This document outlines several key characteristics of living things: they exchange gases, respond to stimuli in their environment, take in nutrients for energy/growth, move internally/externally, remove waste, and reproduce offspring. Specifically, it notes that animals breathe in oxygen and out carbon dioxide, react to touch/sounds/temperatures, need to feed to gain energy for growth and health, have internal movement of substances and some external locomotion, excrete waste to avoid toxicity, and reproduce through various means like birth, laying eggs, or germinating seeds.