ºÝºÝߣ

ºÝºÝߣShare a Scribd company logo

Recognizing Sales Opportunities in Protective Relaying

?
?
Valence Electrical Training Services
Valence Electrical Training Services

This document discusses sales opportunities in protective relaying by upgrading from electromechanical relays to microprocessor relays. Some key opportunities include: 1) Upgrading provides customers benefits like less testing requirements, improved compliance, usability, and troubleshooting capabilities. 2) Service companies benefit from markup on the relays, engineering, commissioning, and testing labor required for upgrades. 3) Upgrading to arc flash relays provides additional customer safety benefits and opportunities for service companies to take on switching contracts and studies. 4) Regular firmware upgrades provide benefits to customers and opportunities for service work.

1 of 59
Downloaded 19 times
Recognizing Sales Opportunities in Protective Relaying
Delta vs.. Wye? A A 59N PT 50G 50G 59N N N NGR CT CT B B C C C A B PTA PTB PTC 59N
What is a Protective Relay? ? Protect equipment from damage ? Isolate Equipment with minimum Disruption
How Does it Work? ? Measures voltages, current, and/or frequency ? Compare to settings ? Ignore normal and non-fault events ? Alarm for abnormal conditions ? Trip for faults with minimum time
Why are they so complicated? ? Convert input signals to: ¨C Magnetism ¨C Low voltage signals ? Figure out normal from abnormal ? 100+ years of history ? Zones of protection
Recognizing Sales Opportunities in Protective Relaying
Recognizing Sales Opportunities in Protective Relaying
Recognizing Sales Opportunities in Protective Relaying
When Should Relays Be Used? ? Equipment Protection ? Grid Stability ? Process stability ? Personal Safety(NFPA 70E)
TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL SINGLE LINE FU1 OPEN PCB TX1 CLOSED PCB PCB1 R1 PCB2 PCB3 R2 R3 PCB4 PCB5 PCB6 PCB7 R4 R5 R6 R7 FAULT
What do Relays Do? ? Protective Functions are called Elements ? Multiple Elements protect an application ¨C Feeder ¨C Generator ¨C Motor ¨C Transmission Line
Overcurrent Elements ? Overcurrent ¨C 50 - Instantaneous Overcurrent ¨C 51 - Time Overcurrent ¨C 67 - Directional Overcurrent ? Protect for high current faults and overloads ? Protect for incorrect current flow
Voltage Elements ? Typically for Systems Instead of Equipment ¨C 59 - Overvoltage ¨C 27 - Undervoltage ¨C 81 - Frequency
Voltage Elements ? Typically for Systems Instead of Equipment ¨C 59 - Overvoltage ¨C 27 - Undervoltage ¨C 81 - Frequency
Differential Elements ? Protect High Dollar or Vital System Equipment
Differential Elements
Differential Elements
Differential Elements
First EM Relays
EM Relays
EM - What to test? ? Check Pre-test Operation ? Clean ? Pickup ? Timing ? Target ? Trip Tests
EM - When to test? ? Average 3 year ? Maximum 7 years ? Minimum 1 year
EM - Outputs
Solid State Relays
Solid State - What to test? ? Is it functional? ? Pickup ? Timing ? Target ? Trip Tests
Solid State - When to test? ? Average 3 year ? Maximum 7 years ? Minimum 1 year
Solid State - Outputs
Microprocessor Relays
Microprocessor - What to test?
Microprocessor - What to test? ? Analog to Digital Converters ? Output Contacts ? Inputs with end-devices ? Pickup? ? Timing? ? Output Logic
Microprocessor - What to test?
EM - Outputs
Microprocessor ¨C When to test? ? Average 3 year ? Maximum 14 years ? Minimum 1 year ? Depends what you are going to test
Microprocessor vs. EM?
What Tests can I Perform? ? Type Testing ¨C Evaluate relay for application ¨C Many complex tests ? Acceptance Testing ¨C Is relay damaged or malfunctioning? ¨C Simple tests of analog and digital I/O ¨C Self Check OK?
What Tests can I Perform? ? Commissioning ¨C Perform acceptance tests ¨C Will relay work in this application as programmed? ? Maintenance Testing ¨C Is the relay still working? ? Troubleshooting ¨C Why did that happen?
What do Tests Look Like? ? Steady State Pickup Test ¨C Simple ramps ¨C Simple Jogs
What do Tests Look Like? ? Dynamic On/Off Timing Test
What do Tests Look Like? ? Timing Test
What do Tests Look Like? ? Simple Dynamic State Timing Test
What do Tests Look Like? ? Complex Dynamic State Timing Test
What do Tests Look Like? ? Test Pickup/Timing/Logic in One Test
What do Tests Look Like? ? Testing with In-Service Settings
Microprocessor Problems? Percentage of Comments 3.57 7.79 5.84 Design/Wiring 4.62 Documentation Installation Relay Settings 78.18
What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Test Set ? Test Leads ? Communication Cables ? Relatively Smart Tech
What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Doble ¨C The North American Standard ¨C Pickup and Timing ¨C Macro Testing
What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Megger ¨C Pickup and Timing ¨C Rudimentary ¡°Front Panel¡±
What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Omicron ¨C Standard Outside North America ? European influence ? An Engineer¡¯s Test set
What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Manta ? Front panel controls ? System testing philosophy
What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Enoserv RTS ? ¡°Universal¡± Software ? ¡°Automatic¡± testing
Fault Studies Symmetrical Amps Asymmetrical Amps Node 3-Phase SLG 3-Phase SLG Source 15 kV 123,319 7 202,237 12 Node 1 15 kV 123,097 7 201,917 12 Node 2 4.16 kV 157,359 1006 235,777 1,006 Buss1 4.16 kV 145,561 1004 208,564 1,004
Coordination Studies
Sales Opportunities ¨C Upgrade from EM ? Customer Benefits ¨C Less Testing ¨C Regulatory Compliance (OSHA, NERC, FERC, WECC, etc.) ¨C Ease of use ¨C Targeting ¨C Oscillography
Sales Opportunities ¨C Upgrade from EM ? Customer Benefits ¨C Sequence of Events ¨C Troubleshooting ¨C Tech Support
Sales Opportunities ¨C Upgrade from EM ? Service Company Benefits ¨C Small relay markup (Relay priced from $2,000 to 20,000) ¨C Small engineering markup ($1,000 per relay) ¨C De-commission labor (1/2 ¨C 2 day/relay) ¨C Installation labor (1/2 ¨C 2 day / relay) ¨C Testing labor (1/2 ¨C 1 day per relay)
Sales Opp ¨C Upgrade to Arc Flash ? Customer Benefits ¨C All of Microprocessor benefits ¨C Lower NFPA 70E ¨C Safer Switching ¨C Less NFPA Clothing Required ¨C Less Equipment damage = less down time
Sales Opp ¨C Upgrade to Arc Flash ? Service Company Benefits ¨C All of Microprocessor benefits ¨C All customer benefits when performing maintenance in the future ¨C Possible switching contracts ¨C Fault and Coordination study required ¨C Main breaker upgrades
Microprocessor Sales Opportunities ? Upgrade Firmware
Sales Opp ¨C Upgrade Firmware ? Customer Benefits ¨C Bug Fixes ? Service Company Benefits ¨C Install Time ¨C Re-testing ¨C Look like the expert

More Related Content

Recognizing Sales Opportunities in Protective Relaying

  • 1. Recognizing Sales Opportunities in Protective Relaying
  • 2. Delta vs.. Wye? A A 59N PT 50G 50G 59N N N NGR CT CT B B C C C A B PTA PTB PTC 59N
  • 3. What is a Protective Relay? ? Protect equipment from damage ? Isolate Equipment with minimum Disruption
  • 4. How Does it Work? ? Measures voltages, current, and/or frequency ? Compare to settings ? Ignore normal and non-fault events ? Alarm for abnormal conditions ? Trip for faults with minimum time
  • 5. Why are they so complicated? ? Convert input signals to: ¨C Magnetism ¨C Low voltage signals ? Figure out normal from abnormal ? 100+ years of history ? Zones of protection
  • 9. When Should Relays Be Used? ? Equipment Protection ? Grid Stability ? Process stability ? Personal Safety(NFPA 70E)
  • 10. TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL SINGLE LINE FU1 OPEN PCB TX1 CLOSED PCB PCB1 R1 PCB2 PCB3 R2 R3 PCB4 PCB5 PCB6 PCB7 R4 R5 R6 R7 FAULT
  • 11. What do Relays Do? ? Protective Functions are called Elements ? Multiple Elements protect an application ¨C Feeder ¨C Generator ¨C Motor ¨C Transmission Line
  • 12. Overcurrent Elements ? Overcurrent ¨C 50 - Instantaneous Overcurrent ¨C 51 - Time Overcurrent ¨C 67 - Directional Overcurrent ? Protect for high current faults and overloads ? Protect for incorrect current flow
  • 13. Voltage Elements ? Typically for Systems Instead of Equipment ¨C 59 - Overvoltage ¨C 27 - Undervoltage ¨C 81 - Frequency
  • 14. Voltage Elements ? Typically for Systems Instead of Equipment ¨C 59 - Overvoltage ¨C 27 - Undervoltage ¨C 81 - Frequency
  • 15. Differential Elements ? Protect High Dollar or Vital System Equipment
  • 21. EM - What to test? ? Check Pre-test Operation ? Clean ? Pickup ? Timing ? Target ? Trip Tests
  • 22. EM - When to test? ? Average 3 year ? Maximum 7 years ? Minimum 1 year
  • 25. Solid State - What to test? ? Is it functional? ? Pickup ? Timing ? Target ? Trip Tests
  • 26. Solid State - When to test? ? Average 3 year ? Maximum 7 years ? Minimum 1 year
  • 27. Solid State - Outputs
  • 30. Microprocessor - What to test? ? Analog to Digital Converters ? Output Contacts ? Inputs with end-devices ? Pickup? ? Timing? ? Output Logic
  • 33. Microprocessor ¨C When to test? ? Average 3 year ? Maximum 14 years ? Minimum 1 year ? Depends what you are going to test
  • 35. What Tests can I Perform? ? Type Testing ¨C Evaluate relay for application ¨C Many complex tests ? Acceptance Testing ¨C Is relay damaged or malfunctioning? ¨C Simple tests of analog and digital I/O ¨C Self Check OK?
  • 36. What Tests can I Perform? ? Commissioning ¨C Perform acceptance tests ¨C Will relay work in this application as programmed? ? Maintenance Testing ¨C Is the relay still working? ? Troubleshooting ¨C Why did that happen?
  • 37. What do Tests Look Like? ? Steady State Pickup Test ¨C Simple ramps ¨C Simple Jogs
  • 38. What do Tests Look Like? ? Dynamic On/Off Timing Test
  • 39. What do Tests Look Like? ? Timing Test
  • 40. What do Tests Look Like? ? Simple Dynamic State Timing Test
  • 41. What do Tests Look Like? ? Complex Dynamic State Timing Test
  • 42. What do Tests Look Like? ? Test Pickup/Timing/Logic in One Test
  • 43. What do Tests Look Like? ? Testing with In-Service Settings
  • 44. Microprocessor Problems? Percentage of Comments 3.57 7.79 5.84 Design/Wiring 4.62 Documentation Installation Relay Settings 78.18
  • 45. What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Test Set ? Test Leads ? Communication Cables ? Relatively Smart Tech
  • 46. What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Doble ¨C The North American Standard ¨C Pickup and Timing ¨C Macro Testing
  • 47. What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Megger ¨C Pickup and Timing ¨C Rudimentary ¡°Front Panel¡±
  • 48. What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Omicron ¨C Standard Outside North America ? European influence ? An Engineer¡¯s Test set
  • 49. What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Manta ? Front panel controls ? System testing philosophy
  • 50. What do you Need to Perform Test? ? Enoserv RTS ? ¡°Universal¡± Software ? ¡°Automatic¡± testing
  • 51. Fault Studies Symmetrical Amps Asymmetrical Amps Node 3-Phase SLG 3-Phase SLG Source 15 kV 123,319 7 202,237 12 Node 1 15 kV 123,097 7 201,917 12 Node 2 4.16 kV 157,359 1006 235,777 1,006 Buss1 4.16 kV 145,561 1004 208,564 1,004
  • 53. Sales Opportunities ¨C Upgrade from EM ? Customer Benefits ¨C Less Testing ¨C Regulatory Compliance (OSHA, NERC, FERC, WECC, etc.) ¨C Ease of use ¨C Targeting ¨C Oscillography
  • 54. Sales Opportunities ¨C Upgrade from EM ? Customer Benefits ¨C Sequence of Events ¨C Troubleshooting ¨C Tech Support
  • 55. Sales Opportunities ¨C Upgrade from EM ? Service Company Benefits ¨C Small relay markup (Relay priced from $2,000 to 20,000) ¨C Small engineering markup ($1,000 per relay) ¨C De-commission labor (1/2 ¨C 2 day/relay) ¨C Installation labor (1/2 ¨C 2 day / relay) ¨C Testing labor (1/2 ¨C 1 day per relay)
  • 56. Sales Opp ¨C Upgrade to Arc Flash ? Customer Benefits ¨C All of Microprocessor benefits ¨C Lower NFPA 70E ¨C Safer Switching ¨C Less NFPA Clothing Required ¨C Less Equipment damage = less down time
  • 57. Sales Opp ¨C Upgrade to Arc Flash ? Service Company Benefits ¨C All of Microprocessor benefits ¨C All customer benefits when performing maintenance in the future ¨C Possible switching contracts ¨C Fault and Coordination study required ¨C Main breaker upgrades
  • 59. Sales Opp ¨C Upgrade Firmware ? Customer Benefits ¨C Bug Fixes ? Service Company Benefits ¨C Install Time ¨C Re-testing ¨C Look like the expert