1. Rau Qua? Muo¨¢i Chua GVHD: Nguye?n Thuy¨´ H??ng
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M C L C
L??i m?? ?a¨¤u................................................................................................................... 2
Ch??ng 1: To?ng quan ve¨¤ qua¨´ tr¨¬nh muo¨¢i chua rau qua?................................................ 3
I. Ta¨´c nha?n vi sinh v t s?? du?ng trong qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men.............................................. 3
1. ?a?c ?ie?m cu?a vi khua?n le?n men lactic................................................................... 3
2. Pha?n loa?i vi khua?n le?n men lactic.......................................................................... 3
II. Ba?n cha¨¢t sinh ho¨´a, c? che¨¢ cu?a qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men lactic.......................................... 4
1. Ba?n cha¨¢t sinh ho¨´a cu?a qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men lactic ..................................................... 4
2. C? che¨¢ cu?a qua¨´ tr¨¬nh muo¨¢i chua rau qua? ............................................................... 5
Ch??ng 2: Mo?t so¨¢ qui tr¨¬nh muo¨¢i chua rau qua? cu? the?................................................. 7
I. B p c i mu i chua..................................................................................................... 7
1. Qui tr¨¬nh muo¨¢i chua ba¨¦p ca?i................................................................................... 7
2. Thuye¨¢t minh qui tr¨¬nh............................................................................................. 7
II.D?a chuo?t muo¨¢i chua.............................................................................................. 11
1. Qui tr¨¬nh muo¨¢i chua d?a chuo?t............................................................................. 11
2. Thuye¨¢t minh qui tr¨¬nh........................................................................................... 12
III. Ca?i be? muo¨¢i chua¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡.14
1. Quy tr¨¬nh ca?i be? muo¨¢i chua¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡. 14
2. Thuye¨¢t minh quy tr¨¬nh¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡.. 15
IV. Ca? muo¨¢i chua¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡.16
Ch??ng 3: Ca¨´c ye¨¢u to¨¢ a?nh h???ng qua¨´ tr¨¬nh muo¨¢i chua rau qua?
va? ca¨´c ch? tie?u cha¨¢t l???ng sa?n pha?m........................................................................ 17
I. Ca¨´c ye¨¢u to¨¢ a?nh h???ng qua¨´ tr¨¬nh muo¨¢i chua rau qua?............................................. 17
II. Ca¨´c ch? tie?u cha¨¢t l???ng sa?n pha?m ....................................................................... 17
2. Rau Qua? Muo¨¢i Chua GVHD: Nguye?n Thuy¨´ H??ng
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C¨¢c s n ph m th c ph m l¨ºn men truy n th ng l¨¤ m t trong c¨¢c lo i s n ph m l¨ºn men ph
bi n c a c¨¢c d?n t c tr¨ºn th gi i. ¨® l¨¤ m t lo i th c ph m th c?ng, mang s c th¨¢i kinh
nghi m v¨¤ b n s c ri¨ºng c a t ng d n t c. C?ng ngh s n xu t c¨¢c s n ph m th c ph m l¨ºn
men truy n th ng ? c th c hi n c a c m t d?n t c v¨¤ ? c truy n t t i n¨¤y qua i
kh¨¢c. Theo th i gian, c¨¢c s n ph m l¨ºn men truy n th ng ng¨¤y c¨¤ng ? c m r ng c v
ch ng lo i v¨¤ ph??ng ph¨¢p ch bi n. Do t¨ªnh ch t c bi t c a n¨® m¨¤ s n ph m l¨ºn men
truy n th ng c¨® m t v tr¨ª ri¨ºng cho t ng v¨´ng, n¨® mang s c th¨¢i c a m t n n v?n h¨®a ri¨ºng.
H u nh? m i d?n t c u c¨® ri¨ºng nh ng s n ph m th c ph m l¨ºn men truy n th ng c a m¨¬nh
v i nh ng n¨¦t ri¨ºng r t c tr?ng, mang m d u n qu¨º h??ng.
Ng? i ta ? bi t hi n t? ng l¨ºn men lactic t l?u l¨¤m s a chua, mu i chua rau qu ,
th c ?n gia s¨²c, s n xu t acid lactic (l¨¤m m m v¨¤ n da), d¨´ng trong c?ng nghi p d t (nhu m,
in), t ng h p ch t d o, c?ng nghi p th c ph m. S n xu t lactat canxi d¨´ng ch a b nh thi u
m¨¢u, lactat ng d¨´ng l¨¤m dung m?i v¨¤ c¨¢c vi khu n l¨ºn men lactic ? c d¨´ng l¨¤m probiotic.
Rau qu mu i chua l¨¤ s n ph m thu c nh¨®m s n ph m l¨ºn men lactic. Vi c mu i chua rau
qu v a nh m m c ¨ªch b o qu n rau qu , v a l¨¤m t?ng gi¨¢ tr c m quan c a s n ph m
nguy¨ºn li u. Rau qu mu i chua c¨® h??ng v c tr?ng, c¨® th s d ng ?n ngay m¨¤ kh?ng c n
ph i ch bi n.
T nh ng ¨ªch l i c a vi c mu i chua rau qu , b¨¤i ti u lu n n¨¤y s gi¨²p ch¨²ng ta hi u r?
h?n v s n ph m rau qu mu i chua.
3. Rau Qua? Muo¨¢i Chua GVHD: Nguye?n Thuy¨´ H??ng
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Ch??ng 1:
TO?NG QUAN VE? QUA? TR?NH MUO?I CHUA RAU QUA?
I. TA?C NHA?N VI SINH VA?T S?? DU?NG TRONG QUA? TR?NH LE?N MEN
LACTIC[3]
1. ?a?c ?ie?m cu?a vi khua?n le?n men lactic
Na¨ºm 1780, nha? toa¨´n ho?c Thu?y ?ie?n Scheele la¨¤n ?a¨¤u tie?n ta¨´ch ????c acid lactic t?? s??a bo?
le?n men chua. Na¨ºm 1857, Pasteur ch?¨´ng minh ra¨¨ng vie?c la?m s??a chua la? ke¨¢t qua? hoa?t
?o?ng cu?a mo?t nho¨´m vi sinh va?t ?a?t bie?t go?i la? vi khua?n lactic. Na¨ºm 1878, Liester pha?n la?p
tha?nh co?ng vi khua?n lactic ?a¨¤u tie?n va? ?a?t te?n la? Bacterium lactic (hie?n nay go?i la?
Streptococcus lactic); ve¨¤ sau ca¨´c nha? khoa ho?c lie?n tie¨¢p pha?n la?p ????c nhie¨¤u loa?i vi khua?n
lactic kha¨´c nhau. Co?ng nghie?p le?n men ?e? sa?n xua¨¢t acid lactic co¨´ the? no¨´i ?a? ????c h¨¬nh
tha?nh t?? na¨ºm 1881.
Vi khua?n lactic ????c xe¨¢p va?o ho? Lactobacteriaccae. Chu¨´ng co¨´ the? la? ca¨¤u khua?n, tr??c
khua?n nga¨¦n hoa?c da?i nh?ng ?e¨¤u la? vi khua?n gram d??ng, kho?ng ta?o ba?o t?? va? ha¨¤u he¨¢t
kho?ng chuye?n ?o?ng. Chu¨´ng kho?ng co¨´ cytochrom va? catalase nh?ng so¨¢ng ????c trong ?ie¨¤u
kie?n co¨´ oxy kho?ng kh¨ª v¨¬ co¨´ proxyoase pha?n gia?i H2O2 tha?nh oxy kho?ng kh¨ª ne?n go?i la? vi
khua?n hie¨¢u kh¨ª hoa?c k¨° kh¨ª kho?ng ba¨¦t buo?c. Nho¨´m vi khua?n lactic la? nho¨´m vi sinh va?t co¨´ y¨´
ngh¨®a quan tro?ng nha¨¢t trong co?ng nghie?p s??a, no¨´i chung ?a?y la? ta¨´c nha?n ga?y le?n men
nha¨¨m sa?n xua¨¢t ha?ng loa?t ca¨´c sa?n pha?m t?? s??a kha¨´c nhau trong ?o¨´ co¨´ yoghurt (s??a
chua),fomat,b? chua. Ngoa?i ?¨´ng du?ng trong co?ng nghie?p s??a, vi khua?n lactic co?n ????c s??
du?ng nhie¨¤u trong co?ng nghie?p sa?n xua¨¢t acid lactic, co?ng nghie?p che¨¢ bie¨¢n th¨°t ca¨´, co?ng
nghie?p muo¨¢i rau qua?, sa?n xua¨¢t men tie?u ho¨´a trong y ho?c, va? du?ng ?e? u? chua th?¨´c a¨ºn gia
su¨´c trong co?ng nghie?p.
S?? pha?n bo¨¢ cu?a vi khua?n lactic trong t?? nhie?n ca?ng ch?¨´ng to? nh??ng vi khua?n na?y ye?u ca¨¤u
dinh d???ng cao va? kha? na¨ºng pha?n gia?i ?e? thu na¨ºng l???ng cu?a chu¨´ng l?¨´n. Nh??ng vi khua?n
lactic ¨ªt ga?p trong ?a¨¢t,n??¨´c ma? th???ng ga?p ?? trong s??a va? ca¨´c sa?n pha?m cu?a s??a (nh?
Lactobacillus lactis, L.bulgaricus, L.helveticus, L.casei, L.fermenti, L.brevis, Streptococcus
lactis, Str.diacetilactis¡), tre?n be¨¤ ma?t cu?a th??c va?t va? xa¨´c ca?y ?ang pha?n gia?i (nh?
Lactobacillusplantarum, L.delbruckii, L.fermenti, L.brevis, Streptococcus lactis,
Leuconostoc mesenteroides¡), trong ruo?t va? ?? l?¨´p ma?ng nha¨¤y cu?a ng???i va? ?o?ng va?t (nh?
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcusfaecalis, Str.salivarius, Str.bovis, Str.pyogenses,
Pneumococcus¡)
2. Pha?n loa?i vi khua?n le?n men lactic
D??a va?o sa?n pha?m sinh ra trong qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men, ng???i ta chia vi khua?n lactic chia la?m
2 nho¨´m: Nho¨´m vi khua?n le?n men lactic ?ie?n h¨¬nh (?o¨¤ng h¨¬nh) va? nho¨´m vi khua?n le?n men
lactic kho?ng ?ie?n h¨¬nh (d¨° h¨¬nh).
+ Vi khua?n le?n men lactic ?o¨¤ng h¨¬nh sa?n sinh 85-95% acid lactic. Do thie¨¢u porphyrin va?
cytocrom, kho?ng co¨´ chuo?i va?n chuye?n electron ne?n chu¨´ng thu thie¨¢u na¨ºng l???ng ba¨¨ng con
????ng le?n men ba¨¦t buo?c. Nho¨´m vi khua?n na?y go¨¤m co¨´ ca¨´c ca¨¤u khua?n Streptococcus lactis,
Streptococcus cremoris va? ca¨´c tr??c khua?n Lactobacterium acidophilum, Lactocbacterium
helveticum, Lactobacilus bulgaricus¡
4. Rau Qua? Muo¨¢i Chua GVHD: Nguye?n Thuy¨´ H??ng
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+ Vi khua?n le?n men lactic d¨° h¨¬nh sa?n sinh 50% acid lactic, 25% co¨¤n va? 25% acid acetic.
Nho¨´m vi khua?n na?y go¨¤m co¨´ ca¨´c vi khua?n sinh h??ng Streptococcus votrovorus,
Streptococus paracotrovorus, Streptococcus diacetylactis, tr??c khua?n betabacteri¡
Do ta?o nhie¨¤u acid lactic trong qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men ne?n ch? co¨´ nho¨´m vi khua?n le?n men lactic
?o¨¤ng h¨¬nh la? co¨´ y¨´ ngh¨®a ve¨¤ ma?t co?ng nghie?p.
II. BA?N CHA?T SINH HO?A, C? CHE? CU?A QUA? TR?NH LE?N MEN LACTIC
1. Ba?n cha¨¢t cu?a qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men lactic
Le?n men lactic la¨´ qua¨´ tr¨¬nh pha?n gia?i hydratcacbon trong ?ie¨¤u kie?n ye¨¢m kh¨ª v?¨´i s?? t¨ªch
lu?y acid lictic trong mo?i tr???ng le?n men. ?a?y la? qua¨´ tr¨¬nh oxy ho¨´a kh?? kho?ng hoa?n toa?n.
Tu?y thuo?c sa?n pha?m le?n men na?y ma? ng???i ta chia qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men lactic tha?nh hai
kie?u:
? Le?n men lactic ?o¨¤ng h¨¬nh: La? qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n menma? l???ng lactic h¨¬nh tha?nh chie¨¢m 90-
98% trong sa?n pha?m. Ca¨´c vi khua?n lactic ?o¨¤ng h¨¬nh pha?n gia?i ????ng glucoza theo qua¨´
tr¨¬nh EMP (Embden ¨C Meyerhof - Parnas) tha?nh pyruvat. Chu? ye¨¢u Pyruvat chuye?n ho¨´a
tha?nh lactat, va? ch? mo?t pha¨¤n ra¨¢t nho? ????c chuye?n ho¨´a tha?nh etanol, CO2¡
Qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men lactic ?o¨¤ng h¨¬nh go¨¤m 2 giai ?oa?n:
- Giai ?oa?n 1: Th??i k¨¬ sinh tr???ng luy? th??a cu?a vi khua?n,t?? hexose ta?o ra acid
phosphoglycerinic nh?? s?? oxy hoa¨´ phosphoglyceraldehyd ke?m theo vie?c kh?? NAD.
- Giai ?oa?n 2: Do NADH+H+
ta¨ºng,ne?n the¨¢ oxy hoa¨´ cu?a mo?i tr???ng gia?m xuo¨¢ng,da?n t?¨´i s??
nh???ng hydro t?? NADH+H+
cho acid phosphoglycerinic ?e? kh?? tha?nh acid lactic.ch? co¨´
mo?t pha¨¤n acid pyruvic tie¨¢p tu?c kh?? cacboxyl tha?nh acid acetic,ethanol,CO2 va? aceton.So¨¢
l???ng sa?n pha?m tuy? thuo?c va?o l???ng oxy trong mo?i tr???ng.Vi khua?n le?n men lactic th???ng
s?? du?ng nh??ng ????ng ??n kha¨´c nh?:glucose,galactose,levulose va? ????ng ke¨´p nh?
lactose,saccharose va? maltose.
? Le?n men lactic d¨° h¨¬nh: La? qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men ma? ngoa?i acid lactic ta?o tha?nh co?n co¨´
ha?ng loa?t sa?n pha?m kha¨´c nhau chie¨¢m ty? le? kha¨´ cao nh?: acid acetic glycerin, etanol, CO2¡
S?? d¨® nh? va?y la? v¨¬ vi khua?n lactic d¨° h¨¬nh kho?ng co¨´ enzym c? ba?n cu?a s? ?o¨¤ EMP la?
aldolaza va? triozaphosphat isomeraza ma? chu? ye¨¢u theo con ????ng HMP.D??¨´i ta¨´c du?ng cu?a
epimerase ribulose-5-phosphate bie¨¢n tha?nh Xylulose-5-phosphate.D??¨´i ta¨´c du?ng cu?a
pentophosphatcetolase Xylulose-5-phosphate bie¨¢n tha?nh phosphoglyceraldehyd va?
acetylphosphat. Acetylphosphat ????c kh?? tha?nh ethanol tho?ng qua acetaldehyd hoa?c
chuye?n mo?t pha¨¤n hay toa?n pha¨¤n acetylphosphat tha?nh acid acetic,gia?i pho¨´ng ATP.
Phosphoglyceraldehyd tho?ng qua acid pyruvic bie¨¢n tha?nh acid lactic.
D??¨´i ?a?y la? s? ?o¨¤ cu?a qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men lactic ?o¨¤ng h¨¬nh va? le?n men lactic d¨° h¨¬nh.
V?¨´i (1): Qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men lactic ?o¨¤ng h¨¬nh
(2): Qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men lactic d¨° h¨¬nh.
5. Rau Qua? Muo¨¢i Chua GVHD: Nguye?n Thuy¨´ H??ng
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(1)
LACTOZA
(2)
LACTOZA
GALACTOZAGLUCOZA GLUCOZA
ATP
ATP
ADP
ATP
ADP
ATP
ADP
GLUCOZA 6-P GLUCOZA 1-P GLUCOZA 6-P
GLUCOZA 1-P
NAD
NADH2
GLUCOZA 6-P
NAD
ADP
FRUCTOZA-16-diP
6-PHOTPHOGLCONANT
NAD
NADH2
2-KE?TO-6-PHOTPHOGLCONAN
DIYDROXI
ACETON-P
GLYCERANDEHYD-3-P RIBULOZA-5- Co2
XILULOZA-5-
ACETYL-P
ACETYL-CaA
PL
CoASH
NAD
NAD
NADH2
ACETALDEHYD
ETANLO
13-DIPHOTPHOGLYCEAT
ATP
ADP
3-DIPHOTPHOGLYCEAT
2-PHOTPOGLYCEAT
PHOTPHOENOLPYRYVAT
ATP
ADP
PYRUVAT
NAD
NADH2
LACTAT
6. Rau Qua? Muo¨¢i Chua GVHD: Nguye?n Thuy¨´ H??ng
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2. C? che¨¢ cu?a qua¨´ tr¨¬nh muo¨¢i chua rau qua?
Rau qua? muo¨¢i chua la? sa?n pha?m thuo?c nho¨´m sa?n pha?m le?n men lactic. Trong qua¨´ tr¨¬nh
le?n men na?y, cha¨¢t ????ng co¨´ sa¨¹n trong nguye?n lie?u ????c chuye?n ho¨´a tha?nh acid lactic nh??
ca¨´c vi sinh va?t lactic (mo?t so¨¢ vi khua?n va? na¨¢m men). Acid lactic va? ca¨´c sa?n pha?m kha¨´c
????c ta?o tha?nh trong qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n men la?m cho sa?n pha?m co¨´ h??ng v¨° ?a?c tr?ng. Ngoa?i ra,
acid lactic co?n co¨´ ta¨´c du?ng la?m gia?m pH cu?a sa?n pha?m, ?¨´c che¨¢ hoa?t ?o?ng cu?a nhie¨¤u loa?i vi
sinh va?t ga?y h? ho?ng. Sa?n pha?m ?a? le?n men lactic ?a¨¤y ?u? co¨´ the? s?? du?ng ?e? a¨ºn ngay,
kho?ng ca¨¤n na¨¢u n??¨´ng. ?? n??¨´c ngoa?i, rau muo¨¢i chua ????c sa?n xua¨¢t nhie¨¤u t?? d?a chuo?t, ba¨¦p
ca?i, ca? chua va? mo?t so¨¢ rau qua? kha¨´c. ?? n??¨´c ta, ca¨´c loa?i rau ????c muo¨¢i chua nhie¨¤u la? ca?i
be?, ba¨¦p ca?i, ca? pha¨´o, ha?nh cu? ¡
Qua¨´ tr¨¬nh muo¨¢i chua rau qua? go¨¤m co¨´ 3 giai ?oa?n:
- Giai ?oa?n 1: muo¨¢i a¨ºn ta?o a¨´p sua¨¢t tha?m tha¨¢u l?¨´n ne?n ????ng va? ca¨´c cha¨¢t dinh d???ng kha¨´c
co¨´ trong nguye?n lie?u khue¨¢ch ta¨´n va?o n??¨´c ta?o mo?i tr???ng thua?n l??i cho ca¨´c vi sinh va?t
lactic va? mo?t so¨¢ vi sinh va?t kha¨´c hoa?t ?o?ng. Tre?n be¨¤ ma?t n??¨´c muo¨¢i xua¨¢t hie?n nh??ng bo?t
kh¨ª, ?o¨´ la? do hoa?t ?o?ng cu?a vi khua?n coli va? mo?t so¨¢ vi sinh va?t co¨´ kha? na¨ºng sinh kh¨ª kha¨´c.
Chu?ng vi sinh va?t lactic pha¨´t trie?n chu? ye¨¢u trong th??i ky? na?y la? Leuconostoc mesenteroides.
?o¨´ la? loa?i ca¨¤u khua?n co¨´ kha? na¨ºng sinh kh¨ª va? acid lactic. pH mo?i tr???ng se? nhanh cho¨´ng
gia?m xuo¨¢ng, ca¨´c vi sinh va?t co¨´ ha?i se? b¨° ?¨´c che¨¢. Kh¨ª CO2 sinh ra la?m ta¨ºng ?ie¨¤u kie?n ye¨¢m
kh¨ª, go¨´p pha¨¤n ?¨´c che¨¢ vi sinh va?t ¡°la?¡±, ?o¨¤ng th??i nga¨ºn ca?n ????c s?? oxy ho¨´a vitamine C va?
gi?? ????c mau? sa¨¦c t?? nhie?n cu?a rau ca?i. Ngoa?i ra, s?? pha¨´t trie?n cu?a chu?ng na?y se? la?m mo?i
tr???ng bie¨¢n ?o?i, ta?o ?ie¨¤u kie?n thua?n l??i cho ca¨´c chu?ng vi sinh va?t le?n men ?? giai ?oa?n sau
pha¨´t trie?n. Khi no¨¤ng ?o? acid ( chu? ye¨¢u la? acid lactic) ?a?t 0,25 ¨C 0,3%, no¨´ se? pha¨´t trie?n
cha?m da¨¤n va? che¨¢t ?i trong khi ?o¨´ ca¨´c enzyme ma? no¨´ tie¨¢t ra va?n tie¨¢p tu?c chuye?n ho¨´a ????ng
tha?nh acid lactic.
- Giai ?oa?n 2: ca¨´c vi khua?n lactic pha¨´t trie?n ma?nh me? va? acid lactic t¨ªch tu? ????c nhie¨¤u.
pH cu?a mo?i tr???ng gia?m t?¨´i 3 ¨C 3,5 va? ?¨´c che¨¢ hoa?t ?o?ng cu?a ca¨´c vi khua?n ga?y tho¨¢i. Chu?ng
vi sinh va?t lactic pha¨´t trie?n chu? ye¨¢u trong th??i ky? na?y la? Lactobacillus cucumeris,
B.brassicae fermentati va? 1 so¨¢ chu?ng kha¨´c. ?a?y la? th??i ky? quan tro?ng cu?a qua¨´ tr¨¬nh le?n
men. Trong giai ?oa?n na?y sa?n pha?m se? t¨ªch tu? ????c l???ng acid lactic cao va? co¨´ ????c h??ng
v¨° ?a?c tr?ng. Khi no¨¤ng ?o? acid ?a?t 1,5 ¨C 2%, cu?ng v?¨´i no¨¤ng ?o? muo¨¢i cao va? nhie?t ?o? tha¨¢p,
ca¨´c chu?ng na?y se? b¨° gia?m hoa?t t¨ªnh
- Giai ?oa?n 3: mo?t so¨¢ chu?ng vi sinh va?t lactic kha¨´c (v¨ª du?:L.pentoacetius¡) se? tie¨¢p tu?c qua¨´
tr¨¬nh le?n men va? ??a no¨¤ng ?o? acid le?n 2 ¨C 2,5%. L???ng acid lactic t¨ªch lu?y cao quay la?i ?¨´c
che¨¢ hoa?t ?o?ng cu?a ch¨ªnh ca¨´c vi sinh va?t na?y. Lu¨´c na?y, 1 so¨¢ na¨¢m men va? na¨¢m mo¨¢c co¨´ kha?
na¨ºng pha?n hu?y acid lactic se? pha¨´t trie?n , la?m gia?m cha¨¢t l???ng sa?n pha?m. Do va?y, trong
th??i ky? na?y, ?e? nga¨ºn ng??a hie?n t???ng tre?n, ta co¨´ the? ba?o qua?n sa?n pha?m ?? nhie?t ?o? tha¨¢p (2
¨C 4o
C) hoa?c ba?o qua?n trong ?ie¨¤u kie?n ye¨¢m kh¨ª hay ba?o qua?n ba¨¨ng acid sorbic, natri
benzoat¡