the disk
› data area
 where data file is stored

 efficient
› time spent to execute its programs should be
short
 small in size
› memory occupied should be as small as possible
 reliable

 Batch processing
 Real time processing
 Time sharing processing

 Jobs, together with input data, are fed into
the system in a batch.
 The jobs are then run one after another.
 No job can be started until previous job is
completed

 immediate response is needed.
 For example
› anti-missile defense system
› airplane landing control system
› interrupt error in computer system

 Each user is given a time slice to interact
with the CPU.
 The size of the time slice will depend on
the system.
 Each user is served in sequence.

 multi-tasking
 multi-programming
 parallel processing
 buffering
 spooling

 a temporary storage area (buffers) to read
data from input device or send data to the
output device
 keep CPU busy
› because I/O operation is slow

 a larger buffer from hard disk
 buffer store the data through I/O operation
› because I/O operation is slow and CPU
operation is fast

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