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Realisim (class lect)

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Sana Horani
Sana Horani

The Realist Era of the 1850s emphasized using scientific observation and focusing on ordinary subjects and scenes from everyday life over idealized representations. Realist artists like Courbet, Millet, and Daumier painted scenes of rural peasants and the working class to tell the truth about contemporary subjects and society. In America, Eakins and Homer captured scenes of rural life and the effects of the Civil War through their realistic painting styles. Photography also emerged as an important new method of realistically documenting the times.

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Realism
The Realist Era Typically associated with the 1850s Scientific method is used rather than accept dogma Develops the Age of Reason Industrial Revolution takes shape as factories produce goods cheaper and faster Migration from rural areas into cities (urbanization), economies change from agrarian to industrial Major inventions are the train and photography
What is Realism? Enlightenment put focus on scientific method and observation Empiricism knowledge based on what can be measured and directly experienced What can actually be seen/experienced in the world Realists only painted subjects they themselves could experience (personal experience)
Realism context: cultural role of artist: no longer to simply reveal beautiful & sublime aimed to tell the truth not beholden to higher, idealized reality (i.e., God) subjects: ordinary events and objects working class & broad panorama of society psychological motivation of characters
Famous Realist Artists Gustave Courbet, 1819-1877 Honore Daumier, 1808-1879 Jean-Francois Millet Thomas Eakins Rembrandt van Rijn Th辿odore Rousseau Edward Hopper Winslow Homer, 1836-1910
style: self-educated; copied Spanish, Dutch & Venetian masters @ Louvre fight against official art (salon REJECT) man behind the term Realism. Painted subjects that were considered vulgar, such as the rural peasantry and the working conditions of the poor Believed that the only possible source for a living art is the artists own experience (not any attempt to portray the past or future)Depicted the harshness in life and challenged contemporary academic ideas of art The background was that Courbet was painting in reaction to the dominant Romanticism and Neoclassical schools of the time. artist's mission was the pursuit of truth, which would help erase social contradictions and imbalances. subjects: Show me an angel, and Ill paint one Realism in France: Gustave Courbet1819-1877 The Wounded Man, 1844- 1854
7 GUSTAVE COURBET, Burial at Ornans, 1849. Huge scale = monumental, but not glorified. Earth tones, everyday people. S curve composition. Unflattering pics of provincial officials, dog and people are distracted the painting has been referred to as, The Burial of Romanticism
Courbet: The Meeting (1854)
9 GUSTAVE COURBET, The Stone Breakers, 1849. Subject = average workers painted life sized (painting 53 by 86) Heavy impasto (against academic tradition) No emphasis on Romantic feeling Notice contrast in age of workers too old and too young
the awful side of his life on the left side of him and the good side of his life on the right side of him. The left side represents challenge and opposition (figures like beggars and prostitutes) while the right represents friends and admirers. The painting exhibits a heightened reality that makes it almost dreamlike, with figures that are both real and symbolic. it is so original and unique in its blending of the allegorical and the actual so that the difference is almost impossible to distinguish The Painters Studio
Realisim (class lect)
Seems to have been influenced by the working man, or women. Sets his painting as in the mitts of an action, a simple one, however it is like a photograph taken as each person was in the middle of an action. Seems to have used much oil paint. he can be categorized as part of the movements of Realism and Naturalism Used texture as well as shading and tones to create a more realistic look. Jean Francois Millet (1814 January 20, 1875)
13JEAN-FRANOIS MILLET, The Gleaners, 1857.
Potato Planters
Man With a Hoe
Realisim (class lect)
Honore Daumier, 1808-1879 French caricaturist, painter, sculptor and printmaker Imprisoned for his political cartoons against royalist government; made 500 paintings, 4000 lithographs, 1000 wood engravings, 1000 drawings and 100 sculptures Known during his life as political and social satirist After his death, paintings more recognized
18 HONOR DAUMIER, Rue Transnonain, 1834. Soldiers killed everyone in a workers apt. complex Illustrates 3 generations murdered in surprise attack Lithograph (print) used to mass produce image French government tried to suppress Rue Transomonain,
19 HONOR DAUMIER, Third-Class Carriage, ca. 1862. Influence of William Hogarth was jailed for satirizing king political cartoon Dignity of working class, even though crammed together in mass transportation 1st piece showing dehumanizing mass transport
Realisim (class lect)
Daumier: The Uprising, 1860
Edouard Manet, 1832-1883 Early paintings accepted by Academy until 1863: Salon de Refuses Not a radical artist; horrified by war. Protest paintings mixed with scenes of daily life. By 1874, leader of avant garde (Impressionists) Work has a snapshot quality with optical contradictions
23 DOUARD MANET, Olympia, 1863.
Realisim (class lect)
25 DOUARD MANET, Le D辿jeuner sur lHerbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1863.
The Balcony, 1868-1869 The Bar at the Folies Bergere (1882)
American Realism Thomas Eakins, 1844-1916 Winslow Homer, 1836-1910
American Realism- Eakins the Anatomist Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) teacher: Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts taught anatomy to medical students & figure drawing to art students disapproved of academic technique of drawing from plaster casts used nude model allowed female students to study male nude Critics called him a butcher and degrading
29 THOMAS EAKINS, The Gross Clinic, 1875.
The Bathers (1858)
Realisim (class lect)
Eakins vs. Rembrandt
Realisim (class lect)
Thomas Eakins (British), Max Schmidt in a Single Scull
Winslow Homer, 1836-1910 Began his career as freelance illustrator 1857.Largely self-taught Scenes of life behind the lines a sharp contrast to grim photographs of Civil War Visited France; returned to paint rural scenes 1881-1882 stay in fishing village transformed his paintings was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects
Lifeline 1844
The Gulf Stream 1899
Reaction: Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Not everyone was enjoying the world produced by industrialization In England, Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood departed from subject matter of French Realists Tired of classical themes, focused on medieval stories and spirituality
39 DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI, Beata Beatrix, ca. 1863. Dante Gabriel Rosetti was the leader of an art movement called the Pre-Raphaelites. This style might be considered a variant of Romanticism, for it favors subjects of mythological and literary subjects. They preferred symbolic representations with a certain poetic appeal
40 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS, Ophelia. John Everett Millais, a British artist, has a realistic style, but the subjects are often of a somewhat romantic nature. For example, Ophelia (1851-52) has a literary reference to a play by Shakespeare, since she was Hamlet's girlfriend who commits suicide. This painting of her dead body floating down a brook, is both beautiful and haunting
Realisim (class lect)
42 EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE, Horse Galloping, 1878. Pioneers of Motion Photography One of the greatest pioneers of motion photography was Eadweard Muybridge . Muybridge's main claim to fame was his exhaustive study of movement of both animals and humans. The story goes that an owner of race horses bet a friend that when a horse gallops all four feet are, at one point, off the ground simultaneously. Using twenty four cameras, Muybridge was able to photograph a horse galloping, each triggered off by the breaking of a trip-wire on the course. In the 2nd and 3rd frame of the photograph, you can see that the horse-owner was right
Photography As A Document of the Times Child in spinning mill 1908 boy in glass factory 1908 Lewis Hine was hired to research child labor in the early 20th century, when the practice was common. His photographs of children working in factories, on railroads, and other dangerous working environments brought greater awareness to this problem. Soon after his photographs were published, child labor laws went into effect. Child in Spinning Mill 1908 Boy in Glass Factory 1908
Symbolism A loosely organized movement that flourished in the late 1800s and was closely related to the Symbolist movement in literature. In reaction against both Realism and Impressionism, Symbolist painters stressed art's subjective, symbolic, and decorative functions and turned to the mystical and occult in an attempt to evoke subjective states of mind by visual means.

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Realisim (class lect)

  • 2. The Realist Era Typically associated with the 1850s Scientific method is used rather than accept dogma Develops the Age of Reason Industrial Revolution takes shape as factories produce goods cheaper and faster Migration from rural areas into cities (urbanization), economies change from agrarian to industrial Major inventions are the train and photography
  • 3. What is Realism? Enlightenment put focus on scientific method and observation Empiricism knowledge based on what can be measured and directly experienced What can actually be seen/experienced in the world Realists only painted subjects they themselves could experience (personal experience)
  • 4. Realism context: cultural role of artist: no longer to simply reveal beautiful & sublime aimed to tell the truth not beholden to higher, idealized reality (i.e., God) subjects: ordinary events and objects working class & broad panorama of society psychological motivation of characters
  • 5. Famous Realist Artists Gustave Courbet, 1819-1877 Honore Daumier, 1808-1879 Jean-Francois Millet Thomas Eakins Rembrandt van Rijn Th辿odore Rousseau Edward Hopper Winslow Homer, 1836-1910
  • 6. style: self-educated; copied Spanish, Dutch & Venetian masters @ Louvre fight against official art (salon REJECT) man behind the term Realism. Painted subjects that were considered vulgar, such as the rural peasantry and the working conditions of the poor Believed that the only possible source for a living art is the artists own experience (not any attempt to portray the past or future)Depicted the harshness in life and challenged contemporary academic ideas of art The background was that Courbet was painting in reaction to the dominant Romanticism and Neoclassical schools of the time. artist's mission was the pursuit of truth, which would help erase social contradictions and imbalances. subjects: Show me an angel, and Ill paint one Realism in France: Gustave Courbet1819-1877 The Wounded Man, 1844- 1854
  • 7. 7 GUSTAVE COURBET, Burial at Ornans, 1849. Huge scale = monumental, but not glorified. Earth tones, everyday people. S curve composition. Unflattering pics of provincial officials, dog and people are distracted the painting has been referred to as, The Burial of Romanticism
  • 9. 9 GUSTAVE COURBET, The Stone Breakers, 1849. Subject = average workers painted life sized (painting 53 by 86) Heavy impasto (against academic tradition) No emphasis on Romantic feeling Notice contrast in age of workers too old and too young
  • 10. the awful side of his life on the left side of him and the good side of his life on the right side of him. The left side represents challenge and opposition (figures like beggars and prostitutes) while the right represents friends and admirers. The painting exhibits a heightened reality that makes it almost dreamlike, with figures that are both real and symbolic. it is so original and unique in its blending of the allegorical and the actual so that the difference is almost impossible to distinguish The Painters Studio
  • 12. Seems to have been influenced by the working man, or women. Sets his painting as in the mitts of an action, a simple one, however it is like a photograph taken as each person was in the middle of an action. Seems to have used much oil paint. he can be categorized as part of the movements of Realism and Naturalism Used texture as well as shading and tones to create a more realistic look. Jean Francois Millet (1814 January 20, 1875)
  • 13. 13JEAN-FRANOIS MILLET, The Gleaners, 1857.
  • 15. Man With a Hoe
  • 17. Honore Daumier, 1808-1879 French caricaturist, painter, sculptor and printmaker Imprisoned for his political cartoons against royalist government; made 500 paintings, 4000 lithographs, 1000 wood engravings, 1000 drawings and 100 sculptures Known during his life as political and social satirist After his death, paintings more recognized
  • 18. 18 HONOR DAUMIER, Rue Transnonain, 1834. Soldiers killed everyone in a workers apt. complex Illustrates 3 generations murdered in surprise attack Lithograph (print) used to mass produce image French government tried to suppress Rue Transomonain,
  • 19. 19 HONOR DAUMIER, Third-Class Carriage, ca. 1862. Influence of William Hogarth was jailed for satirizing king political cartoon Dignity of working class, even though crammed together in mass transportation 1st piece showing dehumanizing mass transport
  • 22. Edouard Manet, 1832-1883 Early paintings accepted by Academy until 1863: Salon de Refuses Not a radical artist; horrified by war. Protest paintings mixed with scenes of daily life. By 1874, leader of avant garde (Impressionists) Work has a snapshot quality with optical contradictions
  • 25. 25 DOUARD MANET, Le D辿jeuner sur lHerbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1863.
  • 26. The Balcony, 1868-1869 The Bar at the Folies Bergere (1882)
  • 27. American Realism Thomas Eakins, 1844-1916 Winslow Homer, 1836-1910
  • 28. American Realism- Eakins the Anatomist Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) teacher: Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts taught anatomy to medical students & figure drawing to art students disapproved of academic technique of drawing from plaster casts used nude model allowed female students to study male nude Critics called him a butcher and degrading
  • 29. 29 THOMAS EAKINS, The Gross Clinic, 1875.
  • 34. Thomas Eakins (British), Max Schmidt in a Single Scull
  • 35. Winslow Homer, 1836-1910 Began his career as freelance illustrator 1857.Largely self-taught Scenes of life behind the lines a sharp contrast to grim photographs of Civil War Visited France; returned to paint rural scenes 1881-1882 stay in fishing village transformed his paintings was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects
  • 38. Reaction: Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Not everyone was enjoying the world produced by industrialization In England, Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood departed from subject matter of French Realists Tired of classical themes, focused on medieval stories and spirituality
  • 39. 39 DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI, Beata Beatrix, ca. 1863. Dante Gabriel Rosetti was the leader of an art movement called the Pre-Raphaelites. This style might be considered a variant of Romanticism, for it favors subjects of mythological and literary subjects. They preferred symbolic representations with a certain poetic appeal
  • 40. 40 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS, Ophelia. John Everett Millais, a British artist, has a realistic style, but the subjects are often of a somewhat romantic nature. For example, Ophelia (1851-52) has a literary reference to a play by Shakespeare, since she was Hamlet's girlfriend who commits suicide. This painting of her dead body floating down a brook, is both beautiful and haunting
  • 42. 42 EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE, Horse Galloping, 1878. Pioneers of Motion Photography One of the greatest pioneers of motion photography was Eadweard Muybridge . Muybridge's main claim to fame was his exhaustive study of movement of both animals and humans. The story goes that an owner of race horses bet a friend that when a horse gallops all four feet are, at one point, off the ground simultaneously. Using twenty four cameras, Muybridge was able to photograph a horse galloping, each triggered off by the breaking of a trip-wire on the course. In the 2nd and 3rd frame of the photograph, you can see that the horse-owner was right
  • 43. Photography As A Document of the Times Child in spinning mill 1908 boy in glass factory 1908 Lewis Hine was hired to research child labor in the early 20th century, when the practice was common. His photographs of children working in factories, on railroads, and other dangerous working environments brought greater awareness to this problem. Soon after his photographs were published, child labor laws went into effect. Child in Spinning Mill 1908 Boy in Glass Factory 1908
  • 44. Symbolism A loosely organized movement that flourished in the late 1800s and was closely related to the Symbolist movement in literature. In reaction against both Realism and Impressionism, Symbolist painters stressed art's subjective, symbolic, and decorative functions and turned to the mystical and occult in an attempt to evoke subjective states of mind by visual means.