This document summarizes the experiences of the Willie and Martin handcart companies of Mormon pioneers in 1856. [1] Over 200 people died when these companies were caught in early winter snowstorms after departing late in the season. [2] Survivors never criticized this decision and remained faithful, experiencing God's help during their extreme hardships. [3] One survivor recounted being pushed by unseen angels when too weak to continue yet expressed no regrets about choosing to immigrate by handcart.
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1. REMEMBERING HANDCART
PIONEERS
Church History
REL 275 (Sec11)
Kim Russell Comenta
Resources: https://history.lds.org/article/historic-
sites/wyoming/remembering-handcart-pioneers-in-the-sweetwater-
valley?lang=eng
https://www.lds.org/general-conference/1979/04/the-refiners-
fire?lang=eng
2. Between 1841 and 1868,
about 450,000 people
followed the sweet water
river from independence
Rock to South Pass and
cross the Continental
Divide through the
Rocky Mountains.
Sought for new
opportunities fertile
farmland or gold mines.
Important trail because it
provided plenty of water
and good pasture for
live stock.
3. About 70,000 of the
immigrants were Latter-
day Saints.
Left their homes so they
could make temple
covenants and build up
Zion, a community of pure
in heart.
Exercised faith in the
sacrifices they made to
heed a prophets counsel
and in help they gave each
other along the way.
5. The Willie and Martin handcart
companies, left late in the
season. They were caught in
early winter snowstorms.
Over 200 people died from
hunger, exposure, and fatigue
(Greatest loss of life in the
history of this overland trail).
Right Photo (Elder George
Albert Smith grave marker at
Rock Creek Hollow, honors a
mass grave of 13 people near a
place where the Willi Handcart
company camped in 1856.
Location of the actual mass
grave is unknown.)
7. An old man in the corner sat silent and listened as long as he could stand it, then he
arose and said things that no person who heard him will ever forget. His face was white
with emotion, yet he spoke calmly, deliberately, but with great earnestness and sincerity.
In substance [he] said, I ask you to stop this criticism. You are discussing a matter you
know nothing about. Cold historic facts mean nothing here, for they give no proper
interpretation of the questions involved. Mistake to send the Handcart Company out so
late in the season? Yes. But I was in that company and my wife was in it and Sister Nellie
Unthank whom you have cited was there, too. We suffered beyond anything you can
imagine and many died of exposure and starvation, but did you ever hear a survivor of
that company utter a word of criticism? Not one of that company ever apostatized or left
the Church, because everyone of us came through with the absolute knowledge that God
lives for we became acquainted with him in our extremities.
- James E. Faust, The Refiners Fire (1979)
8. I have pulled my handcart
when I was so weak and weary
from illness and lack of food that
I could hardly put one foot
ahead of the other. I have
looked ahead and seen a patch
of sand or a hill slope and I have
said, I can go only that far and
there I must give up, for I cannot
pull the load through it. He
continues: I have gone on to
that sand and when I reached it,
the cart began pushing me. I
have looked back many times to
see who was pushing my cart,
but my eyes saw no one. I knew
then that the angels of God were
there.
Was I sorry that I chose to
come by handcart? No. Neither
then nor any minute of my life
since. The price we paid to
become acquainted with God
was a privilege to pay, and I am
thankful that I was privileged to
come in the Martin Handcart
Company. (Relief Society
Magazine, Jan. 1948, p. 8.)
9. Wherefore, whoso believeth in God might
with surety hope for a better world, yea, even a place at
the right hand of God, which hope cometh of faith,
maketh an anchor to the souls of men, which would
make them sure and steadfast, always abounding
in good works, being led to glorify God.
And now, I, Moroni, would speak somewhat concerning
these things; I would show unto the world that faith is
things which are hoped for and not seen; wherefore,
dispute not because ye see not, for ye receive
no witness until after the trial of your faith.
- Ether 12: 4 & 6