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This document discusses river processes and landforms. It begins by explaining closed and open drainage basin systems and Bradshaw's model of river characteristics. It then describes various landforms associated with different stages of a river's course from the upper to middle to lower sections. These include V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, rapids, pot holes, meanders, flood plains, ox-bow lakes, braided channels, and deltas. The document also mentions opportunities and hazards presented by rivers as well as river management. It provides several references and bibliographic sources to supplement the content.Read less