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Resources and development

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Akshit Sharma

Resources are anything available in the environment that satisfy human needs. They must be technologically accessible, culturally acceptable, and economically feasible. Resources are classified based on their origin and exhaustibility. Planning is required for judicious use of limited resources to prevent depletion and ensure equitable distribution. Soil is an important resource that is formed over millions of years but is degraded through deforestation, overuse of fertilizers, mining, and overgrazing. Gandhi advocated conserving resources by avoiding greed and exploiting nature through sustainable production methods.

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GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-1 RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT Holiday Homework
WHAT IS A RESOURCE??? Everything available in our environment and which satisfy our needs It should be 1.)Technologicall y accessible 2.) Culturally acceptable 3.) Economically feasible Like - Solar Cooker – It is technologically accessible but not culturally acceptable
Classification of resources on the basis of
RESOURCES-ORIGIN
RESOURCES-EXHAUSTIBILITY Resources on the basis of Exhaustibility Renewable These resources can be renewed/recycled. For Example Solar and Water Energy, Forests etc. Further Divided into Continuous- Water and Wind Flow-Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Non Renewable These resources cannot be renewed as they take million years to form. For Example Minerals, Fossil Fuels.
RESOURCES-OWNERSHIP • The resources which are owned privately by individuals. • Example- Mobiles, Land. • The which resources are accessible to all members of the society. • Example- Public Parks, Playgrounds. • The resources which belongs to the government. • Technically all resources belong to the nation. • Example- Roads, Oceanic area up to 19.2km. • The resources belonging to international institutions. • Example- Oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the EEZ.
RESOURCES-STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT • Resources which are found in an region, but not have been utilized. • Like Rajasthan and Gujarat have potential of solar and wind energy but not been used for some reasons. • Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity is determined for utilization • The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility. • The resources which have potential to satisfy human needs but there is no technology to use are included among Stock. • Like Water is a compound of Hydrogen and Oxygen which can be used as rich source of energy but there is technology to use it. • They are subset of stock which can be use with existing technology but are conserved for the future generations. • Like river water is used to a limited consent for generating electricity so that it can be used in future.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES Development of Resources Essential for future as resources are limited in supply Exploitation Unequal Distribution Ecological Problem Scarcity of resources Depletion of resources
Resources and development
Resources and development
RESOURCE PLANNING Resource Planning is widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. It has importance in a country like India which has enormous diversity in resources HOW IS RESOURCE PLANNING DONE???
PLAINS MOUNTAIN S PLATEAUS
Resources and development
Resources and development
LAND DEGRADATION DEFORESTATION INDUSTRIAL WASTE OVERUSEOF FERTILIZERS QUARRYING OVERDRAZING MINING
Resources and development
Afforestation Planting Shelterbelts Checking Over irrigation Terrace Farming
Most important natural resource. Medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organism on the earth. Takes million of years to form soil up to a few cm in length.
FACTORS AFFECTING FORMATION OF SOIL Parent Rock Climate Vegetation Wind Activity of Decomposition Glaciers Organic and Inorganic Materials Temperature
CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL Colour Thickness Chemical and Physical Properties Texture-Age Classification on the basis of :- ALLUVIAL BLACK RED LATTERITE ARID FOREST
ALLUVIAL SOIL Very Fertile Formed by the deposit [Sand and Silt] brought by the rivers Found in Northern Plains, Coastal Plains, Deltas of Rivers Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Oil Seed Rich in Potash and Lime Deficiency in Nitrogen
BLACK SOIL Black in Colour Known as Regur Soil, Cotton Soil, Lava Soil Made up of lava flow [Breaking down of igneous rocks] Found in Maharashtra, M.P, Chhattisgarh, Godavari and Krishna Valleys Good Capacity to hold moisture Rich in Calcium Carbonate, Potash, Lime Deficiency in Phosphoric Content Crack occurs when dry Sticky when wet
RED OR YELLOW SOIL Porous Chores Found in Eastern and Southern part of Deccan Plateau Formed by the denudation of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks Rice, Pulse, Sugar Cane Rich in Iron Deficiency in Nitrogen, Humus, Lime
LATTERITE SOIL Acidic Porous Leaching by Heavy Rainfall Found in Western Ghats, Shillong Coffee, Rubber, Cashew Rich in Iron Deficiency in Lime, Potash
ARID SOIL Formed by Weathering of Rocks Rich in Salt Deficiency in Humus Dates, Melon, Bajra Rajasthan, Punjab, Gujrat
Found in Rainforest and Hilly areas Acidic in Nature Deficiency in Humus
SOIL EROSION The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is called SOIL EROSION. • 1.) Human- Deforestation, Over Grazing etc. • 2.) Natural- Wind, Glacier etc Due to Human and Natural Factors The processes of Soil Formation and Erosion go on simultaneously and generally there is a balance b/w the two. • 1.) Gully Erosion • 2.) Sheet Erosion Types :-
Contour Ploughing – Ploughing around the contour lines to decelerate the flow of water down the slopes Terrace Farming – Cutting out the slopes and making terraces Strip Cropping – Strips of grass are left to grow b/w the crops. It breaks up the force of wind. Planting Shelter Belts – Planting lines of trees to create shelter.
PROBLEMS CREATED BY INDISCRIMINATE USE OF RESOURCE BY MAN
IDEAS OF GANDHIJI ABOUT THE CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES. • According to Gandhi, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed. • Greedy and selfish individuals and the exploitative nature of modern technology are the root cause for resource depletion. • He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with production by masses.
MADE BY- AKSHIT SHARMA and ARJUN SINGH

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Resources and development

  • 2. WHAT IS A RESOURCE??? Everything available in our environment and which satisfy our needs It should be 1.)Technologicall y accessible 2.) Culturally acceptable 3.) Economically feasible Like - Solar Cooker – It is technologically accessible but not culturally acceptable
  • 5. RESOURCES-EXHAUSTIBILITY Resources on the basis of Exhaustibility Renewable These resources can be renewed/recycled. For Example Solar and Water Energy, Forests etc. Further Divided into Continuous- Water and Wind Flow-Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Non Renewable These resources cannot be renewed as they take million years to form. For Example Minerals, Fossil Fuels.
  • 6. RESOURCES-OWNERSHIP • The resources which are owned privately by individuals. • Example- Mobiles, Land. • The which resources are accessible to all members of the society. • Example- Public Parks, Playgrounds. • The resources which belongs to the government. • Technically all resources belong to the nation. • Example- Roads, Oceanic area up to 19.2km. • The resources belonging to international institutions. • Example- Oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the EEZ.
  • 7. RESOURCES-STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT • Resources which are found in an region, but not have been utilized. • Like Rajasthan and Gujarat have potential of solar and wind energy but not been used for some reasons. • Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity is determined for utilization • The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility. • The resources which have potential to satisfy human needs but there is no technology to use are included among Stock. • Like Water is a compound of Hydrogen and Oxygen which can be used as rich source of energy but there is technology to use it. • They are subset of stock which can be use with existing technology but are conserved for the future generations. • Like river water is used to a limited consent for generating electricity so that it can be used in future.
  • 9. DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES Development of Resources Essential for future as resources are limited in supply Exploitation Unequal Distribution Ecological Problem Scarcity of resources Depletion of resources
  • 12. RESOURCE PLANNING Resource Planning is widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. It has importance in a country like India which has enormous diversity in resources HOW IS RESOURCE PLANNING DONE???
  • 19. Most important natural resource. Medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organism on the earth. Takes million of years to form soil up to a few cm in length.
  • 20. FACTORS AFFECTING FORMATION OF SOIL Parent Rock Climate Vegetation Wind Activity of Decomposition Glaciers Organic and Inorganic Materials Temperature
  • 21. CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL Colour Thickness Chemical and Physical Properties Texture-Age Classification on the basis of :- ALLUVIAL BLACK RED LATTERITE ARID FOREST
  • 22. ALLUVIAL SOIL Very Fertile Formed by the deposit [Sand and Silt] brought by the rivers Found in Northern Plains, Coastal Plains, Deltas of Rivers Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Oil Seed Rich in Potash and Lime Deficiency in Nitrogen
  • 23. BLACK SOIL Black in Colour Known as Regur Soil, Cotton Soil, Lava Soil Made up of lava flow [Breaking down of igneous rocks] Found in Maharashtra, M.P, Chhattisgarh, Godavari and Krishna Valleys Good Capacity to hold moisture Rich in Calcium Carbonate, Potash, Lime Deficiency in Phosphoric Content Crack occurs when dry Sticky when wet
  • 24. RED OR YELLOW SOIL Porous Chores Found in Eastern and Southern part of Deccan Plateau Formed by the denudation of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks Rice, Pulse, Sugar Cane Rich in Iron Deficiency in Nitrogen, Humus, Lime
  • 25. LATTERITE SOIL Acidic Porous Leaching by Heavy Rainfall Found in Western Ghats, Shillong Coffee, Rubber, Cashew Rich in Iron Deficiency in Lime, Potash
  • 26. ARID SOIL Formed by Weathering of Rocks Rich in Salt Deficiency in Humus Dates, Melon, Bajra Rajasthan, Punjab, Gujrat
  • 27. Found in Rainforest and Hilly areas Acidic in Nature Deficiency in Humus
  • 28. SOIL EROSION The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is called SOIL EROSION. • 1.) Human- Deforestation, Over Grazing etc. • 2.) Natural- Wind, Glacier etc Due to Human and Natural Factors The processes of Soil Formation and Erosion go on simultaneously and generally there is a balance b/w the two. • 1.) Gully Erosion • 2.) Sheet Erosion Types :-
  • 29. Contour Ploughing – Ploughing around the contour lines to decelerate the flow of water down the slopes Terrace Farming – Cutting out the slopes and making terraces Strip Cropping – Strips of grass are left to grow b/w the crops. It breaks up the force of wind. Planting Shelter Belts – Planting lines of trees to create shelter.
  • 30. PROBLEMS CREATED BY INDISCRIMINATE USE OF RESOURCE BY MAN
  • 31. IDEAS OF GANDHIJI ABOUT THE CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES. • According to Gandhi, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed. • Greedy and selfish individuals and the exploitative nature of modern technology are the root cause for resource depletion. • He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with production by masses.
  • 32. MADE BY- AKSHIT SHARMA and ARJUN SINGH