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Realization 2nd final
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爨萎Ω爨鉦爨 爭爭 爨爨む爨萎 爨爨爭爨о鉦Μ爨爨爭爨迦 爨爭爨萎Χ爭爨爭爨む爨むΠ
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Realization 2nd final
1.
爨萎Ω爨鉦爨 爭爭 爨 爨爨爭爨о鉦Μ爨爨爭爨迦
爭 爨 爨 爭оΞ 爨爨о鉦爨 爨爨逗Π爭爨爨 爨萎Ω爨鉦爨 ck-1. ev e M即vmi Pvc Av`k息 M即vmi Pvc Ac其v Kg Kb? Di: M即vmi MZxqZ臓 h mg 俗^xKvh息i Dci cwZw担Z, Zvi ga即 Ab即Zg njv, M即vmi AYymg~n mijiwLK c_ BZ Z fve m`v mibkxj| AYy存jv ci俗炭ii m‖ Ges cv|i `Iqvji m‖ AweiZ av属v Lvq| M即vm AYy存jvi cv|i `Iqvj AweiZ av属vi dj M即vmi Pvc mw坦 nq| Av`k息 M即vmi AYymg~ni ga即 Kvbv AvKl息Y ev weKl息Y ej bB| Ze, ev e M即vmi AYymg~ni GB mg ej we`即gvb| G KviY, Av`k息 Ae俗vq AvKl息Ygy続 AYy存jvi `Iqvj h cwigvY av属v `Iqvi K_v, Zv ev e M即vmi AYy w`Z cvi bv| dj ev e M即vmi Pvc Av`k息 M即vmi Pvc Ac其v Kg nq| ck-爭. Kvbv bgybvq BOD Ac其v COD Gi gvb ewk nq Kb? Di: Kvb bgybvq COD Gi gvb BOD _K ewk nq| Kbbv COD cw袖qvq RviYhvM即 mKj cKvi 爨爨鉦爭爨鉦逗Α爨 爭爨÷Μ爨 I 爨爨-爨爨鉦爭爨鉦逗Α爨 爭爨÷Μ爨 c`v_息 RvwiZ nq| Gi dj Aw揃Rbi e即envi ewk nq| wK邸 BOD cw袖qvq Kejgv Rxe fvObhvM即 c`v_息mg~n RvwiZ nq| ck-爭. H2O GKwU Dfag息x c`v_息 e即vL即v Kiv| Di: cvwb 其vii mv_ wew袖qv Kivi mgq 其viK cvUb `vb Ki| myZivs GwU GwmW| NH3 + H2O = NH4 + + OH Avevi, cvwb GwmWi mv_ wew袖qv Kivi mgq cvUb MnY Ki| myZivs GwU 其vi| HCl + H2O = H3O+ + Cl AZGe GwmW I 其vi Dfqi mv_ w袖qv Kivq cvwb GKwU Dfagx息 c`v_息| ck-爭. NH3 Ges HCl Gi ga即 KvbwUi e即vcb nvi ewk? e即vL即v Kiv| Di: NH3 Gi e即vcb nvi HCl Gi e即vcb nvi Ac其v ewk| Avgiv Rvwb, h M即vmi NbZ臓 hZ ewk, Zv ZZ axi Qovq A_息vr e即vcbi nvi ZZ Kg| NH3 Gi AvYweK fi 17 hv HCl Gi AvYweK fi 36.5 Ac其v Kg| G _K evSv hvq NH3 Gi NbZ臓 HCl Gi NbZ臓 Ac其v Kg| h M即vmi NbZ臓 hZ Kg m M即vmi e即vcb nvi ZZ ewk nq| ZvB ejv hvq h, NH3 Gi e即vcb nvi HCl Gi e即vcb nvi Ac其v ewk| -爭. 爨爨爭爨 爭 爨 爨 爨鉦Π爨 爨爨迦爨 爨逗 爨爭爨? 爨 爨萎 爨鉦爨爭爭 爨爨むΜ爨鉦Ζ 爨爨爭爨伍鉦爨 爨 爨伍爨 爨萎鉦Ω爨鉦爨逗Θ爨 爨 爨 爨鉦爨 爨爨鉦Θ 爨爭爨 爨む鉦Π爨 爨 爨踶爨 爨 爨伍爨 爨萎鉦Ω爨鉦爨逗Θ爨 爨 爨 爨鉦爨 爨項Θ 爨爭爨 爨む鉦Π爨 爨鉦Π爨 爛 爨踶爨 爨鉦爨 爨爨鉦Θ爨爨鉦Π爭 爨鉦爨 爨爨鉦Θ 爨爭爨 爨鉦爨 爨逗項Δ爨 爨踶爨 爨鉦爨 爨項Θ爨爨鉦Π爭 爨爨鉦Δ爨鉦爨 爨爨 爨逗Π爨 爨項爛 爨踷爨 爨爭爨 爨爭 爨 爨 爨鉦Π爨 爨爭爨 爨項 爨爨鉦爨爨 爨 爨爭爭爨爨 爨 - 爨鉦Π爭爨爨 爨爨爭爨 爭 爨爭爨迦イ 爨踷 爭 爨爨む 爨 爨 爭爨 爨爭爭爨爨 爨鉦Π爭爨爨 爨爨爭爨 爭 爨 爨踶爨 爨爨む 爨 爨鉦Π 爭爨 爨爭爭爨爨 爨爭 爨 爨爨爭爨 爭 爨鉦Π爨 爨爭爨迦イ 爨爨爨, NH3 + HCl NH4 + + Cl- 爨鉦Π爨-爭 爨 -爭 爨 -爭 爨鉦Π爨-爭 爨爨鉦逗爨 爨 爨鉦Π
2.
-爭.爨爭爨爨鉦Θ 爨 爨逗爨爨鉦爨
爭 爨項? 爨 爨萎 爨伍爭爨爨 爨爭爨迦鉦Π 爨爨逗Δ 爨 爨逗Θ 爨萎 爨 爨爨鉦爨 爨爭爨爨鉦Θ 爨 爭 爨項爛 爨爨逗Δ 爨 爨逗Θ 爨萎 爨 爨爨鉦爨 爨ム爨 爨逗Ω爨踶爨逗Ω 爨爭 爨 爨 爨鉦逗Α爨 爨鉦Σ 爨爭爨 爨項爛 爨 爨 爨鉦逗Α爨 爨鉦Σ 爨逗Θ爭 爨 爨爨爨鉦爭 爨爭爨爨鉦Θ 爨 爭 爨爭爨萎 223 23 OClOOClO OClOOCl ClClC uv 常常 常常 件 爭爭 爨爨 爨鉦爨 爨爨 爨萎Ω爨鉦爨 ck-1. C3H6O UUvgvwiRg ag息 c`k息b Ki e即vL即v Kiv| Di: GKB AvYweK msKZi `ywU hMi cvi俗炭wiK cwieZ息bi gva即g GKwU MwZkxj mvg即ve俗vi mw坦 nj ZvK UUvgvwiRg Ges hM `ywUi GKwUK AciwUi UUvgvi ej| A即vwmUvb (C3H6O)K mvaviYZ wKUvb wnmve wjLv njI CH3 Gi GKwU cvUb (H+ ) Kve息wbj g~jKi Aw揃Rb cigvYyZ 俗vbv wiZ nq Kve息b Kve息b (C = C) web MVb Ki| GwU GKwU Pjgvb cvi俗炭wiK cw袖qv| OH CH3-CO-CH3 CH3-C=CH2 ck-爭. B_vBb A ag息x Kb? Di: B_vBb (HC CH) A ag息x | Gi KviY B_vBb AYyi C cigvYy sp msKwiZ| G msKi AiweUvj 's' Gi AbycvZ (1 : 1)| 其z`捉vKwZ s AiweUvj Gi AbycvZ Zzjbvg~jKfve ewk nIqvq B_vBb C H ebi kqviKZ BjKU捉b hyMj C cigvYyi wbDwK測qvmi AwaKZi KvQ `pfve hy続 _vK| ZvB `~i Aew俗Z H cigvYywUi euvab wkw_j nq hvq Ges GwU f‖ H+ Avqb wnme mnR wePz即Z nq| GRb即B B_vBb A ag息x nq爛 ck-爭. A即vjKvnj cvwbZ `捉eYxq Kb? Di: A即vjKvnj cvwbZ `捉exfZ nq| KviY A即vjKvnji AYyi KvVvgv nZ `Lv hvq h, Gi AYyZ OH g~jK eZ息gvb| OH g~jKi H cigvYy cvwbi O cigvYyi mv_ mnRB H eb MVb Ki| Hebi KviY m坦 AvKl息Y ej A即vjKvnji AYy存jvK cvwbZ `捉exfZ KiZ g~L即 fwgKv cvjb Ki| ck-爭. wcwiwWb GKwU A即vivgwUK hM e即vL即v Kiv| Di: nvKj bxwZ Abymvi wcwiwWb GKwU A即vivgwUK hM KviY wcwiwWb AYyZ mvibkxj 6wU -BjKU捉b we`即gvb Ges 6 GKwU nvKj msL即v| nvKj msL即v (4n + 2) G n = 1 emvj Gi gvb 6 cvIqv hvq| ZvB ejv hvq wcwiwWb GKwU A即vivgwUK hM| ck-爭. diwgK GwmW GKwU weRviK- e即vL即v Ki| Di: AvYweK MVb A即vjwWnvBW g~jK _vKvq diwgK GwmW (HCOOH) g`y weRviKic g`y RviKK weRvwiZ Ki Ges wbR RvwiZ nq CO2 M即vm I H2O MVb Ki| H COOH + [O] CO2 (g) + H2O(l) ZvB g`y weRviKic HCOOH h Kvb A即vjwWnvBWi gZvB dnwjs `捉eYK weRvwiZ Ki Cu2O Gi jvjP Aat‖c Zwi Ki| H COOH(l) + 2Cu(OH)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) 常 Cu2O (s) + NaCO3 (aq) + 4H2O jvj ZvB HCOOH GKwU weRviK
3.
-爭. 爨爨爨逗爨 爨
爨 爨鉦爨萎鉦爨 爨 爨爨迦 爨項 爨爨? 爨 爨萎 爨爨爨逗爨 爨 爨鉦爨鉦Π, 爨踶爨 爨 爨 爨 爨 爨逗Μ爨逗Χ 爨踶爨 爨踷爨 爨項鉦爨爨 爨爭爨逗Δ 爨爨爭爨爨鉦爭 4n+2 爨伍爨 爨 爨爨鉦 爨爭爨迦 爨 爨萎爭爭爨爛む踶 爨爨鉦 爨爭爨迦 爭爨爨 爨伍爨 爨 爭 爨爨爨鉦爨 n 爨踶 爨爨鉦Θ 1 爨爨鉦爭爨 爨爨鉦爛む踶爨 爨爨爨逗爨 爨 爨 爨鉦爨萎鉦爨 爨 爨爨迦 爨項爛 -爭. CH3NH2 爨爭爨 爨 C6H5NH2 爨爭爨爨 爨鉦Π爨 爨爨? 爨 爨萎 爨 爨鉦Ξ爨鉦爭爨爨 爨爭爨迦爨爨 爨爨鉦爭 爨鉦爨爨 爨爨萎Ξ爨鉦Θ爭爭爨 爨踶爭爨爨鉦爨 爨爭 爨爭爨迦 爨 爨ム鉦爨鉦 爨爨項 爨鉦爨 爨項Θ 爨爨萎爨 爨 爨 爨む鉦 爨 爨鉦逗Σ爭爨 爨 爨 爨 爨鉦爨萎鉦爨 爨 爨 爨鉦逗Ξ爨 爨爨爭爨 爨鉦Π爨оΞ 爛むΔ爭爨 爨 爨鉦逗Σ爭爨 爨 爨 爨鉦逗Ξ爭爨 爨 爨鉦Σ爨爨鉦爨 爨爭爨迦 爨ム鉦爨鉦 爨爨項鉦Π 爨爨鉦爭 爨鉦爨爭爨爨 爨爭爨迦 爨 爨爨 爨爭爭 爨爨鉦爛 爨爨爨 爨逗Ζ爭爨 爨 爨鉦爨萎鉦爨 爨 爨 爨鉦逗Ξ爭爨 爨逗Λ爨爨鉦爨 爨 爨ム鉦爨鉦 爨爨鉦爭 爨鉦爨爭爨爨 爨爭爨迦 爨 爨爭 爨 爨逗Ζ爭爨 爨о鉦逗Μ爨 爨項爛 爨踷爨 爨 爨鉦爨萎鉦爨 爨 爨 爨鉦逗Ξ爭爨爨 爨爨鉦爭 爨鉦爨爭爨爨 爨爭爨迦 爨 爨爨 爨爭爨 爨爨鉦爛 爨踶 爨爨鉦Π爭爨 CH3NH2 爨爭爨 爨 C6H5NH2 爨踶 爨鉦爨 爨項爨爨 爨 爨爨む 爨爨爛むΛ爭爨 CH3NH2 爨爭爨 爨 C6H5NH2 爨爭爨爨 爨鉦Π爨爛 爭爭 爨爨 爨鉦爨 爨爨逗Π爨爨鉦Θ爨爨 爨萎Ω爨鉦爨 ck-1. gvjvi `捉eY Zvcgvv wbf息ikxj Kb? e即vL即v Kiv| Di: w俗i Zvcgvvq 1L `捉eY `捉exfZ `捉ei Mvg AvYweK fi ev gvj msL即vK `捉eYi gvjvi Nbgvv ev gvjvwiwU ej| Zvcgvv cwieZ息bi m‖ `捉eYi AvqZb cwiwewZ息Z nq, ZvB AvqZbwfwK `捉eYi GKK gvjvi `捉eY cwiewZ息Z nq| ZvB, gvjvi `捉eY Zvcgvv wbf息ikxj| -爭. 爨÷逗Ω爭爨爨鉦Σ爨鉦Π 爨爨 爨踶 爨爨鉦Θ 爨爨-爨 爨鉦 爨 爨爨萎イ 爨 爨萎 爨 爨爭爨爨 爨爨爨爨 爨 爨 爨 爨爨 爨鉦 爨爨鉦Θ爨 爨ム鉦爨 爨む鉦爨 爨爨鉦Θ 爨爨 爨爭爨 爛 爨爨爨萎逗Ζ爭爨 爨 爨爭爨爨 爨爨爨爨 爨 0.1 M 爨む鉦爨 爨÷逗Ω爭爨爨鉦Σ爨鉦Π 爨爨 爨爭爨迦イ 爨伍爨むΠ爨鉦 爨÷逗Ω爭爨爨鉦Σ爨鉦Π 爨爭爨爨 爨爨爨爨 爨 爨爭爨項Δ爭 爨爨鉦Θ爨 爨伍爨項Δ爭 爨÷逗Ω爭爨爨鉦Σ爨鉦Π 爨爨爭爨 爨爨鉦Θ 爨爨 爨爨迦 爨項爛 -爭. Fe2+ 爨爨鉦Π爨 爨 爨逗Μ爨爨鉦Π爨 爨爨爭 爨爨爨萎Γ 爨爭爨 爨爨? 爨 爨萎 Fe2+ 爨踶爨鉦Η爨鉦爨 爨爭爨迦 爨 爨項Θ 爨 爨 爨鉦 爨爨爭爨 爨爨萎爨 爨 爨爛 爨踶爨 爨 爨爨鉦Π爨 爨 爨逗Μ爨爨鉦Π爨 爨爨爭 爨爨爨萎Γ 爨爭爨萎イ 爨爨爨爨 爨爨鉦Π爨 爨逗項Ω爨鉦爨爨 FeeFe 22 (爨逗Μ爨爨鉦Π爨) 爨逗Μ爨爨鉦Π爨 爨逗項Ω爨鉦爨爨 eFeFe 132 (爨爨鉦Π爨) 爭爨 爨爨 爨鉦爨 爨む逗爭 爨萎Ω爨鉦爨 ck-爭. mqx e即vUvwi PvwR息ZKiYi c~e息 cvwb e即envi Kiv nq Kb? Di: mqx e即vUvwi PvwR息ZKiYi c~e息 cvwb hvM Kiv nq| KviY e即vUvwi hLb we`y即r M俗 nq ZLb H2SO4 wgwkZ cvwb wewk坦 nq H2 Ges O2 M即vm cwiYZ nq| dj cvwbi cwigvY KgZ _vK| Avevi 俗^Zt ev速炭xfebi gva即gI wKQy cvwb ev速炭vKvi wbM息Z nq| ZvB e即vUvwiZ gvS gvS cvwb hvM Ki H2SO4 `捉eYi Nbgvv 1.2 Z w俗i ivLv nq|
4.
ck-爭. Kvl jeY
mZzi fwgKv e即vL即v Kiv| Di: Kvl jeY mZzi fwgKv: i. Dfq Aa息Kvl msNwUZ RviY-weRviY w袖qvi fvimvg即 i其v Ki| ii. Dfq Aa息Kvli Ziji ga即 e`y即wZK wbic其Zv eRvq ivL| iii. Dfq Aa息Kvli ga即 mshvM i其v Ki| ck-爭. nvBW捉vRb ZworviK gyL即 wb`息kK Zworvi ejv nq Kb? Di: cgvY nvBW捉vRb Zworvi wefei gvbK BQvKZfve, me息m造則wZ袖g k~b即 aiv nqQ| cgvY nvBW捉vRb Zworvii wefe Rvbv _vKvq Gi mv_ Aci Kvbv cix其Yxq Zworvi mshvM Ki 1wU ivmvqwbK Kvl MVb Kiv nq Ges nvBW捉vRb Zworvii Rvbv wefei mvc‖ cix其Yxq ZworviwUi wefe wbY息q Kiv nq| GRb即 nvBW捉vRb ZworviK g~L即 wb`息kK Zworvi ej| -爭. 爨爨鉦Θ 爨項鉦爭 爨鉦爨爨 爨む逗爭 爨鉦Π 爨逗Μ爨爨 爨謹爨 爨оΠ爨 爨項 爨爨? 爨 爨萎 爨爨鉦Θ 爨む鉦Κ爨爨 爨鉦 爨項鉦爭 爨鉦爨爨 爨 爨鉦Ω 爨む逗爭 爨鉦Π 爨項爨 爨 爨逗Μ爨爨 爨爨鉦爭爨 爨爨鉦 爨む 爨爨 爨爨爨 爨爨鉦爨 爨 爨鉦 爨爨萎 爨項爨 爨爨鉦Ψ 爨逗Μ爨爭爨爨 爨むΞ爨 爨爨鉦Θ 爨む鉦Π爨むΞ 爨項爨爨 爨む鉦 爨爨爨爨鉦Π 爨伍爨逗Μ爨о鉦Π 爨爨 爨伍Μ爨 爨むΝ爨鉦爨 爨爨鉦Γ 爨項鉦爭 爨鉦爨爨 爨む逗爭 爨鉦Π 爨逗Μ爨爨 爨 爨оΠ爨 爨項爛 爨踶 爨爨爨 爨逗Θ 爨, Pt,H2/H+ (1.0M) E0 =0.0V 爭爨 爨爨 爨鉦爨 爨爨ム爨爨逗Δ爨 爨萎Ω爨鉦爨 ck-爭. wmgU ZwiZ wRcmvg e即envi Kiv nq Kb? Di: wRcmvg (CaSO4.2H2O) Gi Dcw俗wZZ wmg≠Ui RgvU euvavi cw袖qv axiMwZZ NU| KviY, wRcmvg U捉vBK即vjwmqvg A即vjywgbU-Gi mv_ wew袖qv Ki A`捉eYxq K即vjwmqvg mvjdv A即vjywgbU Drcb Ki| Gi dj 爨 RgvU euvaZ mvnvh即 Ki Gic U捉vBK即vjwmqvg A即vjywgbU `捉exfZ nq| h KviY wmgU 爨 RgvU euvaZ cvi bv| 3 CaO.Al2O3 + 3(CaSO4.2H2O) + 2H2O 3CaO. Al2O3.3CaSO4.2H2O + 6H2O Ze Gi cfve wmg≠Ui m造炭~Y息ic RgvU euvaZ h_坦 cwigvY cvwbi Dcw俗wZZ KqK mvn jvMjI Drcb KwVb c`v_息i `pZv I kw続i ew NU| hvi dj wmgU GZ k続 I `xN息俗vqx nq| -爭. 爨爨鉦Ξ爭爨 爨 爭爨鉦爨鉦Δ爨爨萎爨 爨爨鉦Ζ 爨迦Μ爨 爨 爨爨項鉦Π 爨爨萎 爨項 爨爨? 爨 爨萎 爨爨鉦爨爨 爨爨鉦Ξ爭爨鉦爨 爨 爨鉦逗Θ爨 爨踶 爨爨 爨 爨爨萎鉦Π 爨爨 爨逗爨爨逗Π爨 爨爨萎 爨項爛 爨踶 爨爨鉦爨 NaCl 爨 爨爨項鉦Π 爨爨萎 爨項爛 爨 爨 爨爨鉦Δ爭爭 爨爨爨鉦Ε爭爨 爨 爨鉦爭爨爨逗Π爭爨 爨ム爨 爨 爨 爨爨萎鉦Π 爨爨 爨迦Μ爨 爨 爨爨項鉦Π 爨爨萎 爨項爛 爨む鉦爨鉦爨 爨迦Μ爨 爨 爨爨項鉦Π 爨爨萎爨 爨爨鉦Ξ爭爨 爨爨鉦逗Θ爨爭 爨項爛 爨爨鉦逗爨 爨 爨鉦Π-爭爭оЛ爭оЖ爭爭爭爭爭爭
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