際際滷

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Parallel Beam   Convergence   Divergence
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Fovea
        Light rays
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Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
Refraction presentation
CLINICAL REFRACTION
 1 OBJECTIVE REFRACTION ( RETINOSCOPY )
 2 SUBJECTIVE REFRACTION
RETINOSCOPY
   POSITIONING AND ALIGNMENT
   FIXATION AND FOGGING
   RETINAL REFLEX
   CORRECTING LENS
   NEUTRALITY
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Speed brilliance width
FINDING CYLINDER AXIS
1.   BREAK
2.   WIDTH
3.   INTENSITY
4.   SKEW
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 Cross cylinders
REFINING OF SPHERE
 Endpoint strongest plus and weakest minus
 Duochrome test




 RAM-GAP ( red add minus green add plus)
BINOCULAR BALANCE
1. FOGGING
2. PRISM DISSOCIATION
3. CYCLOPLEGIA
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