際際滷

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Despina Ioannidou

This document discusses implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease. It begins with an introduction that outlines different types of memory and common memory tests. It then reviews literature on implicit memory and Alzheimer's disease. The main sections analyze the results of a meta-analysis looking at factors that influence implicit memory priming effects in Alzheimer's patients. These factors include sample size, age differences, dementia severity, number of stimulus exposures, and orienting tasks. The document concludes by describing an experiment that tested young-old controls and age-matched Alzheimer's patients on stem-completion and cued-recall tasks to further explore implicit memory in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease.

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CONTENT TABLE Abstract ............................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 2 Division of memory .......................................................................................... 2 Methods of memory testing .............................................................................. 3 Alzheimer' s disease .......................................................................................... 4 Implicit memory in Alzheimer' s disease .......................................................... 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................... 8 META-ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 25 Categories of meta-analysis combination ......................................................... 26 i.sample size ................................................................................................. 26 ii. difference between the mean ages of the AD and the control group.......... 26 iii. dementia severity .................................................................................... 26 iv.number of exposures of stimuli ................................................................ 30 v.orienting task ............................................................................................. 30 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 32 RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 33 Calculation of the average group-comparison size effects ................................ 33 Calculation of the average AD priming size effects .......................................... 33 i.sample size.................................................................................................... 34 ii. difference between the mean ages of the AD and the control group ....... 34 iii. dementia severity ..................................................................................... 35 iv.number of exposures of stimuli ................................................................. 35 v.orienting task .............................................................................................. 35 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 36 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 37 GENERAL DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 39 Explicit memory of controls .............................................................................. 39 Associations with other tests ............................................................................. 40
AD and the transfer-appropriate processing ...................................................... 42 Semantic memory in AD .................................................................................. 43 Nature of stem-completion ............................................................................... 46 EXPERIMENT .................................................................................................... 51 Memory in healthy aging .................................................................................. 54 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 59 ---Participants ................................................................................................... 59 ---Design ........................................................................................................... 60 ---Materials ....................................................................................................... 61 Procedure .......................................................................................................... 61 RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 63 Stem-completion ............................................................................................... 63 ---young-old controls ........................................................................................ 63 --- matched old controls-AD patients ............................................................... 65 Cued-recall ...................................................................................................... 67 ---young-old controls ........................................................................................ 67 --- matched old controls-AD patients ............................................................... 68 Analysis of responses by word-frequency .................................................... 69 ---young-old controls ........................................................................................ 69 --- matched old controls-AD patients ............................................................... 69 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 74 Young-old controls ........................................................................................... 74 Matched old controls-AD patients .................................................................... 77 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 80 References . 87

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  • 1. CONTENT TABLE Abstract ............................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 2 Division of memory .......................................................................................... 2 Methods of memory testing .............................................................................. 3 Alzheimer' s disease .......................................................................................... 4 Implicit memory in Alzheimer' s disease .......................................................... 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................... 8 META-ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 25 Categories of meta-analysis combination ......................................................... 26 i.sample size ................................................................................................. 26 ii. difference between the mean ages of the AD and the control group.......... 26 iii. dementia severity .................................................................................... 26 iv.number of exposures of stimuli ................................................................ 30 v.orienting task ............................................................................................. 30 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 32 RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 33 Calculation of the average group-comparison size effects ................................ 33 Calculation of the average AD priming size effects .......................................... 33 i.sample size.................................................................................................... 34 ii. difference between the mean ages of the AD and the control group ....... 34 iii. dementia severity ..................................................................................... 35 iv.number of exposures of stimuli ................................................................. 35 v.orienting task .............................................................................................. 35 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 36 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 37 GENERAL DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 39 Explicit memory of controls .............................................................................. 39 Associations with other tests ............................................................................. 40
  • 2. AD and the transfer-appropriate processing ...................................................... 42 Semantic memory in AD .................................................................................. 43 Nature of stem-completion ............................................................................... 46 EXPERIMENT .................................................................................................... 51 Memory in healthy aging .................................................................................. 54 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 59 ---Participants ................................................................................................... 59 ---Design ........................................................................................................... 60 ---Materials ....................................................................................................... 61 Procedure .......................................................................................................... 61 RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 63 Stem-completion ............................................................................................... 63 ---young-old controls ........................................................................................ 63 --- matched old controls-AD patients ............................................................... 65 Cued-recall ...................................................................................................... 67 ---young-old controls ........................................................................................ 67 --- matched old controls-AD patients ............................................................... 68 Analysis of responses by word-frequency .................................................... 69 ---young-old controls ........................................................................................ 69 --- matched old controls-AD patients ............................................................... 69 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 74 Young-old controls ........................................................................................... 74 Matched old controls-AD patients .................................................................... 77 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 80 References . 87