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Reported speech and the sequence of tenses

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Reported Speech and the Sequence of Tenses Polishedpaper.com
Reported Speech and the Sequence of Tenses Suppose we want to share something a person said, but we dont want to use a direct quotation. How do we do it? We need to transform pronouns, verb tenses (using something called the sequence of tenses), and place and time words. Say/Ask Verb in the Present or Future When the say/ask verb is in the present or future, the reported speech does not change. Note: For statements, we insert that after the say verb in the reported speech. We also need to change the pronouns. For example, when we report something Bill says about himself, we use he instead of I. Bill says, I want to go to the zoo. Bill says that he wants to go to the zoo.
When she sees the skyline for the first time, Carla will say, I love New York! When she sees the skyline for the first time, Carla will say that she loves New York. Note: For yes/no questions, use whether instead of that. For all other questions, use the question word in the original (e.g., when, where, what, or why). Jake asks, Does she attend your school? Jake asks whether she attends my school. Paula asks, When will she come back? Paula asks when she will come back.
Say/Ask Verb in the Past When the say/ask verb is in the past, the reported speech should be in the past as well. Original speech tense>Reported speech tense Simple present>Simple past Donna said, I hate grapes! Donna said that she hated grapes. Present continuous>Past continuous Mark said, I am going to see the Statue of Liberty. Mark said that he was going to see the Statue of Liberty. Present perfect>Past perfect
Tanya said, I have visited twenty countries. Tanya said that she had visited twenty countries. Present perfect continuous>Past perfect continuous Libby asked, Has Susan been planning to attend Harvard for a long time? Libby asked whether Susan had been planning to attend Harvard for a long time. Simple past>Past perfect Margery asked, Did you wash the dishes? Margery asked whether I had washed the dishes. Past continuous>Past perfect continuous Larry said, I was planning to go to the carnival. Larry said that he had been planning to go to the carnival.
Past perfect>Past perfect Jill said, I had just arrived when the phone rang. Jill said that she had just arrived when the phone rang. Past perfect continuous>Past perfect continuous Tom said, When I turned thirteen, my dad had been working as a plumber for three years. Tom said that when he turned thirteen, his dad had been working as a plumber for three years. Future>Future in the past (will>would and can>could). Maggie asked, When will you leave for Los Angeles? Maggie asked when I would leave for Los Angeles.
Changing Pronouns and Adverbs of Time and Place When we use reported speech (indirect quotations), we must also change certain pronouns and adverbs (of time and place). Original speech pronoun>Reported speech pronoun this>that these>those John said, I love this movie! John said that he loved that movie. today>on that day this morning or afternoon>that morning or afternoon tonight>that night
Carol said, I will attend a play tonight. Carol said that she would attend a play that night. now>then tomorrow>the following day next week or month>the following week or month Pam said, I will move to Bushwick next week. Pam said that she would move to Bushwick the following week. in a few days>a few days later yesterday>the day before last week or month>the week or month before Carol said, I will attend a play tonight. Carol said that she would attend a play that night.
now>then tomorrow>the following day next week or month>the following week or month Pam said, I will move to Bushwick next week. Pam said that she would move to Bushwick the following week. in a few days>a few days later yesterday>the day before last week or month>the week or month before five days ago>five days before a week ago>a week before here>there
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Reported speech and the sequence of tenses

  • 1. Reported Speech and the Sequence of Tenses Polishedpaper.com
  • 2. Reported Speech and the Sequence of Tenses Suppose we want to share something a person said, but we dont want to use a direct quotation. How do we do it? We need to transform pronouns, verb tenses (using something called the sequence of tenses), and place and time words. Say/Ask Verb in the Present or Future When the say/ask verb is in the present or future, the reported speech does not change. Note: For statements, we insert that after the say verb in the reported speech. We also need to change the pronouns. For example, when we report something Bill says about himself, we use he instead of I. Bill says, I want to go to the zoo. Bill says that he wants to go to the zoo.
  • 3. When she sees the skyline for the first time, Carla will say, I love New York! When she sees the skyline for the first time, Carla will say that she loves New York. Note: For yes/no questions, use whether instead of that. For all other questions, use the question word in the original (e.g., when, where, what, or why). Jake asks, Does she attend your school? Jake asks whether she attends my school. Paula asks, When will she come back? Paula asks when she will come back.
  • 4. Say/Ask Verb in the Past When the say/ask verb is in the past, the reported speech should be in the past as well. Original speech tense>Reported speech tense Simple present>Simple past Donna said, I hate grapes! Donna said that she hated grapes. Present continuous>Past continuous Mark said, I am going to see the Statue of Liberty. Mark said that he was going to see the Statue of Liberty. Present perfect>Past perfect
  • 5. Tanya said, I have visited twenty countries. Tanya said that she had visited twenty countries. Present perfect continuous>Past perfect continuous Libby asked, Has Susan been planning to attend Harvard for a long time? Libby asked whether Susan had been planning to attend Harvard for a long time. Simple past>Past perfect Margery asked, Did you wash the dishes? Margery asked whether I had washed the dishes. Past continuous>Past perfect continuous Larry said, I was planning to go to the carnival. Larry said that he had been planning to go to the carnival.
  • 6. Past perfect>Past perfect Jill said, I had just arrived when the phone rang. Jill said that she had just arrived when the phone rang. Past perfect continuous>Past perfect continuous Tom said, When I turned thirteen, my dad had been working as a plumber for three years. Tom said that when he turned thirteen, his dad had been working as a plumber for three years. Future>Future in the past (will>would and can>could). Maggie asked, When will you leave for Los Angeles? Maggie asked when I would leave for Los Angeles.
  • 7. Changing Pronouns and Adverbs of Time and Place When we use reported speech (indirect quotations), we must also change certain pronouns and adverbs (of time and place). Original speech pronoun>Reported speech pronoun this>that these>those John said, I love this movie! John said that he loved that movie. today>on that day this morning or afternoon>that morning or afternoon tonight>that night
  • 8. Carol said, I will attend a play tonight. Carol said that she would attend a play that night. now>then tomorrow>the following day next week or month>the following week or month Pam said, I will move to Bushwick next week. Pam said that she would move to Bushwick the following week. in a few days>a few days later yesterday>the day before last week or month>the week or month before Carol said, I will attend a play tonight. Carol said that she would attend a play that night.
  • 9. now>then tomorrow>the following day next week or month>the following week or month Pam said, I will move to Bushwick next week. Pam said that she would move to Bushwick the following week. in a few days>a few days later yesterday>the day before last week or month>the week or month before five days ago>five days before a week ago>a week before here>there
  • 10. Polished Paper LLC, 1923 Bragg St. #140-2376 USA (United State of America) Sanford North Carolina 27330 Phone number: 1-855-974-4102 Email-info@polishedpaper.com https://www.facebook.com/PolishedPaper https://twitter.com/PolishedPaper https://plus.google.com/+PolishedpaperLLC https://www.linkedin.com/company/polished-paper-llc