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 竜留竜旅虜劉 竜留亮凌粒劉 侶  侶僚旅虜流 留旅虜流 留 僚凌流亮留留 凌  慮竜凌竜旅隆流: 慮劉, 流亮竜留, 留旅凌   略僚僚侶 . 凌旅虜凌 侶僚旅虜 留 僚. 僚流 亮. 侶僚旅虜流 留旅虜流 401 裡 旅. 離竜慮僚凌 亮. 侶僚旅虜流 留旅虜流 竜僚旅虜流 了旅僚旅虜流 慮侶僚ホ
旅留粒粒流 旅 硫留旅虜劉 隆旅留留留劉 凌 慮竜凌竜旅隆流 隆旅留旅凌僚留旅 竜 隆凌 亮竜粒略了竜 虜留侶粒凌溜竜. 里旅 亮凌凌了凌粒旅虜劉 虜留旅 旅 了竜旅凌粒旅虜劉.
旅留粒粒流 裡旅 マ竜 虜竜旅僚留旅 凌旅 留僚留凌亮旅虜劉 隆旅留留留劉,  凌旅 硫凌粒凌虜流了竜 (虜略慮竜 隆旅粒虜侶 凌 慮竜凌竜旅隆流 留隆劉僚留), 凌旅 龍凌旅 凌 慮竜凌竜旅隆流 (凌旅虜劉 隆旅凌粒虜マ竜旅 凌 留隆劉僚留) 留 僚竜凌了略亮留留 凌 慮竜凌竜旅隆流 (虜留了凌流慮侶 虜留旅 虜留虜凌流慮侶). 裡旅 隆竜竜竜 略粒凌僚留旅 凌 凌慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 虜留旅 凌 竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮.
離竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 留慮凌了凌粒旅虜流 虜留略留侶 凌 凌竜溜了竜留旅 竜 竜硫凌了旅虜流 留留粒粒流 慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜ホ 凌亮凌僚ホ.
溜旅留 竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮凌  僚凌  Graves , 侶 凌両旅虜流 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 硫凌粒凌虜流了侶, 凌 凌両旅虜 留隆劉僚亮留, 侶 凌両竜溜留 慮竜凌竜旅隆溜旅隆留 侶僚 凌両竜溜留 侶 略侶 (慮竜凌竜旅隆溜旅隆留  De   Quervain ) 虜留旅 侶 竜隆凌凌了凌粒溜留 慮凌両溜僚侶
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竜留竜旅虜凌溜 竜旅旅亮凌溜 僚旅慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜流 留粒粒流 ( 硫-留僚留凌了竜溜 ) 律竜旅凌粒竜溜凌 律凌流粒侶侶 -131
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U.S. To 69%  僚 僚隆凌虜旅僚凌了粒僚 僚  竜旅了劉粒凌僚 凌 -131  マ侶 慮竜留竜溜留 劉僚留僚旅 僚 ATD 竜 竜僚流了旅虜竜 亮竜 僚.  Graves'  虜留旅 竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 .
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E.U. 84  %  ATD, 10 % 慮竜凌竜旅隆竜虜凌亮流 僚凌 6 % -131 虜亮侶 留僚旅竜留 竜 粒僚留溜虜竜 留僚留留留粒粒旅虜流 侶了旅虜溜留 虜留旅 竜隆僚 凌劉 竜 留旅隆旅略
E.U. 僚 侶  ATD  留凌竜旅, 43 % 竜旅凌粒竜溜凌 32 % 劉僚留僚 留虜亮侶 虜虜了凌  ATD 25 % -131
Saul Hertz 留僚凌略旅凌 1941
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僚旅慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜略 略亮留虜留 旅虜流 慮竜留竜溜留 僚隆旅略亮竜侶 慮竜留竜溜留
ATD &  旅虜流 慮竜留竜溜留 竜略   1-2 劉侶 , 竜侶 ~ 30% マ竜侶 竜 流旅凌 離/ 流 亮旅虜流 硫凌粒凌虜流了侶 離侶了竜侶 僚侶留 凌凌流 竜 留慮. 亮竜 侶了凌 溜了凌 留僚旅亮略僚 虜留旅 凌硫留流 凌慮留了亮凌略慮竜旅留 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 僚竜旅慮亮侶竜 留竜僚劉粒竜旅竜: 隆竜亮留旅虜 竜両略僚慮侶亮留, 侶留凌凌両旅虜侶留, 留慮留了粒溜竜, 亮竜了凌虜留留凌了流, 虜.略. Cooper, NEJM 05; Nakamura, JCEM 07; Sosa, JCEM 08; Kaguelidou, JCEM 08
ATD  & 僚隆旅略亮竜侶 慮竜留竜溜留  A) 流粒凌凌 劉了竜粒凌 凌 離/  留慮竜凌凌溜侶侶 竜旅マ竜僚 侶了凌 虜旅僚隆僚凌 B) 両略僚了侶侶 僚 留凌慮竜亮略僚 慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜ホ 凌亮凌僚ホ 竜 侶了凌 虜旅僚隆僚凌 留慮竜僚竜溜  凌了留亮硫略僚凌僚留 隆旅略凌旅留 慮凌両溜僚侶 竜 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 -131   流 凌竜粒竜旅侶旅虜略. -------------------------------------------------------------------- 旅留虜凌流 ATD 2-5 侶亮. 旅僚 侶 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 I-131 McDermott, Am J Med 1983; Sarkar, Semin Nucl Med 2006
律竜旅凌粒竜溜凌 竜 留旅隆旅略 & 竜流硫凌 (Sherman, Surgery 2006) 78 patients had surgery at age < 18 yr, 1986-2003 Complications: Transient hypoparathyroidism (6%) and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (1%) Hyperthyroidism cured in 75 patients, reoccurred in 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Surgery for Graves uncommon in the United States Complication rates   0-6 竜ホ 22% 7-12 竜ホ 11% 13-17 竜ホ 11%  Traditional indications for surgery in Graves: suspicious nodule, failure of PTU in Graves during pregnancy
-131  竜 留旅隆旅略 & 竜流硫凌 Rivkees, JCEM 2004
-131  竜 留旅隆旅略 & 竜流硫凌
Long-term safety of I-131 treatment in children 36 僚旅留 Follow-up. 116 留慮竜僚竜溜 < 20 竜ホ, 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 -131. 1990-91: 旅 虜留虜溜僚凌 慮.留., 旅 了竜留旅亮溜留 2001-02: 旅 虜留虜溜僚凌 慮.留., 旅 了竜留旅亮溜留. 1 竜亮略僚旅竜 竜留留慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮. R ead , JCEM 2004
Swedish and U.S. populations 602 留慮竜僚竜溜 凌 流留僚 -131 < 20 竜ホ. 10 劉侶 Follow-up. 侶 80 亮Ci/g (88 Gy). 2  vs .  0,1  留僚留亮竜僚亮竜僚凌旅  Ca  慮竜凌竜旅隆凌 旅 留両侶亮劉僚凌 虜溜僚隆僚凌 了凌旅ホ 虜留虜凌侶慮竜旅ホ. Shore RE. Radiat Res  1992
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Today, surgery is rarely performed in the US, but still is in the UK, but it is performed in third-world countries that cannot afford the radioiodine.  http://www.tpa-uk.org.uk/surgery_vs_radioiodinetherapy.php
Clinical Endocrinology, 2008 侶亮留凌了粒旅凌 竜 698  UK  僚隆凌虜旅僚凌了粒凌  流侶 凌 -131 竜 hyperthyroid Graves disease, subclinical hyperthyroidism and nontoxic goitre  略僚侶竜 凌 40 % 21 % 13 % 5 % Nontoxic goitre * 留僚 留凌留溜龍留僚竜 慮竜留竜溜留  0,4 % 63 % 35 % Subclinical hyperthyroidism 0,4 % 19 % 80 % Graves disease 律竜旅/粒竜溜凌 I-131 ATD
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Council directive Euratom 97/43   ...  for all medical exposure of individuals for radiotherapeutic purposes exposures of target volumes should be individually planned.
Radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disorders: what are the effective thyroidal half-life and uptake of 131I? The mean effective half-life of I-131 measured during radioiodine therapy was 5.4 days in Graves' disease, 6.4 days in nontoxic goitre, 6.6 days in toxic goitre, and 5.7 days in toxic uninodular adenoma. The mean maximal uptake of I-131 measured during radioiodine therapy was 64% in Graves' disease, 42% in nontoxic goitre, 38% in toxic goitre, and 31% in toxic uninodular adenoma.
-131 侶 僚.  Graves  凌   -131
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-131 侶 僚.  Graves  竜旅了凌粒流 亮旅虜ホ 隆竜僚 -131, 僚流慮 留留竜溜僚竜旅 凌僚 離/.  亮竜留慮竜留竜旅虜流 竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜流 虜留略留侶 竜溜僚留旅 凌旅僚流. 旅略凌凌旅 留略粒凌僚竜 竜溜龍凌僚留旅 亮竜 侶僚 留僚慮竜虜旅虜侶留 侶 慮竜留竜溜留. 亮亮劉僚僚 離竜- 流 離凌- 慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 凌隆侶粒竜溜 竜 留僚溜慮竜竜 虜了旅僚旅虜劉 虜留留略竜旅
離竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮: 留慮亮溜竜, 隆了竜旅凌粒溜留 留. 虜凌旅了溜留, 侶慮略粒侶, 留ホ士砧肯 凌旅虜流 亮略龍留, 虜留略粒亮留留, 虜.略.  離凌慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮: 留隆虜留隆溜留 亮竜 亮竜溜侶 侶 留了旅虜侶留 侶 虜留隆旅略, 竜了旅旅隆留旅亮溜留, 虜.略. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 竜略 侶 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 I-131, 凌虜了旅僚旅虜劉 隆旅留留留劉 亮凌凌僚 僚留 留留亮竜溜僚凌僚 溜 慮竜留竜溜留.  旅 留 凌旅亮竜凌 慮竜竜溜留旅 侶 留僚略両侶 凌慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮凌  (凌 慮留 隆旅凌慮ホ塾杵留旅 亮竜 凌流粒侶侶 慮凌両溜僚侶). Auer, Am Heart J 2001; Hak, Annals Int Med 2000; Imaizumi, JCEM 2004; Squizzato, Stroke 2005; Kvetny, Clin Endocrinol 2004; Franklyn, JAMA 2005 -131 侶 僚.  Graves
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僚.  Graves : 凌凌凌亮竜僚侶 隆侶 & 留凌竜了竜亮留旅虜侶留 Peters, Euro J Clin Invest 1995 15,000 rads (150 Gy): 67% 25,000 rads (250 Gy): 84% Reinhardt, EJNM 2002 15,000 rads (150 Gy): 27% 30,000 rads (300 Gy): 68% 42 ml goiter: 25,000 rads  100%
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僚. Graves 竜 13凌僚凌 留粒旅: 隆侶 I-131? (慮竜凌竜旅隆流 60g, uptake = 60%) 1. 律凌侶粒凌亮竜 5 mCi (185 MBq)  [ 竜亮竜旅旅虜略 ] 2. 律凌侶粒凌亮竜 10 mCi (370 MBq)  [ 竜亮竜旅旅虜略 ] 3. Deliver 50 亮Ci/g (1.85 MBq/g) = 5 mCi  4. Deliver 150-200 亮Ci/g (5.5-7.4 MBq) = 15-20 mCi 2010 Annual Meeting, Society of Nuclear Medicine
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Lithium &  -131
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Graves 慮留了亮凌略慮竜旅留 & I-131  裡竜 凌凌 15% 竜僚竜粒凌凌溜侶侶 流 竜旅隆竜溜僚侶. 略僚旅亮留, 硫留 離/, 侶了凌溜 溜了凌旅 里3, 凌慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 亮竜略 慮竜留竜溜留 -131. 離侶了凌溜 溜了凌旅 TSHR-A b  留僚竜両略侶凌 留略粒凌僚留 虜旅僚隆僚凌. 凌旅龍僚侶 . 慮留了亮凌了凌粒旅虜流 竜両劉留侶. Tanda, Clin Endocr  20 08; Vannuchi, JCEM  20 09; Prabhakar,   Endocr Rev  20 03 ; Acharya ,  Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008
Graves 慮留了亮凌略慮竜旅留 & I-131   Ponto KA, Thyroid. 2010  The tale of radioiodine and Graves' orbitopathy.
Graves 慮留了亮凌略慮竜旅留 & 竜旅凌粒竜溜凌   Lowery AJ, Surgeon. 2009  there is increasing evidence that total thyroidectomy may have a beneficial effect Azzam I,   Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2010  total thyroid ablation that combines surgery with radioactive iodine, is increasingly gaining attention for the treatment of patients with GO, especially those undergoing thyroid surgery, but also for those with severe unresponsive ophthalmopathy. Studies supporting this approach are awaited.
Management of Graves: Key Points Iodine-131 -  increasing preference for near-term hypothyroidism - dose for large goiter, ATD, severe hyperthyroidism - may occasionally worsen eye disease, hyperthyroidism ATD -  to control hyperthyroidism before definitive treatment - may use as primary therapy of Graves, with limited success - preferred modality in pregnancy; prevents Graves in fetus Surgery -  co-existing suspicious mass, ATD failure in pregnancy 2010 Annual Meeting, Society of Nuclear Medicine
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凌了凌龍ホ肝系 硫凌粒凌虜流了侶 竜溜侶 凌 粒虜凌 留凌亮侶侶 侶 留竜溜留 留僚旅亮竜マ旅侶 隆虜留留凌溜留 僚旅亮竜マ旅侶 離/ Bauer, Ann Intern Med 01; Cooper, JCEM 07; Kang, Surgery 02
凌了凌龍ホ肝系 硫凌粒凌虜流了侶 律凌流粒侶侶 -131 律竜旅凌粒旅虜流 留僚旅亮竜マ旅侶 凌両溜僚侶 了旅僚旅虜略 律留/虜略 -  亮竜粒留了竜侶 侶了旅虜溜留 -  亮竜粒略了凌 留隆劉僚留 -  溜竜侶 留竜溜留 -  隆虜留留凌溜留 -  凌虜了旅僚旅虜 離/ -  旅凌了凌粒旅虜 流 竜了留略  uptake 24 hr
律竜旅凌粒旅虜流 留僚旅亮竜マ旅侶 里凌両旅虜流 龍ホ肝系   (Kang, Surgery 2002) 留略了侶 僚. 凌隆ホ, 凌留慮竜凌竜旅隆亮 竜  2% 留虜溜僚凌 慮. 留. 竜  3% 里凌両旅虜流 龍ホ肝系  & Graves   (Senyurek, Surgery 2008) 留虜溜僚凌 慮.留. 竜  6%  侶僚 凌了凌龍ホ肝 , 12%  凌 留隆劉僚亮留,  3%  侶  Graves
-131 侶僚 凌了凌龍ホ肝 凌粒凌虜流了侶 Huysmans, Annals Intern Med 1994 Mean dose of 70 mCi (2590 MBq); range 42-98 mCi 40%   in goiter volume, 36%  in tracheal lumen Bonnema, JCEM 1999 Mean dose 61.6 mCi (2279 MBq); range 27-125 mCi 34%   in goiter volume, 18%  in tracheal lumen ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ Limitations: large dose, modest volume reduction; rarely,   may develop Graves disease after I-131 (Nygaard, JCEM 97)
Toxic Nodular Goiter: Key Points For large MNG, surgery preferable but may not be   feasible because of operative risk. High dose   I-131   therapy is an alternative Surgery may help discover incidental cancer I-131 therapy of single toxic nodule may not eliminate   the neck mass altogether Late hypothyroidism after I-131 therapy not uncommon
39 patients, age 35-75 years, treated with 100 亮Ci/g Single dose in 30 patients, > 1 dose in others Volumes 54% decrease in nodule volume at 12 mo 18% decrease in non-nodular volume 10% became overtly hypothyroid * Erdogan, Nucl Med Commun, 2004 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Hypothyroidism increases at long term follow-up Burch, Thyroid 98; Ceccarelli, Clin Endocrinol 05 -131 侶僚 凌了凌龍ホ肝 凌粒凌虜流了侶
 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 -131 亮竜旅ホ塾砧 凌僚 粒虜凌 凌 留隆劉僚留 40 % 亮竜略 留 1 劉凌 50 % - 60% 亮竜略 留 3  5 劉侶 侶 里凌両旅虜流 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 凌粒凌虜流了侶
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Uptake I-131  竜溜僚留旅 僚流慮 留亮侶了 僚留粒虜留旅侶留 粒旅留 亮竜粒留了竜竜 隆竜旅 -131 離侶了竜侶 留虜旅僚凌硫了侶侶 了凌旅ホ 旅ホ ... 凌 僚留 留両流凌亮竜 侶僚  TSH 侶 里凌両旅虜流 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 凌粒凌虜流了侶
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侶 里凌両旅虜流 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 凌粒凌虜流了侶 Silva MN, et al. Administration of a single dose of recombinant   human thyrotrophin enhances the efficacy of radioiodine treatment   of large compressive multinodular goitres.  Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).   2004;60:3008. Cohen O,  et al.  Low-dose recombinant human thyrotropin-aided radioiodine treatment of large, multinodular goiters in elderly patients.  Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Feb;154(2):243-52. Nielsen VE, et al. Transient goiter enlargement   after administration of 0.3 mg of recombinant human thyrotropin in   patients with benign non-toxic nodular goiter: a randomized, doubleblind,   cross-over trial.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2006;91:131722. Giusti M,   et al. Safety and efficacy of administering 0.2 mg of recombinant human TSH for two consecutive days as an adjuvant to therapy with low radioiodine doses in elderly out-patients with large nontoxic multinodular goiter.  Minerva Endocrinol. 2006 Sep;31(3):191-209. Medeiros-Neto G, et al.  An outline concerning the potential use of recombinant human thyrotropin for improving radioiodine therapy of multinodular goiter.  Endocrine. 2008 Apr;33(2):109-17. Bonnema SJ, et al. A 30-year perspective on radioiodine therapy of benign nontoxic multinodular goiter.  Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009 Oct;16(5):379-84.
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RIT in benign thyroid disease

  • 1. 竜留竜旅虜劉 竜留亮凌粒劉 侶 侶僚旅虜流 留旅虜流 留 僚凌流亮留留 凌 慮竜凌竜旅隆流: 慮劉, 流亮竜留, 留旅凌 略僚僚侶 . 凌旅虜凌 侶僚旅虜 留 僚. 僚流 亮. 侶僚旅虜流 留旅虜流 401 裡 旅. 離竜慮僚凌 亮. 侶僚旅虜流 留旅虜流 竜僚旅虜流 了旅僚旅虜流 慮侶僚ホ
  • 2. 旅留粒粒流 旅 硫留旅虜劉 隆旅留留留劉 凌 慮竜凌竜旅隆流 隆旅留旅凌僚留旅 竜 隆凌 亮竜粒略了竜 虜留侶粒凌溜竜. 里旅 亮凌凌了凌粒旅虜劉 虜留旅 旅 了竜旅凌粒旅虜劉.
  • 3. 旅留粒粒流 裡旅 マ竜 虜竜旅僚留旅 凌旅 留僚留凌亮旅虜劉 隆旅留留留劉, 凌旅 硫凌粒凌虜流了竜 (虜略慮竜 隆旅粒虜侶 凌 慮竜凌竜旅隆流 留隆劉僚留), 凌旅 龍凌旅 凌 慮竜凌竜旅隆流 (凌旅虜劉 隆旅凌粒虜マ竜旅 凌 留隆劉僚留) 留 僚竜凌了略亮留留 凌 慮竜凌竜旅隆流 (虜留了凌流慮侶 虜留旅 虜留虜凌流慮侶). 裡旅 隆竜竜竜 略粒凌僚留旅 凌 凌慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 虜留旅 凌 竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮.
  • 4. 離竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 留慮凌了凌粒旅虜流 虜留略留侶 凌 凌竜溜了竜留旅 竜 竜硫凌了旅虜流 留留粒粒流 慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜ホ 凌亮凌僚ホ.
  • 5. 溜旅留 竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮凌 僚凌 Graves , 侶 凌両旅虜流 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 硫凌粒凌虜流了侶, 凌 凌両旅虜 留隆劉僚亮留, 侶 凌両竜溜留 慮竜凌竜旅隆溜旅隆留 侶僚 凌両竜溜留 侶 略侶 (慮竜凌竜旅隆溜旅隆留 De Quervain ) 虜留旅 侶 竜隆凌凌了凌粒溜留 慮凌両溜僚侶
  • 6.
  • 7. 竜留竜旅虜凌溜 竜旅旅亮凌溜 僚旅慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜流 留粒粒流 ( 硫-留僚留凌了竜溜 ) 律竜旅凌粒竜溜凌 律凌流粒侶侶 -131
  • 8.
  • 9. U.S. To 69% 僚 僚隆凌虜旅僚凌了粒僚 僚 竜旅了劉粒凌僚 凌 -131 マ侶 慮竜留竜溜留 劉僚留僚旅 僚 ATD 竜 竜僚流了旅虜竜 亮竜 僚. Graves' 虜留旅 竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 .
  • 10.
  • 11. E.U. 84 % ATD, 10 % 慮竜凌竜旅隆竜虜凌亮流 僚凌 6 % -131 虜亮侶 留僚旅竜留 竜 粒僚留溜虜竜 留僚留留留粒粒旅虜流 侶了旅虜溜留 虜留旅 竜隆僚 凌劉 竜 留旅隆旅略
  • 12. E.U. 僚 侶 ATD 留凌竜旅, 43 % 竜旅凌粒竜溜凌 32 % 劉僚留僚 留虜亮侶 虜虜了凌 ATD 25 % -131
  • 14.
  • 15. 僚旅慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜略 略亮留虜留 旅虜流 慮竜留竜溜留 僚隆旅略亮竜侶 慮竜留竜溜留
  • 16. ATD & 旅虜流 慮竜留竜溜留 竜略 1-2 劉侶 , 竜侶 ~ 30% マ竜侶 竜 流旅凌 離/ 流 亮旅虜流 硫凌粒凌虜流了侶 離侶了竜侶 僚侶留 凌凌流 竜 留慮. 亮竜 侶了凌 溜了凌 留僚旅亮略僚 虜留旅 凌硫留流 凌慮留了亮凌略慮竜旅留 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 僚竜旅慮亮侶竜 留竜僚劉粒竜旅竜: 隆竜亮留旅虜 竜両略僚慮侶亮留, 侶留凌凌両旅虜侶留, 留慮留了粒溜竜, 亮竜了凌虜留留凌了流, 虜.略. Cooper, NEJM 05; Nakamura, JCEM 07; Sosa, JCEM 08; Kaguelidou, JCEM 08
  • 17. ATD & 僚隆旅略亮竜侶 慮竜留竜溜留 A) 流粒凌凌 劉了竜粒凌 凌 離/ 留慮竜凌凌溜侶侶 竜旅マ竜僚 侶了凌 虜旅僚隆僚凌 B) 両略僚了侶侶 僚 留凌慮竜亮略僚 慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜ホ 凌亮凌僚ホ 竜 侶了凌 虜旅僚隆僚凌 留慮竜僚竜溜 凌了留亮硫略僚凌僚留 隆旅略凌旅留 慮凌両溜僚侶 竜 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 -131 流 凌竜粒竜旅侶旅虜略. -------------------------------------------------------------------- 旅留虜凌流 ATD 2-5 侶亮. 旅僚 侶 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 I-131 McDermott, Am J Med 1983; Sarkar, Semin Nucl Med 2006
  • 18. 律竜旅凌粒竜溜凌 竜 留旅隆旅略 & 竜流硫凌 (Sherman, Surgery 2006) 78 patients had surgery at age < 18 yr, 1986-2003 Complications: Transient hypoparathyroidism (6%) and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (1%) Hyperthyroidism cured in 75 patients, reoccurred in 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Surgery for Graves uncommon in the United States Complication rates 0-6 竜ホ 22% 7-12 竜ホ 11% 13-17 竜ホ 11% Traditional indications for surgery in Graves: suspicious nodule, failure of PTU in Graves during pregnancy
  • 19. -131 竜 留旅隆旅略 & 竜流硫凌 Rivkees, JCEM 2004
  • 20. -131 竜 留旅隆旅略 & 竜流硫凌
  • 21. Long-term safety of I-131 treatment in children 36 僚旅留 Follow-up. 116 留慮竜僚竜溜 < 20 竜ホ, 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 -131. 1990-91: 旅 虜留虜溜僚凌 慮.留., 旅 了竜留旅亮溜留 2001-02: 旅 虜留虜溜僚凌 慮.留., 旅 了竜留旅亮溜留. 1 竜亮略僚旅竜 竜留留慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮. R ead , JCEM 2004
  • 22. Swedish and U.S. populations 602 留慮竜僚竜溜 凌 流留僚 -131 < 20 竜ホ. 10 劉侶 Follow-up. 侶 80 亮Ci/g (88 Gy). 2 vs . 0,1 留僚留亮竜僚亮竜僚凌旅 Ca 慮竜凌竜旅隆凌 旅 留両侶亮劉僚凌 虜溜僚隆僚凌 了凌旅ホ 虜留虜凌侶慮竜旅ホ. Shore RE. Radiat Res 1992
  • 23.
  • 24. Today, surgery is rarely performed in the US, but still is in the UK, but it is performed in third-world countries that cannot afford the radioiodine. http://www.tpa-uk.org.uk/surgery_vs_radioiodinetherapy.php
  • 25. Clinical Endocrinology, 2008 侶亮留凌了粒旅凌 竜 698 UK 僚隆凌虜旅僚凌了粒凌 流侶 凌 -131 竜 hyperthyroid Graves disease, subclinical hyperthyroidism and nontoxic goitre 略僚侶竜 凌 40 % 21 % 13 % 5 % Nontoxic goitre * 留僚 留凌留溜龍留僚竜 慮竜留竜溜留 0,4 % 63 % 35 % Subclinical hyperthyroidism 0,4 % 19 % 80 % Graves disease 律竜旅/粒竜溜凌 I-131 ATD
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. Council directive Euratom 97/43 ... for all medical exposure of individuals for radiotherapeutic purposes exposures of target volumes should be individually planned.
  • 29. Radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disorders: what are the effective thyroidal half-life and uptake of 131I? The mean effective half-life of I-131 measured during radioiodine therapy was 5.4 days in Graves' disease, 6.4 days in nontoxic goitre, 6.6 days in toxic goitre, and 5.7 days in toxic uninodular adenoma. The mean maximal uptake of I-131 measured during radioiodine therapy was 64% in Graves' disease, 42% in nontoxic goitre, 38% in toxic goitre, and 31% in toxic uninodular adenoma.
  • 30. -131 侶 僚. Graves 凌 -131
  • 31.
  • 32. -131 侶 僚. Graves 竜旅了凌粒流 亮旅虜ホ 隆竜僚 -131, 僚流慮 留留竜溜僚竜旅 凌僚 離/. 亮竜留慮竜留竜旅虜流 竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅虜流 虜留略留侶 竜溜僚留旅 凌旅僚流. 旅略凌凌旅 留略粒凌僚竜 竜溜龍凌僚留旅 亮竜 侶僚 留僚慮竜虜旅虜侶留 侶 慮竜留竜溜留. 亮亮劉僚僚 離竜- 流 離凌- 慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 凌隆侶粒竜溜 竜 留僚溜慮竜竜 虜了旅僚旅虜劉 虜留留略竜旅
  • 33. 離竜慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮: 留慮亮溜竜, 隆了竜旅凌粒溜留 留. 虜凌旅了溜留, 侶慮略粒侶, 留ホ士砧肯 凌旅虜流 亮略龍留, 虜留略粒亮留留, 虜.略. 離凌慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮: 留隆虜留隆溜留 亮竜 亮竜溜侶 侶 留了旅虜侶留 侶 虜留隆旅略, 竜了旅旅隆留旅亮溜留, 虜.略. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 竜略 侶 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 I-131, 凌虜了旅僚旅虜劉 隆旅留留留劉 亮凌凌僚 僚留 留留亮竜溜僚凌僚 溜 慮竜留竜溜留. 旅 留 凌旅亮竜凌 慮竜竜溜留旅 侶 留僚略両侶 凌慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮凌 (凌 慮留 隆旅凌慮ホ塾杵留旅 亮竜 凌流粒侶侶 慮凌両溜僚侶). Auer, Am Heart J 2001; Hak, Annals Int Med 2000; Imaizumi, JCEM 2004; Squizzato, Stroke 2005; Kvetny, Clin Endocrinol 2004; Franklyn, JAMA 2005 -131 侶 僚. Graves
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36. 僚. Graves : 凌凌凌亮竜僚侶 隆侶 & 留凌竜了竜亮留旅虜侶留 Peters, Euro J Clin Invest 1995 15,000 rads (150 Gy): 67% 25,000 rads (250 Gy): 84% Reinhardt, EJNM 2002 15,000 rads (150 Gy): 27% 30,000 rads (300 Gy): 68% 42 ml goiter: 25,000 rads 100%
  • 37.
  • 38. 僚. Graves 竜 13凌僚凌 留粒旅: 隆侶 I-131? (慮竜凌竜旅隆流 60g, uptake = 60%) 1. 律凌侶粒凌亮竜 5 mCi (185 MBq) [ 竜亮竜旅旅虜略 ] 2. 律凌侶粒凌亮竜 10 mCi (370 MBq) [ 竜亮竜旅旅虜略 ] 3. Deliver 50 亮Ci/g (1.85 MBq/g) = 5 mCi 4. Deliver 150-200 亮Ci/g (5.5-7.4 MBq) = 15-20 mCi 2010 Annual Meeting, Society of Nuclear Medicine
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41. Lithium & -131
  • 42.
  • 43. Graves 慮留了亮凌略慮竜旅留 & I-131 裡竜 凌凌 15% 竜僚竜粒凌凌溜侶侶 流 竜旅隆竜溜僚侶. 略僚旅亮留, 硫留 離/, 侶了凌溜 溜了凌旅 里3, 凌慮竜凌竜旅隆旅亮 亮竜略 慮竜留竜溜留 -131. 離侶了凌溜 溜了凌旅 TSHR-A b 留僚竜両略侶凌 留略粒凌僚留 虜旅僚隆僚凌. 凌旅龍僚侶 . 慮留了亮凌了凌粒旅虜流 竜両劉留侶. Tanda, Clin Endocr 20 08; Vannuchi, JCEM 20 09; Prabhakar, Endocr Rev 20 03 ; Acharya , Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008
  • 44. Graves 慮留了亮凌略慮竜旅留 & I-131 Ponto KA, Thyroid. 2010 The tale of radioiodine and Graves' orbitopathy.
  • 45. Graves 慮留了亮凌略慮竜旅留 & 竜旅凌粒竜溜凌 Lowery AJ, Surgeon. 2009 there is increasing evidence that total thyroidectomy may have a beneficial effect Azzam I, Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2010 total thyroid ablation that combines surgery with radioactive iodine, is increasingly gaining attention for the treatment of patients with GO, especially those undergoing thyroid surgery, but also for those with severe unresponsive ophthalmopathy. Studies supporting this approach are awaited.
  • 46. Management of Graves: Key Points Iodine-131 - increasing preference for near-term hypothyroidism - dose for large goiter, ATD, severe hyperthyroidism - may occasionally worsen eye disease, hyperthyroidism ATD - to control hyperthyroidism before definitive treatment - may use as primary therapy of Graves, with limited success - preferred modality in pregnancy; prevents Graves in fetus Surgery - co-existing suspicious mass, ATD failure in pregnancy 2010 Annual Meeting, Society of Nuclear Medicine
  • 47.
  • 48. 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 硫凌粒凌虜流了侶 竜溜侶 凌 粒虜凌 留凌亮侶侶 侶 留竜溜留 留僚旅亮竜マ旅侶 隆虜留留凌溜留 僚旅亮竜マ旅侶 離/ Bauer, Ann Intern Med 01; Cooper, JCEM 07; Kang, Surgery 02
  • 49. 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 硫凌粒凌虜流了侶 律凌流粒侶侶 -131 律竜旅凌粒旅虜流 留僚旅亮竜マ旅侶 凌両溜僚侶 了旅僚旅虜略 律留/虜略 - 亮竜粒留了竜侶 侶了旅虜溜留 - 亮竜粒略了凌 留隆劉僚留 - 溜竜侶 留竜溜留 - 隆虜留留凌溜留 - 凌虜了旅僚旅虜 離/ - 旅凌了凌粒旅虜 流 竜了留略 uptake 24 hr
  • 50. 律竜旅凌粒旅虜流 留僚旅亮竜マ旅侶 里凌両旅虜流 龍ホ肝系 (Kang, Surgery 2002) 留略了侶 僚. 凌隆ホ, 凌留慮竜凌竜旅隆亮 竜 2% 留虜溜僚凌 慮. 留. 竜 3% 里凌両旅虜流 龍ホ肝系 & Graves (Senyurek, Surgery 2008) 留虜溜僚凌 慮.留. 竜 6% 侶僚 凌了凌龍ホ肝 , 12% 凌 留隆劉僚亮留, 3% 侶 Graves
  • 51. -131 侶僚 凌了凌龍ホ肝 凌粒凌虜流了侶 Huysmans, Annals Intern Med 1994 Mean dose of 70 mCi (2590 MBq); range 42-98 mCi 40% in goiter volume, 36% in tracheal lumen Bonnema, JCEM 1999 Mean dose 61.6 mCi (2279 MBq); range 27-125 mCi 34% in goiter volume, 18% in tracheal lumen ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ Limitations: large dose, modest volume reduction; rarely, may develop Graves disease after I-131 (Nygaard, JCEM 97)
  • 52. Toxic Nodular Goiter: Key Points For large MNG, surgery preferable but may not be feasible because of operative risk. High dose I-131 therapy is an alternative Surgery may help discover incidental cancer I-131 therapy of single toxic nodule may not eliminate the neck mass altogether Late hypothyroidism after I-131 therapy not uncommon
  • 53. 39 patients, age 35-75 years, treated with 100 亮Ci/g Single dose in 30 patients, > 1 dose in others Volumes 54% decrease in nodule volume at 12 mo 18% decrease in non-nodular volume 10% became overtly hypothyroid * Erdogan, Nucl Med Commun, 2004 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Hypothyroidism increases at long term follow-up Burch, Thyroid 98; Ceccarelli, Clin Endocrinol 05 -131 侶僚 凌了凌龍ホ肝 凌粒凌虜流了侶
  • 54. 慮竜留竜溜留 亮竜 -131 亮竜旅ホ塾砧 凌僚 粒虜凌 凌 留隆劉僚留 40 % 亮竜略 留 1 劉凌 50 % - 60% 亮竜略 留 3 5 劉侶 侶 里凌両旅虜流 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 凌粒凌虜流了侶
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57. Uptake I-131 竜溜僚留旅 僚流慮 留亮侶了 僚留粒虜留旅侶留 粒旅留 亮竜粒留了竜竜 隆竜旅 -131 離侶了竜侶 留虜旅僚凌硫了侶侶 了凌旅ホ 旅ホ ... 凌 僚留 留両流凌亮竜 侶僚 TSH 侶 里凌両旅虜流 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 凌粒凌虜流了侶
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60. 侶 里凌両旅虜流 凌了凌龍ホ肝系 凌粒凌虜流了侶 Silva MN, et al. Administration of a single dose of recombinant human thyrotrophin enhances the efficacy of radioiodine treatment of large compressive multinodular goitres. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004;60:3008. Cohen O, et al. Low-dose recombinant human thyrotropin-aided radioiodine treatment of large, multinodular goiters in elderly patients. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Feb;154(2):243-52. Nielsen VE, et al. Transient goiter enlargement after administration of 0.3 mg of recombinant human thyrotropin in patients with benign non-toxic nodular goiter: a randomized, doubleblind, cross-over trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2006;91:131722. Giusti M, et al. Safety and efficacy of administering 0.2 mg of recombinant human TSH for two consecutive days as an adjuvant to therapy with low radioiodine doses in elderly out-patients with large nontoxic multinodular goiter. Minerva Endocrinol. 2006 Sep;31(3):191-209. Medeiros-Neto G, et al. An outline concerning the potential use of recombinant human thyrotropin for improving radioiodine therapy of multinodular goiter. Endocrine. 2008 Apr;33(2):109-17. Bonnema SJ, et al. A 30-year perspective on radioiodine therapy of benign nontoxic multinodular goiter. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009 Oct;16(5):379-84.
  • 61.