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relative_pronouns.ppt

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Ana Costa
Ana Costa

This document discusses relative pronouns and relative clauses in English. It defines the relative pronouns who, whom, which, whose, that, where, when and why. It explains that relative clauses add information about a person or thing mentioned in the main clause. There are defining and non-defining relative clauses, and the document provides examples and rules for using each type.

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RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO WHOM (object) WHICH WHOSE THAT They introduce relative clauses. A relative clause tells us which person or thing the speaker means/ refers to.
Who / that: refer to people Those people live next door. They have 16 children. The people who /that live next door have 16 children.
Which / that: refer to things A turtle is an animal. It lives in the sea. A turtle is an animal which / that lives in the sea.
SUBJECT OF RELATIVE CLAUSE I know a man. He is a lawyer. I know a man who / that is a lawyer. A dog ran away. A dog is mine. The dog which /that ran away is mine. CAN NEVER BE OMITTED
OBJECT OF RELATIVE CLAUSE I spoke to a man. I had met him before. I spoke to a man (whom/who/that/--) I had met before. Thats the book. I read it last summer. Thats the book (which/that/ --) I read last summer. CAN BE OMITTED IN DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES.
WHOSE=possessive adjectives with people, objects and animals Thats the woman- her house caught fire yesterday. Thats the woman whose house caught fire yesterday. Thats the house- its entrance is guarded. Thats the house whose entrance is guarded. CAN NEVER BE OMITTED
PREPOSITIONS(usually avoid prep. Before relative pronouns) Thats the car for which I paid $2,000. ( more formal) Thats the car which / that I paid $2,000 for. (more usual) Thats the car I paid $2,000 for. (everyday English)
RELATIVE CLAUSES DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES WHO WHOM WHICH THAT WHEN, WHERE NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES WHO WHOM WHICH WHEN, WHERE
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Necessary information Essential to the meaning of the main sentence Relative pronouns can be omitted when they are the object of the relative clause The relative clause is not put in commas
. People are fined. (Which people?) People who /that park illegally are fined. (Which people? Those who park illegally) . The film was boring (Which film?) The film (which/ that) I watched yesterday was boring. (Which film? The one I watched yesterday)
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES They give extra information Not essential to the meaning of the sentence RELATIVE PRONOUNS CANNOT BE OMITTED THAT CANNOT BE USED THE RELATIVE CLAUSE IS PUT IN COMMAS
. The Jeffersons live next door. The Jeffersons, who own a Jaguar, live next door. My cat is called Monty. My cat, which I found on the street, is called Monty.
RELATIVE ADVERBS WHERE WHEN WHY: THE REASON WHY I didnt get a pay rise that was the reason why I left. I didnt get a pay rise that was the reason (that) I left.
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES WHERE: refers to place, after nouns like: place, house, street, town and country. The street where we used to play is very busy now. The street (which /that) we used to play in is very busy now
WHEN: refers to time, after nouns like: time, period, moment, day Ill never forget the day when I first met him. Ill never forget the day (that) I first met him.
NON-DEFINING WHERE: always after a named place. WHEN: always after a named time. I stopped in Dallas, where my sister lives. Come back at 3:30, when I wont be busy.

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relative_pronouns.ppt

  • 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO WHOM (object) WHICH WHOSE THAT They introduce relative clauses. A relative clause tells us which person or thing the speaker means/ refers to.
  • 2. Who / that: refer to people Those people live next door. They have 16 children. The people who /that live next door have 16 children.
  • 3. Which / that: refer to things A turtle is an animal. It lives in the sea. A turtle is an animal which / that lives in the sea.
  • 4. SUBJECT OF RELATIVE CLAUSE I know a man. He is a lawyer. I know a man who / that is a lawyer. A dog ran away. A dog is mine. The dog which /that ran away is mine. CAN NEVER BE OMITTED
  • 5. OBJECT OF RELATIVE CLAUSE I spoke to a man. I had met him before. I spoke to a man (whom/who/that/--) I had met before. Thats the book. I read it last summer. Thats the book (which/that/ --) I read last summer. CAN BE OMITTED IN DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES.
  • 6. WHOSE=possessive adjectives with people, objects and animals Thats the woman- her house caught fire yesterday. Thats the woman whose house caught fire yesterday. Thats the house- its entrance is guarded. Thats the house whose entrance is guarded. CAN NEVER BE OMITTED
  • 7. PREPOSITIONS(usually avoid prep. Before relative pronouns) Thats the car for which I paid $2,000. ( more formal) Thats the car which / that I paid $2,000 for. (more usual) Thats the car I paid $2,000 for. (everyday English)
  • 8. RELATIVE CLAUSES DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES WHO WHOM WHICH THAT WHEN, WHERE NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES WHO WHOM WHICH WHEN, WHERE
  • 9. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Necessary information Essential to the meaning of the main sentence Relative pronouns can be omitted when they are the object of the relative clause The relative clause is not put in commas
  • 10. . People are fined. (Which people?) People who /that park illegally are fined. (Which people? Those who park illegally) . The film was boring (Which film?) The film (which/ that) I watched yesterday was boring. (Which film? The one I watched yesterday)
  • 11. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES They give extra information Not essential to the meaning of the sentence RELATIVE PRONOUNS CANNOT BE OMITTED THAT CANNOT BE USED THE RELATIVE CLAUSE IS PUT IN COMMAS
  • 12. . The Jeffersons live next door. The Jeffersons, who own a Jaguar, live next door. My cat is called Monty. My cat, which I found on the street, is called Monty.
  • 13. RELATIVE ADVERBS WHERE WHEN WHY: THE REASON WHY I didnt get a pay rise that was the reason why I left. I didnt get a pay rise that was the reason (that) I left.
  • 14. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES WHERE: refers to place, after nouns like: place, house, street, town and country. The street where we used to play is very busy now. The street (which /that) we used to play in is very busy now
  • 15. WHEN: refers to time, after nouns like: time, period, moment, day Ill never forget the day when I first met him. Ill never forget the day (that) I first met him.
  • 16. NON-DEFINING WHERE: always after a named place. WHEN: always after a named time. I stopped in Dallas, where my sister lives. Come back at 3:30, when I wont be busy.