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GROUP 3
 Aqsa Rafique
Ayesha Qayyum
Noor-us-Subah
Maria Batool
Sidra Iftikhar
Maham Zahid

BS(SOFTWARE ENGINEERING)
GROUP-2
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
FAISALABAD
1

Relational Database
Management System
(RDBMS)

Relational Database Management System
RDBMS:
• A RDBMS is a collection of
software programs for
creating, maintaining,
modifying and manipulating
a relationship.
DBMS:
• A DBMS is a collection of
programs that are used
to create and maintain a
database.
A Relational Database
Management System
(RDBMS) is a DBMS that is
based on the relational
model.

COMPONENTS
 COMPONENTS OF RDBMS
1. File Manager
2. Database Manager
3. Query Processor
4. Data Dictionary
5. DML Pre-compiler
6. DDL Compiler

Types of Relations
1.Base Tables
2. Query Results
3. Views

BASE TABLE
Reg. No Roll No Name Class
2013-ag-1411 1 Amer Palwasha BS
2013-ag-2301 2 Abdul Rafy BS
2011-ag-7369 3 Ameer Hamza MS

QUERY RESULTS
Name Class
Amer Palwasha BS
Abdul Rafy BS
SELECT Name FROM student WHERE class=‘BS’

VIEWS
Reg. No Name
2013-ag-1411 Amer Palwasha
2013-ag-2301 Abdul Rafy
2011-ag-7369 Ameer Hamza
 VIEWS

Relational Data Integrity
Data Integrity means reliability and
accuracy of data. DBMS provides several
mechanism to enforce integrity of the
data in a column.
Data integrity falls into following
categories:
Entity Integrity
Domain Integrity
Referential Integrity

CONTIUNE…
 Entity Integrity
 Entity integrity means it should be easy to
identify each entity in the database.
 An entity is any thing like an object, subject or
event represented in the database.
 Domain Integrity
 A set of values that can be stored in a column is
called a DOMAIN.
 Domain Integrity enforces restriction on the
values entered in a column.
 It specify the validity of a specific data entry in a
column.

CONTINUE…
 REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
 referential integrity preserves the defined
relationship between tables when records are
added or deleted.
 It ensures that key values are consistent
across the table.

REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
MASTER TABLE
Reg. No. Name class
2013-ag-1411 Amer Palwasha BS
2013-ag-2301 Abdul Rafy BS
2011-ag-6988 Ameer Hamza MS
CHILD TABLE
Reg. No. Subjects Marks
2013-ag-1411 DBMS 82
2013-ag-1411 OOP 77
2013-ag-2301 DBMS 91
2013-ag-2301 OOP 88
2011-ag-6988 DBMS 78
201-ag-6988 OOP 80

DATABASE LANGUAGES
 Data Definition Language (DDL)
 Data Manipulation Language (DML)
These languages are called data sub-languages.
Many DBMSs provide the facility to embed the
sub-language in a high level programming
Language like C++, Java and Visual Basic etc.
In this situation, the high level language is called
HOST language.

DDL
Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used
to define the database structure or schema.
Some examples:
• CREATE - to create objects in the database
• ALTER - alters the structure of the database
• DROP - delete objects from the database
• TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table
including all spaces allocated for the records are
removed
• COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
• RENAME - rename an object

DML
Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are
used for managing data within schema objects.
Some examples:
• SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
• INSERT - insert data into a table
• UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
• DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space
for the records remain
• MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)
• CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
• EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
• LOCK TABLE - control concurrency

PROPERTIES
 Atomic Values in Fields
 Entries From Same Domain
 Unique Tuples
 Unique Attribute Name
 Insignificant Attribute
Sequence
 Insignificant Tuple Sequence

ADVANTAGES OF RDBMS
 Increases the sharing of data and faster
development of new applications
 Support a simple data structure, namely tables or
relations
 Limit redundancy or replication of data
 Provide physical data independence so users do not
have to be aware of underlying objects
 Expandability is relatively easy to achieve by adding
new views of the data as they are required.
 Better backup and recovery procedures
 Solves many problems created by other data models
 The ability to handle efficiently simple data types
 Multiple users can access which is not possible

DISADVANTAGES OF RDBMS
Software is complex
Complex software means expensive
hardware
Requires skilled knowledge to implement
Certain applications are slower processing
More difficult to recover if data is lost
Difficult to represent complex data types

Edgar Frank Ted Codd
E.F.Codd was an English
Computer scientist who while
working for IBM,
Invented the
relational model
for DBMS.

Codd’s Rule
 Rule 1: The Information Rule
 Rule 2: the Guaranteed Access Rule
 Rule 3: Systematic Treatment of NULL values
 Rule 4: Active online catalog Base don the
Relational Model
 Rule 5: Comprehensive Data Sub-language
Rule
Rule 6: View Updating Rule

CONTINUE…
 Rule 7: High Level Insert, Update and
Delete
 Rule 8: Physical Data Independence Rule
 RULE 9:Logical Data Independence Rule
 Rule 10: Integrity Independence Rule
 Rule 11: Distribution Independence Rule
 Non-Subversion Rule

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RDBMS

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