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Research Presentation - As on October 2013

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Berenice Pendzialek (°×Èð)
Berenice Pendzialek (°×Èð)

This document provides an overview and agenda for research being conducted on Chinese outbound organized mass tourists and their performances during tours in Germany. The researcher aims to analyze how Chinese tourists learn to be tourists through their experiences on structured tours in Germany using a performance studies framework. So far, the researcher has conducted background research and literature reviews on Chinese outbound tourism and performance theory. Primary research methods have included interviews with experts in China and Germany as well as observing and interviewing Chinese tourists on tours in Germany. The status update indicates initial chapters on theorizing Chinese tourism and performance studies are underway, with plans to further analyze findings and complete additional chapters.

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¡°Performing tourism: Chinese outbound organized mass tourists on their travels through German tourism stages¡± PhD Candidate: Alma Berenice Pendzialek, MBA Catholic University of Eichst?tt-Ingolstadt (KU - Dep. of Tourism Geography) Research first supervisor: Prof. Dr. Hans Hopfinger (KU) Second supervisor: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt (FH-Westkueste, Heide) October 31, 2013 1
Agenda ? Background ? Research Methods ? Stand of the research as of today ? Perspectives 2
Background Growth and diversification of the market Sources: CNTA, COTRI 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Est. 2013 Chinese outbound tourism in million border-crossings, 2000 - 2013 3
Source: UNWTO 00 20 40 60 80 100 120 China Germany USA United Kingdom Russia France Canada Japan Australia Italy Top spenders in international tourism, 2009- 2012 (in US$ billion) 2009 2010 2011 2012 4
Two main segments: - Group Package Travellers (GPT) - Free Independent Travellers (FIT) Proportion of GPT and FIT market segments in COT, 2011 Source: CNTA 5
Rationale ? Over-generalise application of tourism theories. ? Studies under a ?managerism¡° approach. ¡°There was an obvious skew towards analysing either the visitor or consumer profiles and the image of destinations¡± (Tse, 2009, p.23) ? Studies based on ¡°Western¡± concepts, not critically adapted to China?s reality. 6
Aim ? To explore and provide further understandings on the tourist performances of Chinese outbound organized mass tourists on German tourism stages. ? How? Dramaturgical metaphor of Erving Goffman (1959) and ¡°Performance Studies¡± from Richard Schechner (2002, 2006) 7
Objectives ? To analyse the development of the Chinese outbound tourism in general and especially mass organized tourists, in order to explore how Chinese tourists learn to be a tourist ? To conduct an ethnographic study, as to identify how Chinese tourists perform on German tourism stages ? To describe the construction of tourism stages in Germany, in order to contextualize the performances allow for the Chinese outbound tourists to happen 8
Performance ¨C Analytical Framework ? Performances ? Time ? Stages ? Social and space regulation Adapted from Edensor, Crouch, Larsen. 9
Research Methods ? Methodology Paradigm: Phenomenological Ontology: Relativist / Multiple realities Epistemology: Subjectivist Methods: Qualitative Axiology: Value-laden Adapted from Jennings (2005, p.104) Ethnographic character of the research. 10
? Methods ? Secondary Research ? Primary Research ? Interviews ? Ethnography Qualitative Research ? Analysis of statistical information Quantitative Research Open and Semi- structured in-depth expert interviews in China (8) and Germany (9) Semi- structured in- depth interviews with tour guides (4) in Germany Participant observation (3 GPTs). Complemented with semi-structured interviews (5) and open semi-structured questionnaires (45) to tourists. Arrivals, expenditure, other micro- and macro- economic indicators 11
Status of the research as of today ? Chapters Chapter 2 ¨CTheorising Chinese tourism Chapter 3 ¨C Performance turn in tourism studies Chapter 4 ¨C Learn to be a tourist (Still under construction) Chapter 5 ¨C Methodology and methods (Still under construction) ? Field research information 12
Perspectives ? Methodology chapter ? Analysis of the findings ? Write following chapters ? Further advice 13
Thanks a lot for your attention! лл£¡ 14
References Cai, L., Li, M., & Knutson, B. (2008). Research on China Outbound Market: A Meta-Review. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 16(1), 5¨C20. China Outbound Tourism Research Institute COTRI (2013). Latest Chinese Outbound Tourism Developments. Heide, from : www.china-outbound.com/120.html Edensor, T. (2007). Mundane mobilities, performances and spaces of tourism. Social & Cultural Geography, 8(2), 199¨C215. Edensor, T. (2001). Walking in the British Countryside: Reflexivity, Embodied Practices and Ways to Escape. In P. Macnaghten & J. Urry (Eds.), Bodies of nature (pp. 81¨C106). London, Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications. Edensor, T. (2000). Staging tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2), 322¨C344. Edensor, T. (1998). Tourists at the Taj: Performance and meaning at a symbolic site. International library of sociology. London, New York: Routledge. Fugmann, R., & Aceves, B. (2013). Under Control: Performing Chinese Outbound Tourism to Germany. Tourism Planning & Development, 10(2), 159¨C168. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor books. New York: Doubleday. Jennings, G. R. (2005). Interviewing: a Focus on Qualitative Techniques. In B. W. Ritchie, P. Burns, & C. Palmer (Eds.), Tourism research methods. Integrating theory with practice (pp. 99¨C117). Wallingford, UK, Cambridge, MA: CABI. Schechner, R. (2006). Performance studies: An introduction (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. Schechner, R. (2002). Performance studies: An introduction (1st ed.). London [u.a.]: Routledge. Schechner, R., & Appel, W. (1990). By means of performance: Intercultural studies of theatre and ritual. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. Schechner, R., & Brady, S. (2013). Performance studies: An introduction (3rd ed.). London, New York: Routledge. Tse, T. S. M. (2009). Forces shaping the trends and patterns of China?s outbound international tourist flows, Southern Cross University. UNWTO (2013). Tourism Highlights: 2013 Edition. Madrid: UNWTO, from http://mkt.unwto.org/en/publication/unwto- tourism-highlights-2013-edition. 15

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Research Presentation - As on October 2013

  • 1. ¡°Performing tourism: Chinese outbound organized mass tourists on their travels through German tourism stages¡± PhD Candidate: Alma Berenice Pendzialek, MBA Catholic University of Eichst?tt-Ingolstadt (KU - Dep. of Tourism Geography) Research first supervisor: Prof. Dr. Hans Hopfinger (KU) Second supervisor: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt (FH-Westkueste, Heide) October 31, 2013 1
  • 2. Agenda ? Background ? Research Methods ? Stand of the research as of today ? Perspectives 2
  • 3. Background Growth and diversification of the market Sources: CNTA, COTRI 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Est. 2013 Chinese outbound tourism in million border-crossings, 2000 - 2013 3
  • 4. Source: UNWTO 00 20 40 60 80 100 120 China Germany USA United Kingdom Russia France Canada Japan Australia Italy Top spenders in international tourism, 2009- 2012 (in US$ billion) 2009 2010 2011 2012 4
  • 5. Two main segments: - Group Package Travellers (GPT) - Free Independent Travellers (FIT) Proportion of GPT and FIT market segments in COT, 2011 Source: CNTA 5
  • 6. Rationale ? Over-generalise application of tourism theories. ? Studies under a ?managerism¡° approach. ¡°There was an obvious skew towards analysing either the visitor or consumer profiles and the image of destinations¡± (Tse, 2009, p.23) ? Studies based on ¡°Western¡± concepts, not critically adapted to China?s reality. 6
  • 7. Aim ? To explore and provide further understandings on the tourist performances of Chinese outbound organized mass tourists on German tourism stages. ? How? Dramaturgical metaphor of Erving Goffman (1959) and ¡°Performance Studies¡± from Richard Schechner (2002, 2006) 7
  • 8. Objectives ? To analyse the development of the Chinese outbound tourism in general and especially mass organized tourists, in order to explore how Chinese tourists learn to be a tourist ? To conduct an ethnographic study, as to identify how Chinese tourists perform on German tourism stages ? To describe the construction of tourism stages in Germany, in order to contextualize the performances allow for the Chinese outbound tourists to happen 8
  • 9. Performance ¨C Analytical Framework ? Performances ? Time ? Stages ? Social and space regulation Adapted from Edensor, Crouch, Larsen. 9
  • 10. Research Methods ? Methodology Paradigm: Phenomenological Ontology: Relativist / Multiple realities Epistemology: Subjectivist Methods: Qualitative Axiology: Value-laden Adapted from Jennings (2005, p.104) Ethnographic character of the research. 10
  • 11. ? Methods ? Secondary Research ? Primary Research ? Interviews ? Ethnography Qualitative Research ? Analysis of statistical information Quantitative Research Open and Semi- structured in-depth expert interviews in China (8) and Germany (9) Semi- structured in- depth interviews with tour guides (4) in Germany Participant observation (3 GPTs). Complemented with semi-structured interviews (5) and open semi-structured questionnaires (45) to tourists. Arrivals, expenditure, other micro- and macro- economic indicators 11
  • 12. Status of the research as of today ? Chapters Chapter 2 ¨CTheorising Chinese tourism Chapter 3 ¨C Performance turn in tourism studies Chapter 4 ¨C Learn to be a tourist (Still under construction) Chapter 5 ¨C Methodology and methods (Still under construction) ? Field research information 12
  • 13. Perspectives ? Methodology chapter ? Analysis of the findings ? Write following chapters ? Further advice 13
  • 14. Thanks a lot for your attention! лл£¡ 14
  • 15. References Cai, L., Li, M., & Knutson, B. (2008). Research on China Outbound Market: A Meta-Review. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 16(1), 5¨C20. China Outbound Tourism Research Institute COTRI (2013). Latest Chinese Outbound Tourism Developments. Heide, from : www.china-outbound.com/120.html Edensor, T. (2007). Mundane mobilities, performances and spaces of tourism. Social & Cultural Geography, 8(2), 199¨C215. Edensor, T. (2001). Walking in the British Countryside: Reflexivity, Embodied Practices and Ways to Escape. In P. Macnaghten & J. Urry (Eds.), Bodies of nature (pp. 81¨C106). London, Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications. Edensor, T. (2000). Staging tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2), 322¨C344. Edensor, T. (1998). Tourists at the Taj: Performance and meaning at a symbolic site. International library of sociology. London, New York: Routledge. Fugmann, R., & Aceves, B. (2013). Under Control: Performing Chinese Outbound Tourism to Germany. Tourism Planning & Development, 10(2), 159¨C168. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor books. New York: Doubleday. Jennings, G. R. (2005). Interviewing: a Focus on Qualitative Techniques. In B. W. Ritchie, P. Burns, & C. Palmer (Eds.), Tourism research methods. Integrating theory with practice (pp. 99¨C117). Wallingford, UK, Cambridge, MA: CABI. Schechner, R. (2006). Performance studies: An introduction (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. Schechner, R. (2002). Performance studies: An introduction (1st ed.). London [u.a.]: Routledge. Schechner, R., & Appel, W. (1990). By means of performance: Intercultural studies of theatre and ritual. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. Schechner, R., & Brady, S. (2013). Performance studies: An introduction (3rd ed.). London, New York: Routledge. Tse, T. S. M. (2009). Forces shaping the trends and patterns of China?s outbound international tourist flows, Southern Cross University. UNWTO (2013). Tourism Highlights: 2013 Edition. Madrid: UNWTO, from http://mkt.unwto.org/en/publication/unwto- tourism-highlights-2013-edition. 15